THE SILVER STANDARD 1847 VoklL&nL THE HENRY FRANCIS du PONT WINTERTHUR MUSEUM LIBRARIES Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2011 with funding from LYRASIS Members and Sloan Foundation http://www.archive.org/details/silverstandardpeOOmeri THE SILVER STANDARD A PERIODICAL OF 1847 Arranged, Printed and Originally Distributed Among Those of This Country Who Deal in Silverware THIS SPECIAL EDITION Containing all the Numbers of Vols. II & III Bound Into a Book for a Few Friends Who May Enjoy Reading of an Interesting Period and Presented by THE PUBLISHERS 1907 J ijfHIS book contains Vols. II and III of The Silver „JH| ^sfes Standard. Both bear the date 1847 — as, in good time, will Vol. IV and its successors. If the Standard successfully "covers" that year, no more will be re- quired of it. The items here reprinted are taken from many and various sources — newspapers, magazines and books of sixty years ago. It would be impossible to give credit everywhere where credit is due, but it may not be amiss to mention some of the sources of The Standard's contents, as follows : Scientific American, American Review, Gleason's Pictorial Drawing-Room Companion, Democratic Review, Graham's Magazine, Hunt's Merchants' Magazine, United States Magazine, New York Mirror, Hampden Post, Anglo-American, Boston Almanac, New York Sun, Fisher's Magazine, Hartford and New Haven, Conn., papers and Godey's Lady's Book. The authorities consulted in the preparation of the sketches of cities are given, for the most part, in the text of the articles themselves. ESTABLISHED IN 1847 BY ROGERS BROS. Vol. II. No. 1. FEBRUARY, 1847. Fivk Gents. OUR COUNTRY IN YEAR 1847 REVIEW OF UNITED STATES BY HORACE GREELEY WONDERFUL ADVANCE MADE IN SCIENCE THAT CONTRIBUTES TO OUR HEALTH AND COMFORT. Mr. Horace Greeley contributes the follow- ing : The great strides which Physical Im- provement has made in our day have been worthily the theme of frequent and forcible ob- servation. Canals, out of China, were rare and of small account before the commencement of the present century; Steamboats were un- dreamed of ; Railroads a palpable impossibility. Think of our grand- mothers' indignation at the mendacious vagrant who should have told them that a man might travel from Boston to Baltimore within twe.n - ty-four hours, riding in a twenty ton vehicle I ropelled by fire and water ! Yet to us, though Steamboats have been but forty and Railroad; hardly ten years in be- ing, these have ceased to be wonders; the marvels of Steam Presses and Electric Telegraphs have super- seded them ; and tfnse in turn are destined soon to be supplanted by others. Ten years since I at- tended by invitation a private exhibition cf Professor Morse's new- ly invented Electric Telegraph. It was at the New York Univer- sity, and sentences and mescages were trans- mitted through a coil of wire said to be ten miles long, and read off to a wondering crowd, most of whom doubtless re- garded the machinery, batteries, &c, &c, as quite ingenious, but fantastic, and evidenc- ing a deplorable misuse of tine and means. Now, there are thou- sands of miles of tele- graphic communication in this country alone, and I sit in my work- room in New York and wnte out a question to ask a friend in Cincin- nati or Richmond, to which his answer is laid on my table in the course of two hours thereafter! (But for the delay in twice cross- ing the broad Hudson by ferry-boat in default of telegraphic connec- tion, this time would be much shorter.) A few /ears hence the people of Oregon will read at 3 P. M. in their news- papers the result cf di- visions of either house at Washington at 5 P.M. of the same day ; for iime is not merely anni- hilated by t!:e telegraph ; it is abscLtely out-run anticpated ; so that ticimgs in parsing west- waid will be constantly received i.. advance of the hour of sending them. Already the arrival of a steamship (itself one of our new though not newest wonders) iz announced in New York some minutes ear- lier than the actual dale of the arrival ; and soon the merchants of New Orleans will read the foreign news received at Boston at least an hour earlier (in the day) than their brethren in Boston itself ! The immense revolution in habits, opinions, policy, and ideas which this magic wire is destined to ef- fect, can hardly yet be realized. And when we hear that some one in Cin- cinnati has just invented a means of transporting, at a very moderate ex- pense, a traveler from that city to New York within two hours, (is this swifter or slower than the medium speed of a cannon-ball?) th» natural sentiment is no longer incredulity nor even surprise ; we sim- ply await with interest and curiosity the devel- opment of his plan. THE FUTURE OF TEXAS SOME TIMELY QUESTIONS BEING ASKED HOW ARE WE TO GOVERN THE RECENTLY ANNEXED TERRITORY? NORTH AND SOUTH. T"HE likeness of Horace Greeley in this number is, we think, * a good one. It is characteristic. The carelessness in dress, the unstudied simplicity of address, the honest, unpretending truthfulness of heart that make up the man himself, as he is seen by the world, we can also see in this picture. The immense ad- vances of the half cen- tury just closing, in Arts, Manufactures and Productive Capac- ity, open too wide a field to be more than glanced at here. Low- ell, Manchester, Law- rence are but types of the Industrial Revolu- tion which is rapidly transforming the whole civilized world. Com- merce and Manufact- ures are the first to acknowledge its power; but Agriculture is cer- tain to follow in their path. The petty farm and separate cottage will experience the fate of the household loom and spinning wheel. In the existing destitution, of- ten unto suffering, cf a large proportion of the Laboring Class, it is morally impossible that the dictates of Econ- omy, of Labor-saving, should for any length of time be generally re- sisted. The consciousness that twenty men's con- joint labor, aided by the most approved machin- ery, can effect more than that of fifty men scattered on twenty to forty farms, cut up into little patches and culti- vated by the aid of such implements as pertain to such farms and farmers, must inevitably in time produce its natural re- sult. Either through an Industrial Feudalism or a more Republican combination of efforts for mutual benefit, a transformation of Rural Labor is at hand. The course may yet be varied, but the momen- tum is already given. TIGHT PANTA- LOONS AND TO- BACCO-The num- ber on the sick list at West Point, last year, caused some investiga- tion to be made, and the surgeon represents the causes to be the inordin- ate quantity of tobacco used by them, and the practice of wearing pan- taloons so tight around the waist as to interfere with digestion. THE QUICKEST TRIP YET-The Mail Pilot line made the passage from New York to this city, on Tuesday evening, in the unprecedented quick time of three hours and fifty minutes. This is the quickest trip ever made from New York tr> Philadelphia by a train of passenger cars. Phil. N. Amer. EMIGRATION TO CALIFORNIA — A correspondent to the Journal of Com- merce writing from Monterey, California, under the date of Sep- tember 19th, 1846, states that 3000 emi- grants from the United States, it is understood, have just arrived at San Francisco, in two com- panies, one commanded by Capt. Hastings and he other by Capt. Prussel, and ten thou- sand more are on their way. MORALS 1 N CONNECTICUT Morris, the manager of a strolling company of players, has been fined $60, in Manchester, Ct. The charge was, that "said Morris, with force and arms, and with a view of gain, did cause certain fe- males, dressed in wom- en s clothes, to whirl round swiftly on one foot, with the other ex- tended at right angles, and in a horizontal po- sition. "Tar and Feathers" of the right sort. A Mr. Tarr, in Newport, has married a widow by the name of Feath- ers. The annexation of Texas, was, no doubt, tolerated by public opinion, in consequence of the fanaticism dis- played by a portion of the North, who lost no opportunity to irritate the feelings, and threat- en to invade the rights of the South those rights which were se- cured by our common bond of union. The war was a con- sequence of the annex- ation of Texas and the further annexation of distant regions seems to have been the object ; for the proclamations of our Generals and Com- modores, from the in- terior of Mexico and the shores of the Pacific appear to have been warranted by tbe spirit of their instructions. How are we to gov- ern the conquered States? Are we, like Rome of old, to hold them in subjection and treat them as tributaries of our republic? or are we to retain them as territories ? or are we to incorporate them into our Union? How will the East- ern States approve of this gigantic extension of the area of the old Con- federacy over a whole hemisphere of Foreign States? How will the South relish the increase and spread of our own pop- ulation over these dis- tant and fertile regions, if they shall be admitted on a footing of equality; and in what form or shape, and under what circumstances can the Southern Atlantic States be benefited by this wholesale incorpo- ration ? Questions such as these begin to be enter- tained ; they already possess some interest ; they will soon acquire importance. PUBLIC SPIRIT IN LITCHFIELD- Two drovers, named Purdy, passed through Litchfield, Ct., on Sun- day noon last, with a drove of cattle from the west.andputupat Brad- leyville, four miles dist- ant. The Rev. Mr. — accosted them, and en- quired whether they didn't know that it was wrong to drive on the Sabbath? to which they replied in the affirma- tive ; but instead of stop- ping they went on to the next tavern, four miles distant. The Grand Juror was wait- ed on, the constable called out of church, a fleet horse procured, and the drovers arrested, travelled back to Litch- field, and made to "pony up' $12, after which the services in Mr. — church were un- interrupted. A young gentleman of this city, says the Boston Post, on a New Year's day rectified a mistake in his washer- woman's bill, and paid her $1.50 more than she had charged. This rare instance of honesty coming to the ears of several of his female ac- quaintances, they have resolved to make and present him a dozen shirts, with a suitable inscription with indeli- ble ink. A fugitive Slave un- dergoing an examina- tion at Northampton, when asked if his mas- ter was a Christian, re- plied, "No, sir, he's a member of Congress." The debt of Penn- sylvania, at the close of the fiscal vear is $40,- 789,577. We are indebted to New York Sun, Scientific American, Gleason's Pictorial, and others of the "1847" period for material in this issue. Meriden, Conn., February, 1 906— MERIDEN BRITANNIA CO.— International Silver Co., Successor. g~ 184T KOGER5 BKOS "SILVER- PLATE THAT WEARS 1 The Vintage J5 The success of our newest pattern, the "Vintage, " was assured from the first. During- the months it has been upon the market, the demand has steadily increased. Its beauty, its originality, the careful workmanship that marks its execution have made the "Vintage" one of the most popular designs ever offered to the public. The employment of the grape clusters, leaves, and tendrils is in eminently good taste, avoiding all suspicion of freakishness, not forcing itself upon the attention, and yet affording a pleasing deviation from the conventional. It has found its way into the homes of people of taste and refinement, and, we venture to predict, the call for this design will prove steady. It has been adapted to all the pieces usually made in the " 1847 Rogers Bros." line. Like all "1847 Rogers Bros." goods, it is up to the standard established by Rogers Bros, when they discovered the process of electro- silver plating in 1847. The trade-mark, " 1847 Rogers Bros.", stands for quality first, last, and all the time. We cannot afford to put out anything bearing this trade-mark unless it is the best. Our extensive general advertising has educated, and is educating, the people to look for the " 1847 Rogers Bros." trade-mark. This is of benefit to you as well as to us. We advertise the goods, and it is for the dealer to let people know he has them. Our advertising has been a factor in stimulating the demand for the "Vintage" pattern, but no amount of advertising would have sold the goods had they not met with public approval. No dealer will make a mistake when he lays in a stock of the "Vintage." MERIDEN BRITANNIA CO., MERIDEN, CONNECTICUT MADE AND GUARANTEED BY (International Silver Co., Successor) NEW YORK HAMILTON, CANADA INtW YUKK HAIVI1L1U1N, CA1NAUA CHICAGO ^^Siy —HOLLOWWARE TRADEMARKS— [MlBICol \£~^\ | w'CM EM OUNTsI — HOLLOWWARE TRADEMARKS- !B9£s ROGER6 BROS. Supplied to retailers by all leading jobbers $T flHLX?Bwp^Sl- 18 4> R-OGETLS BKOS J The "VINTAGE" THE SUCCESS OF MODERN TIMES DESIGN PATENTED ^Distributed to the public by progressive dealers 1847- i ii i.n TIIK SILVER STANDARD -HIM "1847 Rogers Bkos."— mark then- 1847 — and — 1906 — now. Established in 1847 by Rogebs Bkos. issued BY Meripen Britannia Co., Meripen, ( r. (International Silver Co., Success Vol. II— No.l. FEBRUARY, 1906. 5 Cents THE STANDARD FOR 190b. The first volume of The Silver Standard was received with so much favor by the trade that it was decided to continue its publication. In this, the first number of the second volume, we have broadened the scope, and we feel very confident that The Silver Standard — although perhaps not so much of a novelty as it was last year — will prove even more in- teresting and of still greater value. The first and last pages remain as they were in form, reprinting the news of 1847 as found in various newspapers and other peri- odicals of that year. The fourth and fifth pages will present views of localities, buildings, etc., as they appeared in 1847, and as they, or their successors, appear to-day. A short description will accom- pany the illustrations and help the latter to emphasize the great changes that have taken place since 1847 (as on Page 4 of the present number) or (as on Page 5) the striking similarity between the ideas of today and those of nearly sixty years ago. We would also call attention to the excel- lent cut of Horace Greeley on the first page. The original appeared in the publication enti- tled the Nineteenth Century, for the year 1847. In the same number appeared the article by Greeley on "Our Country," which we reprint on Page 1 . The picture from which the cut was made was taken when the great editor was about thirty-five years of age and differs greatly from the usual picture of Greeley with the familiar eruption of chin whiskers, old style spectacles and felt hat. In delving into the musty annals of the first naif of the nineteenth century we have been forcibly impressed by the fact that the year 1847 was remarkable for other reasons than that great reason which we have known so long the discovery of the electro-silver plat- i ■ J|1IBIII HS31I1I ■ « - !R:,!! ! - f'»rrii £ uiii » illirrrn] s nmsirr « MWJ1L CONTRAST PHILADELPHIA BUILDING IN 1847 AND STRUCTURE THAT NOW OCCUPIES SITE. The two cuts on this page present a deci- ded contrast. One shows the " Hall of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadel- phia" as it stood in 1847. " It has been fre- quently said the building at the northeast cor- ner of Broad and George streets looks poverty caste," observed a magazine of the period. " The building of which we speak was founded on the 25th of May, 1839, by the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia,' a society which was begun on the 25th of January, 1812, and incorporated by an act of the Legislature of the State of Pennsylvania on the 24th of March, 1817. "The object of the Insti- tution is to cultivate the Natural Sciences exclus- ively, and to diffuse a know- ledge of them amongst the people." To-day the site of the "poverty caste" building with the long but dignified name is occupied by the Land and Title Company's sky-scraper, shown in the lower cut. The Phila- delphia of 1906 is not the Philadelphia that the good people of 1847 knew and loved and ■ the fact can hardly be more strikingly emphasized than it is on this page. To quote once more from the magazine : "The 'Hall of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadel- phia' is forty-five feet front on Broad street, and one hundred and fifteen feet on George street, with an elevation of fifty feet. The style of architecture is plain and unpretending ; and as already intimated, the extenor remains unfinished for want of funds, all the resources of the Society being required to meet the cur- rent expenses incurred for preserving the objects in the museum, binding, books, warming and lighting, etc., etc." The " George street " referred to in the magazine is the Sansom street of to-day. The difference in the two buildings is typical of the difference in the methods employed and the magnitude of the business of to-day and that of nearly sixty years ago. A Philadel- phian of 1 847 would feel himself indeed a stranger in a strange land were he to return to 'his old haunts. THE ARMY IN 1847. 1847 COINAGE— J 905. The regular army in Mexico, Decern- The coinage at the United States mints and ber 31, 1847, was 21,202. This was branches in 1847 was 1 5,392,344 pieces, value increased until April 5, 1848, there were $22,657,671 .69. In 1905, according to Sec- 25,445. The treaty of peace was pro- retary of the Treasury Shaw's last report, claimed July 4, 1848, and the army was there were 152,422,302 pieces coined, the reduced to 8,866. value being $91,1 72,729.83. ing process by Rogers Bros. During the course of the year it will be our privi- lege to demonstrate this fact in the suc- cessive numbers of The Silver Standard. While we show what a newspaper of the period was like and attempt to give a fairly accurate glimpse of the events and thoughts, the customs and fashions of the year 1847, we hope, also, to im- press upon your mind the fact that it is nearly sixty years since the first Rogers Bros, silver plated ware was produced and, moreover, that the standard set in 1847 has been maintained ever since by Rogers Bros, and their successors. If The Silver Standard succeeds in this endeavor, and if it arouses the interest and furnishes some rather unique instruction, it will have accomplished its object. IS 17 -TIIKN -THE SILVEE STANDARD now l'.mr, AERIAL FERRY IDEA OF NEWLY COMPLETED STRUCTURE DATES BACK TO THE 1847 PERIOD. On the opposite page our theme was "Con- trast"; on this page our text is: "There is nothing new under the sun." The two illus- trations below might be mistaken for pictures of the same structure, but the lower one shows the aerial feny recently completed at Duluth, Minn., bridging the Duluth ship canal— "the only one of its kind in America and one of the unique sights not only of Duluth but of the entire country " — and the other an inventor's drawing made nearly sixty years ago. than the benefits conferred, because the ship ping that passes this point is immense, and the other business is comparatively small. But at Piermont the shipping is much less, while the Erie Railroad brings to that point a world of freight and passengers from the great West." The dimensions of the Duluth bridge are : Clear span of 381 1-2 feet; depth of truss, 50 feet; clear height above water, 135 feet. The cut shown is from a photograph taken at the time the car made its first trip across. The traveling car is suspended from the lower cords of the structure by stiff cables. Its floor is twelve feet above the water line. The distance from bank to bank of the stream is made in 1 1 -2 minutes. The car measures 20 feet by 30 feet, and has a capacity of 65 tons. The structure was built at a cost of about $110,000. Duluth formerly managed to get along with two old-fashioned, flat bottom ferry boats at means of an overhead structure. This solved ihe problem. He immediately went back, and told the people of Duluth about the remarkable swinging bridge, whereupon they decided to build one like it. Thus Americans were forced to borrow from France an invention that dated back in their own country nearly sixty years. GROWTH OF MANUFACTURES. The growth of the United States since 1847 is shown by a comparison of the statistics of manufactures as given in the census of 1 850 and 1900. According to these figures, there has been an increase in capital invested ap- proximating seventeen-fold ; in the average number of wage-earners the increase has been about four and one-half-fold ; in amount of wages paid about nine-fold; and in gross value of products about twelve-fold. The population of the country in the same period has increased two and one-quarter fold. The number of manufacturing establish- ments in 1 900 was 5 1 2,339, as against 1 23,025 in 1850. The capital was $9,835,086,909 as against $533,245,351. The value of products in 1900 was $13,014,287,498 as compared with $1,019,- 06,616 in 1850. The growth of the cheese, butter and milk industry since 1847 is remarkable. In 1847 there were but eight cheese factories in the country. According to the 1900 census, the cheese, butter and condensed milk establish- ments numbered 9,355, with a capital of $36,508,015; salaries aggregating $915,442; " Swinging people and freight across a stream by means of an aerial ferry is a novel method of river-crossing," says the Technical World Magazine, commenting upon the Duluth bridge. Mr. H. M. Houghton, of Bergen, N. J., conceived the idea about 1847. It is thus described in the Scientific American of that time: "The nature of the invention consists of erecting piers of a great height and placing a double track railroad on the same, sufficiently high to allow the masts of ships to pass freely underneath during the highest freshets or tides. A suspension carriage (or carriages) is em- ployed; it is hung to run on the track above and the platform of it is hung so far below the track on the piers as to allow persons and carriages to pass on the suspension carriage or platform, and to be propelled on the other side." Regarding the site of the proposed ferry the Scientific American continued: " The question of erecting a bridge over the East River at New York has often been dis- cussed, but no bridge could be erected over ii that would pay expenses and compete with ferry-boats. That a bridge could be erected there can be no doubt at all, and the one here presented would be by far the best in every sense of tfje word. "To erect a drawbridge over the Hudson from New York to Jersey City, the interests of the public would probably suffer, that is the damage to navigation would be greater this crossing ; but the traffic became so con- gested that some other method had to be de- vised. Tunneling under the stream was suggested, bui the estimated cost of nearly $2,000,000 made this scheme impossible. The war department would not permit of the con- struction of a drawbridge. Ships could not pass under any other kind of bridge ; and so Duluth was in a state of perplexity until one of her citizens went to Rouen, France, and there saw traffic hauled across the Seine by employing 12,865 persons, v amounted to $6, 1 70,670. The products was $13 1 ,199,277. hose wages value of ihe FARM FIGURES. The number of farms in the United States in 1847 was 1,449,073. According to the last census the number was 5,737,372. The value of farm property in 1847 was $3,967,- 343,580; by the 1 900 census $20,439,90 1,164. gT 1&4T R.OGERS BKOS SILVEFL. PLATE THAT WEARS 1 Patterns come and go. The popularity of some is very fleeting. The "Berkshire" has proved the exception to the rule. The demand for this design has been phenomenal. It has increased rather than diminished. Artistic and graceful, it has not made the mistake of being too "fancy." It is, above all, the one pattern no dealer should be without. Supplied to retailers by all leading jobbers SILVER. PLATE THAT WEARS 184T ROGERS BROS J The variety in design in -'1847 Rogers Brus." goods is shown in the sugar shells and tongs. The patterns so differ that the dealer finds it easy to satisfy the purchaser, whether the latter desires a severely plain style, one more elaborate, or something between. The choice in patterns is wide, but in quality the goods are what they were in 1847— the best. distributed to the public by progressive dealers THE SILVER STANDARD. FEBRUARY, 1847 Tfce giliwr Standard Established ix 1847 BY Rogers Bros. FEBRUARY, 1847. ECLIPSES IN 1 847 —This year there will be two eclipses of the sun and two of the moon. 1 — The moon will be partially eclipsed March 3 1 ; invisible at this place ; but visible to nearly the whole of the Eastern Continent. 2 — The sun will be totally eclipsed April 1 4 and 1 5 : invisible here. The line of cen- tral and total eclipse will pass over the In- dian Ocean and the northern part of Aus- tralia. 3 — The moon will be partially eclipsed Sep- tember 24 : invisible. 4 — The sun will be partially eclipsed Octo- ber 1 9 ; invisible at this place. This eclipse will be visible to the whole of Europe, nearly the whole of Asia and the northern part of Africa. VALENTINES- The custom of sending Valentines has become the means of offering the grossest insult, anonymously ; so much so as to lead many of our refined people to refuse to accept them, from the postman, or bearer, no matter how costly the missive may be. — (Ex- change. The Valentine ven- ders had but a sorry bus- iness of it this year. We are glad of this ; the system is contemptibly foolish, and there are a few other systems just as bad amongst us. We hope that our refined people will become sen- sible people, for as a general thing, those that are termed refined have a great number of fool- ish notions. INSTANCE OF GAMBLING-A colored fireman, run- ning on a steamboat be- i tween St. Louis and New Orleans, having lost all his money at I poker with his compan- j ions, staked his cloth- ing, and still being un- fortunate, pledged his own freedom for a small amount. Losing this, the bets were doubled, and he finally, at one desperate hazard, ven- tured his full value as a slave, and laid down his free papers to represent the stake. He lost, suffered his certificates to be destroyed— and was actually Fold by th= winner to a slave deal- er, who hesitated not to make a small dis- count upon his assessed value. GUN COTTON — It is stated that Isaac Meikle, of Camden, N. J., is applying gun cot- ton to the propulsion of machinery in his fac- tory. The engine is constructed on the plan of the ordinary horizon- tal steam engine, except there are two cylinders; one working in the other. The gun cotton i; ignited by electricity, engendered and applied in a novel manner. One person can run the engine. SILVER PITCH- ER-The friends of Neal Dow, Mayor of Portland, have present- ed to that gentleman an elegant silver pitcher for his course in reference to the Maine liquor law. The weather in Phil- adelphia on the 7 th of last month was so pleas- ant that the farmers commenced ploughing, and the steamboat Bal- loon was advertised to make a pleasure excur- sion to Garry's Ferry, but on the 8th, winter again set in, and the plough and the excur- sion were both arrested. The Legislatures of several of the states are now in session. In New York the atten- tion of that body is mainly engrossed by the Constitution. The en- tire debt of ?^ew York, as stated in the message of the Governor, is 124,724,080. Mr.W. H. Pres- cott's "History of Pe- ru," is passing through the press of the Harpei 3 as rapidly as possible, and will probably be given to the public by first of June. It is ar- ranged upcn the same general plan of the au- thor's "Conquest of Mexico," and will con- tain a preliminary view of the civilization of the Incas. DICKENS' A M E R I C A N NOTES-Mr. Dick- ens' account of his trav- els in the United States has at length appeared. Its feebleness and injus- tice are too apparent to need any comment. When Englishmen lose their national preju- dices; when travelling book-makers cease to find their profit in villi- fying the people whom they visit, or when the strange and hitherto un- witnessed spectacle of an English tourist of capacious mind, of stern integrity, and of liberal views is seen among us ; then, and not till then, may we hope to see our true picture issued from a London print-shop. We have said that the various writings of Mr. Dickens gave us no promise of a superior book of travels. They are among the lightest of the light reading of the day — the very whip -syllabub of literature. The features of the b^ok that strike the reader smind most prominently are its in- anit.- and imbecility. The style is the or- dinary style of Dickens; always diffuse, often lackadaisical, and some- times gross. AZTEC CHILDREN NOW EXHIBITED IN NEW YORK. The two extraordin- ary and interesting be- ings known as the "Az- tec Children," have for some considerable time exhibited in the city of New York, where thousands with interest i-ave sought to gratify their curiosity as to the probable origin and his- tory of these wonderful representatives of th : ancient Adam. It is asserted by Val- esquez, one of the prin- cipal conductors of the expedition which result- ed in the capture of these wonderful chil- dren, that ihcy consti- tute a portion cf the an- cient and peculiar order of priesthood called Kaanas, which it was distinctly asserted in the ancient annals of Ix- imaya had accompanied the first migration of this people from the Assyr- ian plains. Their peculiar and strongly distinctive line- aments, it is now per- fectly well ascertained are to be traced in many of the sculptured mon- uments of the Central American ruins, and were found still more abundantly on those of Iximaya. Forbidden, by inviol- ably sacred laws, from intermarrying with any persons but those of their own caste, they had here dwindled down, in the course of many centuries, to a few in- significant individuals, diminutive in stature, and imbecile in intellect. Such is the language of the conductors of the enterprise referred to — such the probable origin of these extraordinary representations of those who in Scriptural lan- guage were "called giants,' new re-appear- ing in what might be justly delineated as min - iature editions of hu- manity- Dagi-er;«o- typed specimens cf him who was created a little lower than the angel j." The origin of these little strangers must, we think, remain for the present involved in an obscurity which time and future discoveries can alcne remove. The boy measures about thirty-two inches in height, and the girl twenty-nine. They are finely formed, and deli- cately fashioned in pro- portion to the reduced -U.Z arc natural confor- mation which distin- guish their structures. Their color is of the Spanish, or rather more of the Mexican com- plexion ; the hair black and silken in its appear- ance, slightly inclined to curl, yet glossy and beautiful. In the relations which have placed them to- gether, and in those as- sociations where cus- tom and habit would seem to produce a com- munity cf interest and a kindred sympathy, there appears but little affin- ity. DANIEL WEB- STER AND THE WAR-Who doubts the motives of the God - like Daniel in opposing the war and charging it upon the President? No one. All well know that he is seeking to become the next can- didate for the Presiden- cy. He is constantly opposing the war, de- claring it was made by the President, and the whole federal party are endeavoring to back him up in this false as- sertion. But they con- not make the people believe it. The vote of the Senate and the House of Representa- tives in May last puts the lie to the assertion. He condemns the war and considers it unjust and oppressive on our part, and at the same lime encourages his own son in raising a com- pany of volunteers for the very purpose of prosecuting what he condemns. O consist- ency. PRINTERS FOR THE WAR— It is stated that in the first Pennsylvania regiment of volunteers there are no less than fifty print- ers. In every company they are represented. This looks well for the patriotism of the frater- nity. SUN'S EXPRESS ENTERPRISE OF NEW YORK PAPER. No agency has work- ed such tremendous re- sults in civilization as steam. The transit of merchandise over the water, cr on the land is now transacted with an amazing rapidity. Even Watts himself could not have thought of the gi- gantic influence he was bringing to bear when he brought out his im- provement. Posterity appreciate his genius, and Great Britain is erecting a great statue to his memory. Few people have the remotest idea of the expenses incurred in the obtaining of early news. Independent of the usual mails, and the immense outlay for Tel- egraphic correspon- dence and other numer- ous sources, the New York Sun has in the course of five years ex- pended the large amount of $20,000 in running cteam expresses. This enterprise is one of the secrets of the Sun's suc- cess. RECALL OF GEN. TAYLOR It is confidently stated by those whose position gives them an opportu- nity cf knowing what is going on in official quar- ters, that Gen. Taylor has been recalled from the field of operations in Mexico, that he will retire on the arrival of Gen. Scott at head- quarters, and that he has been ordered to Washington immediate- ly on his return to the United States. They go so far as to predict his arrival here by the middle of February. For our country's sake we hope that these giv- ings out will prove un- true. ?N American is an aristocrat to the backbone, and would rather gaze upcn "a real live lord" than any other order of created mortal. From " Old England and Neto England. " Eli Whitney, of New The National Era, The last and most lm- Two whales, each It is very clear that Haven, Conn., is man- says as a general rule, portant case lately making, or being made fears are entertaineoj of ufacturing 1000 of married women should brought before the Troy j about 15 barrels of oil, a return in the United Colt's revolving pistols insist upon coming to Police Court was that j were taken off South- States to the policy of for the government. It's Washington with their of an " assault and bat- i hampton, L. I., last protecting American an ill wind, etc. husbands. tery with intent to kick." week. Industry. FEBRUARY. Give no bills in which February' is included, in respect of its being so short. Never pull your shirt collars so high as to run the risk of being hanged by the ears. A bad month for hanging yourself put it off. Eat as much as you can. If anybody make you a handsome pres- ent -take it — and fear not. One of your friends will cut himself shaving — seek not to know which ; pry not into the secrets of des- tiny. CJje guiltier g>tantiat:ti ESTABLISHED IN 1847 BY ROGERS BROS. Vol. II. No. 2 APRIL, 1847. Five < !ents. THE EVILS OF PRESENT TARIFF FUTILE EXPLANATIONS ATTEMPTED SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY WALKER MAKES ABSURD STATEMENTS IN HIS REPORT. We have a report The following com- from Secretary Walker parison is given cf the on the subject of the receipts into the Custom Tariff in answer to a House at the places resolution of the Senate, named, for the first This document, like all fifty-five days of the others emanating from last and present year, the same source, dis- to wit: 1846. Boston, $674,107 New York, 1,971,405 plays the most consum- mate ignorance of the first principles which govern the subject upon which the Secretary i Philadelphia, 299,708 | undertakes to give ad- Baltimore, 43,061 TO PREVENT R. R. ACCIDENTS NEW INVENTION THAT PROMISES MUCH DEVICE THAT. IT IS EXPECTED, WILL KEEP TRAINS FROM RUNNING OFF THE TRACK. Charleston, 41,176, $3,029,457 1847. vice to the Senate Instead of examining his subject with States- man-like views, and coming out manfully Bostorli $862,494 and proposing an in- New York. 2,374,827 ! crease of duties that would stimulate the in- dustry of the country and augment its powers of consumption, so as to insure a demand for foreign productions commensurate to such power; he goes into comparisons of the im- ports of 1845 and 1 846, predicating all his reasoning upon the Philadelphia, 341,003 Baltimore, 89,900 Charleston, 61,892 $3730177 Mrs. Jane C. Wash- ington, present owner of the estate cf George Washington, is willing now to dispose of 1 50 acres, inclusive of th< JOHN QUINCY ADAMS, whose eloquence and physical pow- " ers are remarkable, will be 80 years of age on the I 1 th of next July. Mr. Adams was born in Braintree, in Massachusetts, in that part of the town which has since been set off and incorporated by the name of Quincy, on Saturday, July 1 1th, I 767. Mr. Adams is still in equable health and vigorous, and walks with a short but firm and elastic step, and remains in perfect possession of all his intellectual faculties. He has a residence in Washington, and generally stays there until May, though the session may have closed before. In the summer and autumn he remains in his ancestral man- sion at Quincy. May he continue yet many years in the land he has so long hon- ored, and go down to future time under that affectionate and vener- able title, accorded by his country—" THE OLD MAN ELO- QUENT." The village of S t . I Many of the team- i The people of Con- Joseph in Missouri, ] sters in Maine have necticut have defeated amounts of the different buildings, grounds, and j which ten years ago I pledged themselves in the proposed amend- articles imported, upon | tombs, to the Govern- j was hardly known as j combination that they ment to the Constitution the rates of duty; a' ment for $100,000. I a settlement, now con- will not haul or convey providing that colored though the quantity of Congress should buy it. I tains 1 ,000 people. any ardent spirits. men may vote goods imported depend- ed upon such rates, when every tyro in po- litical economy knows that demand and supply are the great regulators of trade of all kinds, foreign and domestic. Now, it is a fact well known that the Tariff of 1846 has di- minished, and it will continue to diminish, the number of artificers and manufacturers; for the very reason, that, as Mr. Walker states, at lower duties it por- duces an increased rev- enue by supplanting articles made at home with similar importa- tions from abroad. It is very much to be feared that the contin The annexed engrav- ing is a view cf an im- provement in Railroads, by Robt. Mills Civil Engineer and Archi- tect, Washington, D. C, the object cf which is to attain a very high speed, and at the same tim? prevent accidents by running off the track, or by collisions. Two trains are shown run- ning in opposite direc- tions. This plan of railroad is proposed for the "New Pacific Line. " At an early period in the history cf railroads in the United States Mr. Mills turned hir attention to this subject, and recently hasbecome again interested in it by the many serious acci- dents which have taken place in vanous parts of our country. The general charac- ter of this plan of rail- road may be judged by the picturesque view. It will be seen that each way consists of but a single track elevatad above the ground, so that the cars suspended on each side of the track will be so far ele- vated as not to be sub- ject to the lead possible interruption. The cars instead of being sup- ported by the axle, as now, are suspended from the axle, on each side of the rails, the wheels running dupli- cate on the top of the rails, and, having a broad fulcrum of sixteen or eighteen inches base to sustain the cars in equalibrium, any differ- ence of the load on either side of the rails will not effect its verti- cal position ; but to meet any exigency another rail, one on each side, is placed sideways against the upright pil- lars at the bottom line of the cars, which, by means of friction rollers placed on the lowest in- ner edge of the cars, will insure the vertical position of the carriage, and thus the motion of the cars will be easy and free from change. We hope much from this. TELEGRAPHIC FEAT-On the 1st inst., the train of cars on the Utica and Al- bany line, N. Y., ran off the track at Fonda, when Mr. Porter, of the Telegraph at Utica, being one of the passen- gers, sprang from the car and cut one of the wires, and sent an ac- count of the accident to Utica. This was done by grasping the cut wires with some non-con- ducting substance be- tween the fingers, and bringing the two wires in contact to complete the break of the BLACK. NOSES ; ary shall procure a cer- 1 removed, until time thoroughly black and for the purpose of per FOR CONVICTS tain chemical dye, such j shall wear it away, and renew the application mitting nature to restore cuit, and thus actu ued heavy drafts upon A resolution has been as will stain the cuticle nature furnish a new as often as necessary to to the feature its original ate the pen lever at Great Britain for specie introduced into th? or outer surface of the cuticle or surface; and keep it so, until one hue, preparatory to the Utica, making it write will cause a financial Kentucky Legislature, skin perfectly black, so that with this dye he month cf the expiration second advent of its the message. A jour- crisis there, which will which provides that the that it cannot be wash- shall have the nose of of his sentence when it owner into the world, nalistic and telegraphic inevitably reactupon us. keeper of the Penitenti- ed off, or in any way each convict painted shall be discontinued, Surely a novel plan. feat worth recording. We arc indebted to American Review, Hampden Post, Scientific American and others of the " 1 847 " period for materia] in this issue. Meriden, Conn., April, 1906-MERIDEN BRITANNIA CO.— International Silver Co.. Successor. 1&4T KOGERS BROS SILVER- PLATE THAT WEARS 1 No. 3050. SILK COVERED CASE. For some time there has been a demand for something not so costly as our oak or mahogany chests of silver and yet more elaborate than our combination sets in lined boxes. Our new case, which is reproduced in the illustration, we believe will supply this long-felt want. It is silk covered, a rich dark green in color and very handsome. It is appropriately lined and contains twenty-six pieces — six of our No. 12 solid steel knives, six medium forks, six table spoons, six tea spoons, butter knife and sugar shell, listing complete for $21.50. The jeweler who carries a complete line of "1847 Rogers Bros." silver ware will desire a number of these cases, while the small dealer who has not found it advisable to carry our chests in stock may find in them a satisfactory compromise. Beauty is one of the essentials of silverware. Silver must have something more than use- fulness to recommend it; it must attract. But it must do more than that. It must invite a close examination of the details of its design. Silver that bears the trade-mark, " 1847 Rogers Bros.", looks well on the counter of the dealer and welcomes critical inspection. Supplied to retailers by all leading jobbers IlKf rwpel&I ■ 18 47 ROGERS BKOS 1 Its beauty alone will not sell silverware. While some persons who desire to purchase have little definite "knowledge to guide them, it is true that more and more the buying public insists on getting goods of established reputation, guaranteed by well-known trade-marks. For sixty years "1847 Rogers Bros." has been recognized as standing for the best in silver plated ware. 'Distributed to the public by progressive dealers 1847 — THEN*- -THK SILVER STANDARD- -now— 1900 TR*r>E — "1847 Rogers Bros." — mark THEN— 1847 — AND— 1906— NOW. Established in 1847 by Rogers Bros. issued by Meriden Britannia Co., Meriden, Ct. (International Silver Co., Successor.) Vol. II— No.2. APRIL, 1906. 5 Cents WHAT J 847 STANDS FOR. Our object in publishing The Silver Stand- ard is to emphasize the " 1847" in our " 1847 Rogers Bros." trade-mark. We shall not attempt to deny that such is our purpose. We desire to lay stress upon the fact that 1847 was fifty-nine years ago; that in that year the process of electro-silver plating was discovered by Rogers Bros., and that the fifty-nine years of exist- ence between 1847 and 1906 have been years of growth and progress. Now, a man may live to be sixty years old and be able to show little or no reason — so far as his value to the world goes — why he should live a sin- gle year longer. Thatisn t the case, and from the very nature of things can't be the case, with a busi- ness. If a man fails to "make good," if he can't take care of himself, some- " It shows what advertising will do," perhaps you say. But it does n't. Advertising is an important part of modern business methods, but its importance does not compare with the importance of keeping the goods advertised up to the recognized standard, the result of honest material and skilled workmanship. Advertising will sell goods, but no amount of advertising will continue their sale if they prove unworthy. Silverware bearing the "1847 Rogers Bros." trade-mark has been sold for almost sixty years, and — what is espe- cially significant — the demand has been con- stantly increasing, so that in 1905 more " 1847 Rogers Bros." goods were sold than ever before. That in brief is what 1847 means to us, and we publish The Silver Standard for the purpose of calling attention to the significance of the date. But The Standard means more than a mere finger post. We take a very gen- body else will look out for him. As a last resort, the almshouse or the jail will be re- quired to do it. If a business fails to "make good," it dies. Mere existence for sixty years means a great deal. Existence with ever-growing reputation means infinitely more. Every year finds the reputation of " 1847 Rogers Bros." decidedly enhanced. The buying public have been taught by experience to look for the trade-mark. They have come to realize that all "Rogers" goods are not " 1847 Rogers Bros." goods. They appreciate the significance of the complete trade-mark. uine pleasure in its publication, none the less that it requires time, thought and energy. For one thing, it stands for an amount of research the extent of which might surprise one unaccus- tomed to such matters. We have striven to make The Standard sufficiently broad in scope and accurate in de- tail to depict, in some degree at least, condi- tions as they existed in 1847 and the period covering the last of the first half and the be- ginning of the second half of the nineteenth century — an interesting and important chapter in our history, marked by acquisition of new ter- ritory and by progress along industrial, scien- tific and literary lines. SPRINKLER BARREL-LIKE AFFAIR THAT LAID THE DUST ON STREETS IN 1847 PERIOD, A water sprinkler may afford a somewhat homely illustration of the progress made during the years since 1847, nevertheless we believe the accompanying illustrations will prove of general interest. One represents a sprinkler invented by Mr. J. D. Price, of Smithsburg, Washington Co., Maryland, and secured to him by patent. It is described as follows : " The machine consists of a water vessel by which the water is carried and from which it is drawn by force pumps; the latter being operated by the revolving vessel, expelling the water in a shower through nu- merous perforations in a curved pipe at the hinder end of the machine, thus sprinkling a broad strip of ground as the machine is drawn forward. "The water vessel is most conveniently built like a cask for holding liquids, of staves suitably hooped upon two heads. " The water vessel is furnished with a bung hole through which it can be filled, the connecting rods are disengaged from their crank pins and the machine drawn to the place where the water is to be sprinkled. The connecting rods are then put in gear, and as the machine is drawn forward, the pump pistons being driv- en by the revolving vessel, eject the water forci- bly through the perforations in the curved pipe to a considerable distance on each side of the machine. "This machine, from the simplicity of its parts and its efficiency is particularly applica- ble to the watering of the streets of cities, and as the water which constitutes the great weight of the machine is rolled forward in the revolv- ing vessel but comparatively little power is required to perform the work." The lower cut shows an up-to-date ma- chine, the electric car sprinkler, in operation. While our grandfathers may have been as well off as we are along some lines, in the matter of street sprinklers their equipment cer- tainly was a bit primative. Even the old fashioned "sprinkling cart," which the electric car has not yet wholly driven from the field, is considerably ahead of the low, bairel-like affair invented over half a century ago. In its humble way the modern sprinkler typifies the advancement made in the mechan- ical world since 1847. In 1847 there were about 1,555 news- papers and periodicals in the United States. To-day there are nearly 21,600 newspapers, about 2,300 being dailies. 1847— THEN- -THE SILVER STANDARD -Now— 1906 CHICAGO "There are four daily and seven weekly, one semi-monthly, and two monthly news- papers published in Chicago." Another magazine of the period, "Glea- son's Pictorial," printed the following: "Unlike the majority of our lake cities, there is but little in the situation of Chicago which would seem to recommend it to the founders of a city. It lies on the edge of a broad and extensive prairie, broken by scarce- ly a stray knoll or scattered rising. "And yet ait has done much to make GLANCE AT THE CITY AS IT WAS IN 1847 AND A LOOK INTO THE FUTURE. That we should find a striking contrast between the Chicago of to-day and the city of 1847 is to be expected. The true Chicagoan amends for the natural flatness and uniformity thinks of his city's phenomenal growth with of the situation in which Chicago is placed. the complacent matter-of-factness of a dweller Unlike most of its brethren of the lakes it in a superior world. He expects others to won- I would seem to have been laid out with more der at it, but as for him, it is only the natural than an ordinary attention to appearance. course of events ; for, is it not Chicago and is Along the shore which fronts Lake Michigan not Chicago —well, Chicago? To the dwell- runs a fine and broad walk planted with ers in other cities, however, if not to Chicago's young trees. Here it is lined with graceful people themselves, the two pictures on this page dwellings, and there a square lies back from it will prove of interest. One shows the Lab Front as it appeared more than half a cen- tury ago, while the low- er cut gives an idea of the Lake Front of to- day, with the Audito- rium and Annex in the foreground. Even back in 1847 Chicago was no "mean city." Great things were expected of her. " Fish- er's National Maga- zine," a publication of that time, speaks of her as follows : "Among the towns and cities of the western country whose magic rise, progress, and rapid development during the brief space of a few years have excited the astonishment not only of our own countrymen, but enlisted great interest abroad, the city of Chicago, the principal commercial town of Illinois, may be pointed to, as challenging the history of our whole country for a parallel, considering the short time since it emerged from the chrysalis condition of a trading post, and became the city it now is. " Chicago is situated on the southwestern border of Lake Michigan, in Cook County, and is the eastern terminus of the Illinois and Michigan Canal. Its site is level, yet with sufficient elevation to secure it against the dan- gers of inundation from the waters of the lake, its harbour is good, and the country in every direction around it considered the finest in the West. Rolling prairies of the most fertile description commence within a few miles of the city. " There are fourteen religious societies and associations, and seven churches. There is, also, a medical college, a Young Men's Asso- and navigable canal which contains the ship- ping, which already turns into Chicago a great portion, if not nearly the whole, of the com- merce of the lake. This, however, is scanty, as railroads have been gradually linking this city with every part of the Union, and making it one of the great centers of Western traffic." Today this city of "nearly or quite 17,000," not content with her wonderful growth (the last census gave her 1,698,575 inhabitants) is suspected of dreaming dreams and seeing visions in which she is to play a still more wonderful role. According to a Chicago correspondent of a prominent New York publication, "the time is less than a generation distant when the Cen- tral West will have votes enough to disre- gard the East. When that time comes the Na- tional Government will be instructed to build the 30- foot channel from the Great Lakes to the sea, the plans for which are already drawn, not to bring in but to take out its pro- ducts. Lake Michigan will thus be made prac- tically an arm of the sea, and then Chicago ex- pects to become the- metropolis of the world." The correspondent continues : " People talk today of billions as glibly as they spoke of millions a decade ago. Yet even so, it rather takes one's breath away to be told that Chicago's wholesale trade last year aggregated $1,481,000,000— an increase of 300 per cent, in three years ; that the live stock sales footed up $300,000,000 more, and that the value of with its broad flat patch of verdure shaded with foliage ; and though not yet completed elation, a Mechanics' Institute, a Lodge of Odd \ and laid out as it will doubtless be at some Fellows, and an Independent Order of Rec- j future day, the walk promises to make Chicago hibites. The military and fire departments are I one of the fairest of the numerous cities which well organized, and there are various charitable i are everywhere scattered upon the shores of associations. ' the lakes. "A Hydraulic Company supplies the city j "A stream which runs into the lake at one with water drawn from Lake Michigan. j end of the city has been widened into a broad the products manufactured within the outer belt line, an area of thirty-eight miles square, aggregated $1,314,000,000, making a grand total of $3,095,000,000 as the amount of the year's business." Such is the Chicago of 1906 — "the princi- pal commercial town of Illinois" in 1847; the town with "four daily, seven weekly, one semi- monthly and two monthly newspapers." This is a reading age and it is a busy age. These two facts combine to make adver- tising a very important element in the mercantile world — and in the selling of silverware. The dealer who sells " 1847 Rogers Bros." goods is helped by the makers' extensive round-the-year advertising in over five hundred daily, weekly, and monthly publications. Supplied to retailers by all leading jobbers gT 1S4T KOGERS BROS # llVXfRwpEL&I~$ j — _ . L Beauty, reputation or advertising, or the three combined, might induce a purchase of silver- ware— once. But there must be something more than these to effect repeated sales. Every dealer knows what this " something more " is and, therefore, why it is that we emphasize the fact that "1847 Rogers Bros." is not wanting in the final test but is "Silver Plate that Wears." Meriden Britannia Co., Meriden, Connecticut MADE AND GUARANTEED BY (International Silver Co., Successor) NEW YORK HAMILTON, CANADA CHICAGO -HOLLOWWARE TRADEMARKS — | M I BICol (A*3j Iw^MOUn'ts' — HOLLOWWARE TRADEMARKS — ROGERS BROS. HP Distributed to the public by progressive dealers THE SILVER STANDARD, APRIL, 1847. The SilucrStandard Established IN 1847 BY Rogers Bros. APRIL, 1847. TEN-HOUR SYSTEM-The Manchester Democrat gives a case in point to show that employers are no losers in the ten- hour system. A rail- road contractor in that place, whose hands work only a ten-hour day, has a job of grading beside another that works on the old plan; the work and pay of the hands being equal. The ten-hour contract- or will have his jcb done in one hundred days work less than the other. A similar result is spoken cf in one cf tie Rhode Island pa- pers. PROMISING SONS OF DISTIN- GUISHED S1RES- Maj. Van Buren, son of the Ex-President, acted as aide to General Taylor at the siege cf Monterey. John C. Calhoun's son is aide to Maj. Gen. Gaines. Henry Clay's son is Lieut. Col. of a regi- ment of Kentucky vol- unteers. Daniel Web- ster's son is Capt. of a company of volunteers, and will be in Mexico soon. John J. Critten- den's son is Capt. in the new regiment of Mounted Riflemen. THE TELE- GRAPH-There are already 2,350 miles of telegraph wires in op- eration in the United States— about 700 of which are in a continu- ous line from Philadel- phia to Cincinnati. In the course cf a few months there will be 1 ,000 more, chiefly to the soutb and the south- west. There will then be one uninterrupted line of upwards of 3,000 miles in length, of instantaneous com- munication between the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf cf Mexico. Gen. Win field Scott is 61 years old. Dan- iel Webster is 66. T^HE railroad seat improvement as shown is the invention of C. P. 1 Bailey, of Zanesville, Ohio, who has taken measures to secure a patent for same. The chair has two backs, one for each passsenger on the seat, as is now the custom with railroad chairs. The leading features of it, how- ever, are quite different from the common railroad chairs, the backs of which fold ever on pivotted levers, while the backs of this chair do not fold over at all. It has the same advantages, however, as the folding back, and embraces some others. When it is desired that the backs of this chair should be changed from one side to the other of the seat, according to the direction of the train, or for any other reaton, they are merely pushed horizontally. A jcumalict has dis- covered that, all things considered, railways are very slow and be- hind the age. He says, that when he travels he blushes to think the message on telegraph flies like lightning, while he is lazily creeping on at 30 or 40 miles per hour. OMNIBUS BUSI- NFSS IN NEW YORK-This is a branch of business tne extent of which is scarcely to be imagined. It engages the attention of eighteen firms, with an aggregate capital of $730,000. The great- est number of coaches run by any one of the establishments is forty — the smallest is two. There are 326 coaches in all, the annual license money of which amounts to $5,9 1 9. The number of per- sons regularly employed is over 800 besides the work given to hun- dreds of artificers in coach factories in build- ing new vehicles. It is estimated that the re- pairs put on every om- nibus before it is finally condemned, cost more than its original price. The iron tires of the wheels are an inch thick, and yet they need renewing every two months. Is there not a most lucrative field here for investments in an Ele- vated Railway? C U N A R D STEAMERS AT JERSEY CiTY- Many readers will be gratified to learn, as we do from the proper authority, that the Hon. Samuel Cunard, and others, contractors with the Lord Commission- ers of the British Ad- miralty for the convey- ance of the mails be- tween Liverpool and New York, have at length made arrange- ments to make Jersey City the terminus of a line of steam packets. The associates of the Ferry Company have contracted to erect wharves and to build storehouses for that pur- pose; and these packet; will consequently land and receive their car- goes at that place. Not- withstanding the great outlay of money for docks, &c. say from $60,000 to $70,000 — it is thought to be a good investment for the company, and we rea- sonably anticipate from the arrangement decid- ed advantage for this flourishing community. 'Yankee Coach- makers," an English paper says, "are steal- ing a march upon our coachmakers. The Theodore Hook says Our armies in Mexi- The census-taker of Of 1 38 males in the uniqueness and light- of railroads and steam- , co have been instructed Cincinnati reports un- Connecticut State Pris- ness of their build has boats "they annihilate [ to furnish their own der the head of "City on 84 declare intern- occasioned a quick sale space and time, not to j provender. They are Avocations, eleven perance to be the cause for some carriages late- mention a multitude of I to take their rations out gentlemen, one loafer, of their present confine- ly brought here." passengers." I of the Mexican bacon, and forty-two thieves. ment and degradation. In the Massa- chusetts Secreta- ry's Annual Re- port we find that in the whole State, Boston excluded, there have been 5263 marriages in the year. This was an increase of 400 over the previous year. As Congress has now adjourned, we hope tohear of few- er political speech- es being made and mo-e political cap- ital, in the shape of common sense, invested in the na- tional bank cf all par ties. The Covington Iron Works of Baltimore have failed and thrown 1 ,000 out of work. THE CHIFFON- ured are eagerly sought IER — In large towns for. Indeed, many a like London, Paris and sheet of paper so clean New York, the chif- and white, on which fonier abounds. In many a maiden writes New York they are al- her purest thoughts, is most exclusively Ger- made from the gather- man. Men and worn- ings of the Chiffonier. en, boys and girls sally out by daylight in the It is proposed to con- morning with a bag on | struct a Plank Road their shoulder, and a from Schenectady to Saratoga Springs, by way of Ballston. Books cf subscrip- tion will be open- ed on the first of December. Such a road cannot fail to be advantageous to the business in- terests of that city, as well as to the towns through which it may pass, and a good invest- ment to the stock- holders. Edwin Forrest, the tragedian, knocked down and cowhided N. P. Willis, the poet, last Monday even - basket in one hand to ing, at the Washington pick up the offal in the Parade Ground. streets — bones, scraps of paper and old rags, The sportsmen around with broken glass, old Buffalo are now mak- iron, and everything ing great havoc among that can be manufact- wild pigeons. A CHIFFONIER. OH, LADIES! A writer on America, in an English periodical says: — " We admired, as every one must, the pretty faces and figures of the New York ladies. But it is a pity that they follow the abomi- nable practice of chew- ing the gum of the spruce fir, which no doubt is the cause of the early loss of their teeth. It is a most un- becoming habit. The jaw is kept in perpetual motion, like that of a cow ruminating." Ladies, do you chew? GUTTA PER- CH A TIRES -We see it noticed in three or fcur of our Philadel- phia exchanges, that some tires of carriages have been made in that city of gutta percha. In our opinion no tire can equal one made of iron. BACHELORS- The bill lately intro- duced into the New York Legislature to tax bachelors seven dollars a year for the support of orphans, defines a bach- elor to be : " Every unmarried white male, unconvicted of crime, of good health, and fair physical propor- tions, and who is be- tween the ages of 29 and 56 years, shall be deemed an old bache- lor." SMALLEST HORSE YET-A pigmy horse, weighing only 45 pounds, the smallest one that ever lived, has been sent to General Tcm Thumb as a present from Java . It is a wonder, and the little General will find him a valuable acquisi- tion to his personal con- venience. There are 2,309 women attached to the American army in Mexico for washing, mending and attending to the sick. 'HE whole system is wrong from first to last — ^**k the construction of the cars— the total absence of even ordinary precaution, and want of the protec- tive hand of the government. From " Old England and Neew England. " TO BURN COAL LOCOMOTIVES BUILT FOR THAT FUEL. Mr. Winans, of Bal- timore, an eminent en- gineer, has lately con- structed twolocomotives for the Reading Rail- road, which have been built expressly to bum anthracite coal. We have been informed that they give great sat- isfaction to the com- pany. This is a ver.r important improvement on the furnaces, as it will enable them to use fuel of one-fourth the price of wood and will be a great saving. We can see no diffi- culty in the way of the general use of coal in the place of wood. It is but a few years since our engineers on the North River thought it impossible to dispense with their pitch pine firewood, and that it would take a week to go to Albany from New York with coal, but what has been the re- sult of the change? Why, quicker trips have been made this season than ever before on the Hudson. We do not say that this is all the result of substi- tuting coal for wood, but it proves that no diminution of speed has resulted from the change. Where wood is cheap, it is to be pre- ferred as a fuel, as there will not be such a wear of pipes and heating surface, an important consideration undoubt- edly in locomotives. "All the wrong of the war — all the evil of it- all the sorrow it may occasion belongs to Mr. Polk," says the Boston Atlas. What a vile slander upon Mr. Polk! The journal of the Sen- ate and the House of Representatives of May last shows that 40 out 42 of the former and 173 out of 187 of the latter voted that the war existed by the acts of Mexico. And now the Atlas and the Fed- eralists charge it en- tirely to Mr. Polk. A tombstone in Jer- sey bears the following epitaph: ' Died of thin shoes, January, 1839." A truthful epitaph we have no doubt. APRIL. Lie in bed all this month for fear of being made an April fool of. Many things happen in April. A good month to receive a legacy in, but don t reject a small one. Avoid bonnet-shops. A bad month to be bank- rupt in. CJje guiltier g>tantiarti ESTABLISHED IN 1S47 BY KOGERS BROS. Vol. II. No. 3. JUNE, L847. Five Cents. PRAISE FOR WORKING GIRLS LOWELL, MASS., YOUNG WOMEN ARE LITERARY ENGLISH CLERGYMAN SPEAKS IN HIGH TERMS OF FEMALE EMPLOYEES OF OUR FACTORIES. We have received, —of New England? by the arrival of the last Or, if not, is there any- steamer from England, thing essential to their a small book entitled state of employment "American Factories that should hinder them and their Operatives," frcm, at all events, as- by the Rev. Score:bv, piring to an improve- Vicar of Bradford, men t in their condition? Yorkshire. Of the city Certainly there is not. of Lowell he writes as " From all the infor- follows: malion 1 could obtain, "We proceeded to [tested by all available one of the factories that meansand received with we might see the factory ' all reasonable caution, workers as they came ! I have been led to infer out to their dinners. | that the character and Several hundreds of moral conduct of the young women, but not 'Lowell young women any children, issued are unusually high." from the miLs, alto- The Doctor goes on POST OFFICE NEEDS REFORM UNITED STATES IS BEHIND GREAT BRITAIN. ENGLISH PEOPLE CAN NOW SEND LET- TERS IN THEIR OWN COUNTRY FOR TWO CENTS! Of all the manifold I torted frcm an unwill- devices supplied by the ing legirlature and re- ingenuity cf man to pro- 1 luctant government the mote the progress of mat stupendous official LOWELL FACTORY GIRL. a tion, the idea of a Nationa I Po;t Office stands in the fore- most ranks cf import- refoim cf which the an- nals cf any civilized nation can afford an example, ance. Any individual cf Correspondence by the population cf the letter is speech at a dis- j United Kingdcm can tance. I now transmit a packet A tax upon letters, is, weighing half an cunce in fact, a tax upon to any other individual, speech. It is worse. It no matter how remote is a fine levied upon his position within the the affections. It is an country, at the cost cf "There is an entire by many, that the es- ladies have craduatec absence of all preten- 1 tablishment of our man- from the mill:?, and are j impost upon the love of two cents! sions in the writers to| ufactories requiring fe- not ashamed cf it. be what they are not. male labor would be Another considera- ther very orderly in to inquireinto the causes They are factory girls, most disastrous to health tion is that of wages. It their manner and very of the superior mora respectable in theirand intellectual condi- appearance. They tion of the Lowell fac were neatly dressed in tory girls, but in this wi They always call them- ' and morals, judging appears that a young selves 'girls.' They from the confinement Lo woman from the country have no desire to be , which females are sub- who is employed as a fine ladies, nor do they ! jected in English facto- spare hand, cr pupil, re- their persons, many with i cannot afford space to I call themselves 'ladies,' tries. It has, however, ceives besides her board, their hair nicely ar- .follow him further than ' as the common fashion produced no such re- 50 cents per week; and ranged, and not a few to give the first sentence is cf most American fe-j suits. It is stated on as she advances in presents a territory the dczen. The writer, with it flowing in care- 1 of that chapter, which j males. They have no authority, that in one knowledge and dili-i forming a large section however, has the cpticn fullv curled ringlets. All is in the words follow- affectations of gentility; mill in Lowell, 82 boys gence, she will receive cf the Globe inhabited | of paying the postage wore, being the height ing: land by a natural con- j and 405 girls have been from 75 cents to $1 by a sparse population, according to the above of summer, alight cal- "Concluding as we I sequence they are essen-j married in 18 years; and$l.50each week, separated by distances rates, when the letter is covered bonnet, or must do, if the forego- j nally free from all vul- ' and that in another mill. The average pay of all net to be traveled over, | delivered at the Pest kindred. It is a duty "enny stamps are is- laid upon friendship. It sued by the Post Office, is a penalty on com- coated with adhesive merce, an amercement matter at the back, by on the diffusion of ! which they are readily knowledge, and a drag and permanently at- on the progress of civil- tached to the letter, ization. i These are sold at thir- The United States teen-and-a-half pence n the female operatives, t the present time, is about $1 .93 per week, be- sides board; yet it sometimes happens that ence, so desirable to all they earn even ; becomes a want cf im $3and$4.0ut cf 50 girls, there were 24 who received sort of caleche, large ing researches and ob-garity." 1187 girls have b enough to screen the j servations be at all cor- 1 Mr. Dicken:, in his married in fi face, and with depend- respondent with the "American ent curtain to shield the facts, that the intellect- Notes," men- neck and shoulders, jual, moral and religious t i o n s the Many wore veils, and condition of the female "Lowell Offer- some carried silk para- operativesof Lowell isof ing," of which sols. | a very unusual and sup- 1 he says: "I "Lowell, for the erior order — the inquiry brought away amusement of its 25,- as to how these bene- from Lowell 000 of total population, ficial effects are pro- foui hundred produces one daily duced becomes as good solid newspaper, two thrice interesting as it is im- pages, which I a week, and six weekly portant." have read from besides the clever peri- We have two wit- beginning to odical conducted by nesses to offer in proof end. Of the the factory girls, the of the justness of Mr. merits cf the 'Lowell Offering, Scoresbys views. 'Lowell Offer - which is a monthly The first is Mr . ing," as a liter- publication." Knight, the English ary production The Doctor here in- editor of a work called 1 will only ob- troduces an extract from "Mind Among the ; serve, putting the " Lowell Offering" Spindles." published in entirely out of which, after reading, he London, and reprinted sight the fact of goes on to say: "Now in Boston. In his intro- the articles hav- which of our factory duction he reviews the ing been writ- operatives could write several articles he pub- ten by these such a description and lishes, all of which are girls after the story as that? Yet why bona fide the produc- arduous labors should they not? Are tion of young women of the day, that lh»y inferior in natural of Lowell who work it will compare advan- 1 and that 28 have been! saving intelligence or in mental in the factories and tageously with a great married from one room The usual pay per d; abilities to their sisters who edit and write for many English annuals." in a single year. Some ! for an overseer is $2 almost their own sisters the " Lowell Offering. ", It has been supposed wealthy and fashionable per day; and the aver- even by the aid of the Office, marvelous powers of The necessity of steam, in less time than radical reform being can be expressed by; conceded, it is for the weeks. Among such general Government people, correspond- and the Legislature to consider whether it be more consistent with policy and wis- dom to adopt, with suitable modifications, the system which has produced the results so satisfactory in Gre a t Britain, or to adopt a new system. penous urgency. Now, in England, the people have risen, and with one consen- * i i P.er:taneous voice uttered week, besides meir will in accents neither to be mistaken ncr resisted, and ex- board; but these cases were extraor- dinary'- Yet, as an evidence age pay cf male opera- although they are en of the thrift and fives at the present time abled to acquire sub- prosperity of is not far from 85 cents sistence by their own many of the per day, besides their labor from the soil, arc, operatives itjboard, and that cf the as a general fact, in- may be men- ; females, upon regular competent, frcm their tioned that the | work, is little less than circumstances, to p.o- factory girls of Lowell have about $100,- OOOin the ins- titution f or that city. $2 per week, beside 'cure any surplus of their board. i money fcr their families; The females who are and hence it happens employed in the manu- that the daughters are facturing establishments willing to enter the of Lowell are generally mills in order to prccuie the daughters cf indus- the conveniences that trious farmers in thejthe work in the facto- surrounding region, who ries affords. We are indebted to Graham's Magazine, New York Sun, Fisher's Magazine and others of the * 1847 " period for material in this issue. Meriden, Conn., June, 1906— MERIDEN BRITANNIA CO.— International Silver Co., Successor. t 184T KOGEKS BKOS 'SILVEFL. PLATE THAT WEARS ^ Actual Size MERIDEN SILVER POLISH Almost as important as the selection of the right brand of ware is the choice of the Silver Polish. With proper care silver plated ware should retain its beauty and usefulness for many years, but the right kind of Polish is absolutely essential. There are polishes that remove tarnish quickly, but injure the goods and leave no lustre. Others leave a lustre by sacrificing the silver and do not clean quickly. Still others will clean ordinary silver in regular use quickly, but spoil the lustre on the new goods. Every dealer should have for sale Meriden Silver Polish, which, unlike any other, is so balanced in its chemical mixture that it cleans quickly and without damage all classes of silverware, leaving in each case a beautiful lustre. This preparation is neither a hard soap nor a loose powder, but is in a thick paste form, holding an even consistency, and always convenient for use. It is put up in attractively decorated metal boxes, and enclosed in handsomely printed wrappers, embossed in gold, and packed one dozen in a carton. The fact that we recommend this Polish is a guarantee that we consider it the best preparation ever produced for the purpose intended. Meriden Britannia Co., Meriden, Connecticut MADE AND GUARANTEED BY (International Silver Co., Successor) NEW YORK HAMILTON, CANADA CHICAGO — HOLLOWWARE TRADEMARKS — |MI RICol \ A] wS^MOUNTS — HOLLOWWARE TRADEMARKS- ROGERS BR08. SQlJEREPI Supplied to retailers by all leading jobbers The berry season and the wedding season are both at hand. It would be an exacting purchaser who could not find in the " 1847 Rogers Bros." brand a satisfactory piece. A few suggestions in your local advertising regarding the desirability of Berry Spoons and other "1847 Rogers Bros." silverware for wedding presents would not be amiss. cDistributed to the public by progressive dealers 1847 — THEN- -THK SILVER STANDARD now— 1906 '1847 Rogers Bros." — ma THEN — 1847 — AND — 1906 — NOW. Established in 1847 by Rogers Bros. issued BY Meri den Britannia C<>.,Meriden, Ct. {InternatioDal Silver Co., Successor.) Vol. II— No. 3. JUNE, 1906. 5 Cents graphs deal with Mr. Longworth and his champagne and the United States' first mail steamer, which sailed June 1, 1847. The in- vention of threaded bank note paper furnishes an important item. On the fourth page is a comparison of the San Francisco of 1906 with that of 1847, in which year Yerba Buena assumed its present name. San Francisco then had about 500 inhabitants. The year following came the discovery of gold that turned so many toward California. The article on "Cotton" on Page 5 is to emphasize only one fact, viz : that manufactures J in the oouth had attained to considerable im- The "rare June day" is with us again, portance in 1847. The subject is an interest- Those of us whom fate has placed in New ing one but space forbade anything but the England have not been loath to bid winter fare- most superficial treatment. well and have welcomed spring as a time in [ We wish to thank those of our readers which to thaw out. Now that summer sue- , who have written to us expressing interest in ceeds spring we have almost forgotten the The Standard. We appreciate commendation drifts and draughts of dreary winter. We have devoted a good deal of space on the first page of this issue to the work- ing girls of Lowell — the mill hands of 1847 — who found relaxation from man- ual labor by dab- bling in literature. A single literary factory girl is worthy of an extended description, but in Lowell sixty years ago there were enough of them to furnish all the copy for a magazine, the " Lowell Offering." Lucy Larcom began her career while a Lowell mill hand as a contributor to the " Offering." BETORE THE DISCOVERY OF GOLD VIEW OF SAN FRANCISCO IRE THE DISCOVE COPYRIGHT BY W. P. SWASEY. C. I'. HEIKIMM-.R, ASNlONKK, S.\H FRANU9C0, CAI» The last page, it will be seen, is concerned to no small extent with fashion, having articles on " Dandies," " Changes in Fashion" and an 1 847 fashion joke. Other entertaining para- and we welcome suggestions, although, of course, we do not pledge ourselves to follow the latter. We will try to answer any ques- tions that may be asked us regarding 1847. SAN FRANCISCO THE YERBA BUENA OF 1847 AND THE CITY AS IT APPEARS IN THE YEAR 1906, It was in 1 847 that Yerba Buena ("Good Herb") became known as San Francisco. There were in that year " some 500 inhabi- tants— 450 probably Americans and 300 of these Mormons." It was also in 1 847 that the " Sons of New England " met at the house of Mr. Lincoln in Yerba Buena, where pub- lic worship was performed, followed by a " New England dinner " — the first public observance of Thanksgiving Day in California. " There are now eight American newspapers regularly published in Mexico, viz: * * * one at Monterey (California), and a Mormon paper at Yerba Buena," re- marked a paper printed in May, 1847. The total value of exports for the quarter ending December 3 1 , 1 847, amounted to $49,597.53; the value cf imports for the same period was $53,589- .73. " Yerba Buena will assuredly be a great commercial em- porium," declared a letter writer in 1847. Said Hunt's Maga- zine : "From its posi- tion and extent the city and port must be- come the depot of all the produce of the great rivers and val- leys. It will also be- come the great naval station of the Pacific. The rapidity of the growth of this place, we are confident in stating, will far sur- pass that of our most prosperous western cities." At the beginning of the present year San Francisco's population numbered 500,000 and at the present ratio of increase it will reach three quarters of a million by the time the next national census is taken. Bank clearings in 1905 amounted to $ 1 ,834,549,- 788; real estate sales, $74,926,065; build- ing contracts, $21,941,595; imports, $44,- 339,611; exports, $64,918,505; tonnage in harbor, 6,200,000 tons. Three trans-continental railroads reach San Francisco and another is in process of construction. The Pacific cable connects with all Oriental ports. 1 he view of Yerba Buena given above is certified to be "a faithful, accurate represen- tation as it really appeared in March, 1847." The lower picture shows the San Francisco of to-day, looking toward the bay instead of from it, as is the case in the cut above. 18467 .' MM! >IUH OUT er SWfl The above description of San Francisco was in type when the news came of the destruction of the city by the combined forces of earthquake and fire. 1847 — THEN- -THE SILVER STANDARD- -Now — 191)0 COTTON THE SOUTH, BACK IN 1847, WAS MAKING A NAME IN MANUFACTURES, We hear much, these days, about the "new South" — new industrially. But is the indus- trial South so new, after all? Is it not the re- vivified rather than the "new" South? When we begin to look for facts and figures in the history of cotton manufactures, for instance, we come upon some very interesting information along that line. Statistics are often dry and cotton statistics, from the nature of the ma irial with which they deal, may be regarded as even dryer than the ordinary, but, swallowing 1847, declared: "There is at this moment an energy in the investment of capital for manu- facturing purposes in the Southern states which will soon place the South in a position per- fectly independent of the Northern states or Europe, for the supply of at least the coarse and medium styles of cotton goods. Factories are springing up in every Southern state." The paper then goes on to speak of a factory in progress of erection at Charleston which was to contain 3,000 spindles and 100 looms, the machinery to be driven by steam power. "The South will shortly make all her own cotton cloth," the Scientific American con- tinues, "and we may yet see the time when the cotton shall only leave the plantation in the form of cloth. * * * We may with- out any prophetic claims advise our Northern manufacturers to look more to investments in woolen manufactures. From different sources we have accounts of the great activity in the The illustration of the Old Plantation Gin House and Screw is from D. A. Tompkins' book, "Cotton and Cotton Oil." It is copyrighted and is used by permission. The lower cut shows a Modern Cotton Treating Plant and is used by per- mission of the Technical World Magazine. within a few years, and her capitalists and men of enterprise are directing their energies to the development of the real resources of that section of the Union. Millions of dollars have been invested in manufacturing establish- ments, and other millions will soon take the same direction. "Little Delaware, we are assured, has already a greater number of manufacturing establishments, in proportion to her population, than any other state in the Union. Maryland has invested $45,000,000, and soon will have railroads in operation to the extent of five hun- dred miles. North Carolina has five hundred miles of railroads completed or in progress — while even in South Carolina, where, until re- cently, manufacturers were ridiculed or de- nounced, several extensive factories are now in active progress and successful operation. "Florida, young as she is, has $4,000,000 invested in railroads and manufactories — while Georgia has invested $5 5,000,000 and lias upwards of seventy cotton factories in the full tide of successful experiment. "Alabama, Mississippi, Missouri, Arkan- sas, Kentucky and Tennessee, are also ani- mated by the same spirit. Mississippi has fifty-three cotton factories, while Missouri has invested in internal improvements, mines and manufactories the enormous sum of $85,000,- 000." In 1851 North Carolina had thirty-eight mills in operation, consuming annually 20,- 000 bales of cotton, turning out manufactured product valued at $83 1 ,000. The same year Georgia had thirty-five mills, capital, $1,735,000; operating 60,000 spindles and consuming 20,230 bales per annum. South Carolina had eighteen mills, consuming 10,- 000 bales, capital invested, $857,000; Ten- nessee, thirty factories, 30,000 spindles, 700 looms, consuming 15,000 bales; Alabama, twelve factories, 15,580 spindles, 300 looms, consuming 5,000 bales. De Bow's " Industrial Resources of the South and West" for 1852 quotes a speaker at "the last fair of the American Institute at all prejudices, a plunge into the figures be- low we believe will prove of considerable profit to the reader. According to the Baltimore Manufac- turers' Record, there was, last year, capital amounting to $225,000,000 invested in cotton mills in the South ; there were 9,205,949 spindles and 2,163,000 cotton bales were used. These figures do indeed indicate, as is claimed for them, "an enor- mous upbuilding and great prosperity" of the Southland. But back in 1847 the Industrial Giant was beginning to stretch himself and awake to the great possibilities before him. The American Quarterly Register of that time speaks of eight large cotton manufactories in South Carolina, while in Georgia there were thirty-two cotton factories in operation, employing in their building and working $2,000,000 and 3,000 hands ; the value of goods turned out being $1,500,000! A Georgia paper in 184 7 predicted that "Georgia and Tennessee are destined to become the great manufacturing states of the South, if not of the Union." The Scientific American of November 13, erection of cotton factories in old Vir- ginia, Georgia and Alabama, and we perceive by the Franklin, La., Banner that good ma- chinists, blacksmiths, coopers and mechanics of every description are wanted to come and settle there." The same paper, two years later printed the following : "The South has indeed roused herself New York" to the effect that there are " said to be upwards of 250 cotton mills south of Mason and Dixon's line." While the industrial awakening of recen years is so great that the name, "the new South," may be justified, it is well to remem- ber that the South sixty yeais ago had begun what then promised to be a wonderful career of prosperity. 18 4T ROGEFLS BR.OS "SILVER^ PLATE THAT WEARS "5 Fruit Knives and Nut Cracks Highest Grade Silver Plate. Nickel Silver, Silver Soldered. Hollow Handles. Knives Packed One-Half Dozen in Lined Box. 7 Berkshire, No. 1 8 Berkshire, No. 2, Saw Back 9 Vintage, No. 2, Saw Back 10 Columbia, No. 2, Saw Back 11 Vesta Nut Crack 12 Vintage, No. 1 Avon, No. 1 Avon Nut Crack Lotus, No. 2, Saw Back Avon, " 2, " " Vesta, " 2, " Vesta, No. 1 Illustrations about one-half actual size - ■ - — . - it The variety of patterns in " 1847 Rogers Bros." goods is shown in the illustration of fruit knives and nut cracks. Like all "1847 Rogers Bros." ware, these knives and cracks are of the highest grade of silver plate. They are of nickel silver, silver soldered, with hollow handles. The knives are packed one-half dozen in a lined box. Supplied to retailers by all leading jobbers SILVER. PLATE THAT WEARS 18 4? ROGERS BROS J ?fr: > ./ w Rogers bros: THESE ADVERTISEMENTS shown here in reduced form, appear in the June issues of the following publications: Ladies' Home Journal, Delin- eator, Designer, Housekeeper, Ladies' World, Men and Women, Modern Priscilla and Woman's Home Companion, occupying two columns in each. These magazines have a com- bined circulation of about 3,000,000. Reckoning, as is customary, five readers to each copy, we have 15,000,000 intel- ligent human beings for an audience. It is true that all these fifteen million will not buy silverware but we expect soon to have proof in black and white that some of them — and a very appreciable "some" — will follow the suggestions re- garding "gifts for a June wed- ding" and "how to choose appropriate silver." Besides the publications whose 15,000,000 readers are appealed to by these adver- tisements, there is a long list of magazines, with a circula- tion, say, of 2,000,000 — 10,000,000 readers — carrying our advertisements. All in all there are 500 or more publications — daily, weekly and monthly — used by us all through the year — not spasmodically, but all the time, summer and winter. The point is this: You cannot afford to refuse to profit by this extensive, systematic advertis- ing. If you handle our ware, our advertising is your advertising. A little supplementary work on your part — aided, if you wish, by the electrotypes, show cards, signs, posters and sug- gestions we supply to you free — should clinch the matter. How to Choose'' W Appropriate | M.ROGERS cDistributed to the public by progressive dealers 8 THE SILVER STANDARD. JUNE, 1847 SilurrStanrttu-ti Established IN 1847 BY Rogers Bros. JUNE. 1847. MAIL STEAMER FIRST AMERICAN VESSEL OF KIND. The Washington, the first of a class of American steamers, is t o commence sailing be- tween New York and Europe this week. She is 230 feet deck, 39 feel beam, 30 1-2 feet hold, and measures 2,- 000 tons burden. She has three decks fore and aft; first and second cabins, grand saloon, spar deck and mail room. Herenginesare 72 inch cylinders and 10 feel stroke. Her boilers are capable of sustaining the extraordi- nary pressure of 30 pounds to the square inch. Whether it be for the beauty of her finish, the strength of her material or the arrangement of all her parts we venture to say that she is the most splendid steamer afloat. On her experi- mental trip, she attained the wonderful speed of 1 6 knots an hour. The figure head is a full length statue of Washington and when this majestic vessel reaches old England s chalky coast, the people wili look upon the star- spangled banner which so often floated victori- ous where the "Father of his Country" led, and as they gaze upon his image and upon the noble vessel which bears his name, they will forcibly feel that he who was First in War was also First in Peace. MARSHAL AND CLAY- Thomas F. Marshal of Kentucky was the leader of the mob thai destroyed or removed the press of Cassius M . Clay. They are now both captains of volun- teer companies in Mex- ico, and are said to be on the most friendly and intimate terms. GREAT PRO- JECTS-Three of the greatest projects in con- templation at present are a canal across the Isthmus of Darien; another across the Isth- mus of Suez, connecting the waters of the Medi- terranean with those of the Red Sea; and third, a railroad from Lake Michigan to the Pacific Ocean. The com- pletion of either cf these would constitute an im- portant era in the history of trade and commerce. HOW DANDIES ARE MADE-This is a grave question, for fops are like veal pies — in the opinion of the waggish Weller — the crust may be rather re- spectable, but the mak- ing up of the interior is "werry duberous." Exquisites at this pres- ent writing, are a con- glomeration of lank legs, hairy heads and creamy countenances. Such are their natural pecul- iarities. But it is evi- dent that in considering the subject, the great topic of inquiry is, What is a dandy rar- torially? Here descrip- tion will proclaim him to be a being stuck into tight trousers, ditto coat and vest, ditto boots, not so much ditto over- coat, and crowned with a cylindrical structure of felt, which is called a ffet. Mentally the sub- ject of dandyism offers little field for remark, because the weakness which distinguishes the unfortunate class of our fellow citizens now un- der consideration is caused by natural im- becility and want of common sense. The clothing of an exquisite is a work of lime and science. We can imagine how much of the labor is done. One serious question is how does he manage to tie those huge bows in his cravat, which stand out below his chin . giving h.m thereabout the appearance of a cherubim, all head and wings? What a work of fixing there must be before he gets the knot exactly right! What gazing into the mirror — what pulling of ends — what twisting of folds — what tying and un- tying! Everything must be just so. There must be no wrinkles — all must be smooth and "ship-shape," or the dandy so remiss upon this subject would be avoided forever by his associates. DANDIES. CHANGES IN FASHION-Few persons are aware of the changes that are continually taking place in trade and commerce. Witness the following: Mr. Sturges, of Bos- ton, in a lecture deliv- ered some two or three years ago on Trade and Finances, referred also to the singular changes in fashion. Nankeens, said he, were once imported in large quantities. As late as 1820 there was one million dollars worth imported; now there is none. In 1 806 Can - i ton crape was first used; in 1810 ten cases were imported; in 18! 6 there were 12,000 pieces; in 1826 the importations amounted to a million and a half of dollars; and in 1 844 the article was not imported. Yet the country has lost nothing by _ this caprice of fashion, as our country- women appear as lovely in nine-penny calico as in Canton crape, Silk was once im- ported in large quanti- ties from China; a car- go of nearly a million dollars worth was once landed in this country; and now the whole yearly importation from China amounts to less than $100,000. Great changes also have taken place in re- gard to the pay of our CI inese importations. In 1818, $7,000,000 in specie were carried to China, but now our commenced in 1787; and in 1 802 there were fifteen American ves- sels engaged in it, and now it has ceased alto- gether. It all goes to show the fickleness of Dame Fashion. The Pittsburg Gaz- ette gives a statement of an exceedingly deli- cate operation perform- ed by M. Brooks the telegraphic operator in that city. This con- sisted of writing out a long message from the sound alone. The writing stile being out of or- der, it was nec- essary to remove and repair it, bat by the slight " tick " of the magnet every I etter was dis- tinguished and every word cor- rectly reported during the whole day. AMERICAN CHAMPAGNE- Mr. Longworth of Cin- cinnati, states that he has made from his last season's vintage of Ca- tawba grapes 6,000 botdes of champagne, which promises to be of a superior quality, and will be fit for use the next year. A gendeman in New York, who spent the last summer in Cincinnati, and who is, or has the title to be, as good a judge of champagne wine as any gendeman in the land, informs us that beside Mr. Long- worth's there are several other extensive vine- yards in the vicinity of Cincinnati; that the oroprietors of several of them have obtained wine-makers from the champagne dis- trict in France, and that they now produce champagne on the banks of the Ohio fully equal to any French article; that he drank at different tables this do- mestic champagne of last year's vintage which the most practiced wine- drinker could not have distinguished from the best foreign. The Frenchman will have to look to his laurels. "There, that is a portrait of my mother's father, painted in 1802." "La! what guys our grandfath- ers made of themselves." arch ases are paid fo The stock- holders of the Fall River, Massachusetts. Railroad, re- solved with only one dissenting voice in bills of exchange on that no spirituous England, of the opium liouors be transported trade. The Fur trade over the road. NEW LAMP FOR LOCOMO- TlVESTThe Roch- ester Daily Advertiser says that Mr. Henry Ward of that city is making lamps for rail- road locomotives by galvanic process. He plates the parabolic re- flectors (which are con- structed of Britannia metal) with silver and gives to them, by polish- ing, a surface which re- flects with great power. The selectmen of Westfield, at the late town meeting held in that place were instruct- ed to strike from the jury list the names of all Odd Fellows, rum sellers and rum drinkers. BANK PAPER NOW MADE WITH THREADS IN IT. Messrs. Crane & Co. , of Dallon, Massachu- setts, manufacturers of bank paper, have in- vented a very simple and efficient method of preserving the denomi- nation of a bill from al- teration. Threads of silk and cotton are arranged in parallel lines, lengthways with the note, and embodied in the substance of the paper during its manu- facture. A one dollai bill has one thread, ard one is added to each denomination up to five dollars, then a ten dol- lar bill has six, another is added for twenty, fifty, one hundred, ard one thousand; the la: I having eleven threads. It must be very difficult, if not impossible, to in- sert another thread after the note is finished, and as the threads mark its value as distinctly as the figure, the chances of a successful altera ticn are at least very greatly diminished. The Me- chanics' Bank Associa- tion of New York City and several of the banks in that state and in the East, have ordered the threaded paper, and it will probably come in- to general use. It is desirable that something should be hit upon that will prevrnt (he frauds upon the public from the alteration of bank bills. LOCOMOTIVE STRUCK BY LIGHTNING-On the I 3th ult., a locomo- tive attached to the passenger train passing from Adanta to Au- gusta, Ga., was struck by lightning. The fluid passed along the machinery of the engine to the cars, shaking some of the passengers pretty severely, but doing no damage. §S|N New England there is scarcely a village that has <&> not some institute for the delivery of lectures, the formation of a library, and the study of various acquirements. From " Old England and New England." The people of Mer- A girl belonging to A young man was rimack, Mass., at a Wrentham, Mass., has arrested at Princeton, public meeting, have been sentenced to sixty New Jersey, last week resolved that the place days in the house of and fined ten dollars for shall hereafter be called correction for pretend- smoking a cigar in Lawrence. ing to be a witch. church during worship. Grant Thorburn says I A panther, measur- that he and his wife ing eight feet in length, have lived together up- was shot in his den re- wards of forty years, cendy, in Rockland, and have never lost but Sullivan County, New oi.e teaspoon. York state. JUNE. A bad month for your house to be burnt — un- less, indeed, it be in- sured for double its val- ue. When you ride in the park, and the boys tell you to get inside the horse and draw down the blinds, don't — it's not seemly. If a comet appears, let it alone; and when it is tired of appearing it will dis- appear. If you see a ghost, tell it to stay there, and come for us, and we will go look at it. Clje gultier §3>tantiarti ESTABLISHED IN 1847 BY ROGERS BROS. Special Issue. MERIDEN, CONN., JUNE, 1847. Five Cents. 1847 BIG YEAR FOR MERIDEN INDUSTRIES OF TOWN ARE DESCRIBED BRITANNIA. IVORY COMB AND OTHER MANUFACTURES OF PLACE FLOURISHING. The manufactories of Meriden constitute so prominent a part of the country's product that one naturally feels some curiosity to know some- thing of their origin and present condition, as their total sales now amount to about $1,000,000 a year. Of all of them, none is more interesting than the Ivory Comb indus- try, whether one re- gards its origin and growth or the great beauty of the produc- tion and the systematic work of the mechanism of the machinery em- ployed. According to the best means of information, ivory combs were first made in this country by Andrew Lord, of Say- brook, about sixty years ago. Abel Pratt, of Say- brook, made ivory combs fifty -one years ago. He sawed the " plates" by hand and 250 was considered a good day's work; whereas by the present improved process 4,000 can be sawed out in a day by one man. At the present time all the ivory combs made in America are manufactured in Con- necticut, two-thirds of the whole being made in Meriden. The busi- ness was commenced in this town in 1819 by Merriam & Collins, wh o u sed the best machinery known at that time. Their estab- lishment was not long continued. Howard, Pratt & Co. began to manu- facture ivory combs in Meriden in ! 822. This firm is now in existence under the name of Julius Pratt & Co. They are always busy at this establishment, where very great im- provements have been made in the machinery by which the work is executed. The slow processes of the hand have been discarded, and machines which almost seem to have in- telligence perform the work with such rapid- ity, precision and beauty that while the value of the raw material remains as it was thirty years ago, a far better article can now be sold at less than half the price formerly demanded. Walter Webb & Co. commenced business in 1831; Philo Pratt & Co. in 1836. The business of thislatter firm was subsequently trans- ferred to W. Webb & Co. and Mr. Pratt be- came a partner. In this establishment also the best machinery is used. The three firms of Geo. Read & Co., of Deep River, Julius Pratt & Co., Walter Webb & Co., of Meri- den, now turn out about 15,000 or 18,- 000 combs daily, or about five and a half millions annually; of these probably more than three millions and a half are made in Meriden. Quantities of these are exported to all parts of North and South America, and some are even sent to England. Another industry which is growing very rapidly and is destined to be of great import- ance in Meriden s fut- ure is the making of britannia ware of vari- ous kinds. Among those prominently iden- tified for years past in this business are I. C. Lewis, W. W. Lyman, J. A. Frary and Lem- uel J. Curtis as manu- facturers, and Horace C. Wilcox and Dennis C. Wilcox as selling agents. It is now con- sidered very probable that within a short time these enterprising business men will corn- bin" forces and organ- ire a large company so as to enable them to more satisfactorily make and handle the growing demand for goods in their line. A new invention galvanic electricity— whereby goods can be given a coat of pure sil- ver, is also being con- sidered, and it is likely a line of their goods in the near future, al- though made of britan- nia metal, will be silver plated before selling. This new process of electro-deposition has been largely experi- mented with, and is now being used in a small way by Rogers Bros, in Hartford. Our far-seeing Meriden men are about convinced of its value, and if adopted by them, will un- doubtedly create an im- mense demand for their goods so treated. There is also some talk cf hav- ing Rogers Bros, of Hartford come to Men- den, install the new process, and, likely, merge their spoon and fork business with that of the Meriden men. Among our other prominent and growing manufactures we men- tion the following: Pratt. Ropes, Webb & Co., Table Cutlery; Curtis, Morgan & Co., Charles Parker, Julius Parker, Sanford Parm- lee & Co., Hardware; Oliver Snow & Co., Pumps and Machinery; Foster, Merriam & Co., Casters and Castings; Henry M. Foster, H. T. Wilcox, and Os- good & Co., Steelyards and Scales; Stedman & Clarke. Goodrich & Rutty, Lauren T. Mer- riam, H . W. Curtis, Charles Pomeroy, Blakslee, Styles & Co., and Samuel Yale, Plain ar.d Japanned Tinware; Birdsey & Williams, and H.Gris- wold. Bone Buttons; William Hale, Suspen- ders; Jedediah Wilcox, Carpet Bags. Even the agricultural produce cf Meriden amounts to no small sum, as the following list, by the assessors of 1847 testifies: Fire wood, 1 , 1 47 cords, Wool, l,J 9 1 pounds; Corn, 8,523 bushels; Buckwheat, 2,1 14 bushels: Rye, 5,206 bushels; Oats, 7.180 bushels; Potatoes, 8,- 590 bushels; Hay, 1 ,656 tons; Tobacco, 8,000 pounds; Butter, 52, 560 pounds; cheese, 5,675 pounds; Honey, 706 pounds. Taking everything into consideration, Meriden is in a very prosperous condition, and is likely to grow much faster in the near future. It is only 41 years since it was set apart from Wallingford, and now has a popula- tion of about 3,000 people. If, during the next 41 years, it only continues its present progress, no one can complain. Since the completion of the railroad seven years ago, the tendency has been to build near the line in the West Village, and, no doubt, the large manufactories of the future will be lo- cated near the railroad. where shipments by the iron horse can be made. HITCHING THE CUSSED THING- The New Haven Register gives the fol- lowing account cf an incident of the New Haven and Hartford Road, soon afterit went into operation. The train stopped at Meri- den to wood up and a flighty gentleman who was probably for the first time in his life in a railroad car and who held on to his seat with both hands frcm the moment the cars left Hartford, looking as though he expected every moment to be shock out of the win- dow, suddenly stepped out on the platform, and took a rapid look at the locomotive. "Anything the mat- ter! I should think there was something the matter if ycu ever notice it! Why, they've stopped right in the middle cf the read, and hain't hitched the cus- sed thing ! Spose ii should start, hey? I guess some of us ud be in kingdom come, afore night." A roar of laughter from the pas- sengers in no wise al- tered the man's views of the superior safety cf his position, "in case the cussed thing should start." CRIME IN CON- NECTICUT-The present number of con- victs in the state prison is 1 50; ten years ago. 216 were there con- fined. The Directors attribute this cheering change to the diminu- tion cf intemperance in the state. REMARKABLE RIDE— A citizen of Waterbury, well- known as the "Col- onel," was recently compelled between the hou rs of 8 and 9 o'clock in the evening to make a legal tender to secure the purchase cf some property or pay the pen- alty of $300 specified in the bond; the seller having refused the $2,- 500 in Phenix bank bills as not being the "dollars," the tender must be made before midnight. The "Col- onel," thus suddenly taken "all aback" was not discouraged. He mounted a small but spirited marc, which like himself, was "one of em," and made for the Meriden bank - distance, I 5 miles ! He there exchanged the $2,500 in bills for gold, and returned to Water- bury, having been ab- sent but 2 hours and 28 minutes and riding the same horse both ways. He rede the first 15 miles in 1 5 minutes. Those who know the road across the Pros- pect hills, and taking into consideration that the Cashier had to be woke up, and the mon- ey counted, will readily admit that the Colonel and his mare can only be beaten by Prof. Morse. • HIGH SCHOOL IN WEST MERI- DEN—The next term cfthisschool commences on Wednesday, Aug- ust I 8th, under the superintendence and in- struction cf Mr. Henry Smith. Board can be obtain- ed in the vicinity cf the School at reasonable prices. Tuition in the com- mon and higher branch- es cf English, including the Natural Sciences, $4.00. Greek. Latin, and higher mathematics, $5.C0. For those connected with the schcel will be a full apparatus for making all useful exper- iments in Natural Fhil- osophy. Chemistry, in- cluding Magnetism. It is intended that this School shall in every respect be worthy of the confidence and sup- port cf the community and no reasonable effort on the part cf the Teachers will be spared to make it such. Henry A. Smith, Principal. CHAS. PARKER WAS ROBBED VICTIM OF A THIEF IN NEW HAVEN PR0MLNENT MERIDE.I MAN WAS DUPED BY RASCAL IN THE PARK HOTEL. Mr. Charles Parker, of Meriden, who stop- ped at the Park House in this city last night, says the New Haven Palladium, was robbed of about $1 7 by a per- son, as he supposed, who slept in the same room with him. Mr. P. did not dis- cover his loss until he arrived at the depot this morning to take the five o'clock train for home. He took out his wallet for the pur- pose cf paying his fare when he found the money had been ab- stracted. He returned to the hotel, and made known his loss, and his room- mate, who calls himself "Temple," waseearch- ed, and ingeniously con- cealed under his vest cellar was found a pair of key nippers, used for the purpose of unlocking dcors where a key is left in the lock. In other pockets of of his overcoat was The Liberty Party cf this State held a con- vention in this town on the I 5th inst;, and re- nominated their last year's ticket, except that Lewis Beers, Jr. .for Secretary, was substi- tuted for Vincent Hinckley. Six dele- gates were appointed to attend the Liberty National Convention at Buffalo on the 20th cf October. The Con- vention voted to raise $7 5 to pay the expenses of the two delegates from the State at large, and picked up $50 on the spot, the balance having since been raised . found one of the handles and in one of his panta- loon pockets, the other. It appears that Temple was observed by another gentleman who occupied a bed in the room to go out soon after Mr. Parker left. After a short absence, he returned and again retired to bed. He was arrested by Sheriff Carr. and taken before Justice Bennett, who put him under bonds for examination on Monday, and for want cf surety he was committed to jail. Temple arrived here in the boat from New York yesterday, and says he belongs in Philadelphia, and is a speculator. On his person only $4.00 in money was found, and he does not give a very satisfactory account of his business here. The stolen money was found this forenoon concealed under the hall carpet. From Bradley's Connecticut Register tor 1847: Meriden (written Merridan in the Colony Records) was a disput- ed tract cf land lying between Farmington and Wallingford. which in May. 1728, was annexed to the North Society cf Wallingford, and the whole incor- porated a town in May, 1806. Its name is probably a corruption cf the word meridian — the township being equi-distant from the two semi-eapitals, Hartford and New Haven. A new factory is There are five appli- going up at Thompson- cations for Bank char- ville, over 300 feet in lers pending before the length and 60 feet General Assembly from broad. It will contain, Winsted, Canaan, when it is finished, Derby, Deep River, 1 ,500,000 bricks. and Westport. We are indebted to Hartford, New Haven and other papers of the n 1 847" period for material in this issue, published on the occasion of Meriden's Centennial, June 10-16, 1906— MERIDEN BRITANNIA CO.— International Silver Co.. Successor. JTHE SILVER STANDARD, JUNE, 1847. Ttee .StlutrStantlarri Established in 1847 BY Rogers Bros. JUNE, 1847. CONNECTICUT COPPER MINES - The New Haven Journal says the copper mines of Bristol, in this state, are more extens- ive and valuable than people generally imag- ine, and at the present time are exciting con- siderable interest among capitalists and scientific men. Within a short time a large body of operatives have been added to the mines and we are informed that now more than 300 hands are constantly engaged and the yield of ore is increasing in quantity and value. These mines are con- sidered by many capa- ble of judging to be equal in point of profit to any other in the country, and the opin- ion has been expressed by Prof. Silliman, who has made extensive re- searches in these regions that the veins of ore ex- tend in a southerly di- rection from Bristol to Hamden, and, if thor- oughly worked, would be sufficient to give con- stant employment to thousands of miners. Large quantities of the ore are daily sent over the Canal Railroad, and in time, we have no doubt, the mines will prove a source of in- come and profit to the road as well as to those who are engaged in the operation. A CLOCK FOR SIXTY CENTS- Mr. Chauncey Jerome, of New Haven, Conn., has actually made a timepiece which he will warrant will keep good reckoning and which he sells for 60 cents at wholesale, and at $1 at retail. The works are all made of brass. He makes upwards of eight hundred a day of these articles. After this let no one want a clock. A few years ago (only 12 we be- lieve) the old wooden clocks sold for $10, now no one will have a wooden clock. Com- mon cheap clocks can be bought in abund- ance for $2 apiece, but it seems Mr. Jerome has capped the climax of cheap time keepers. The grading of the tow path of the Farm- ingtoncanalfor a branch railroad is, we are in- formed, already in pro- gress— one man having taken a contract for 20 miles. NEW FOOT WARMER-Mr. Wm. N. Clark, of Hartford, has lately in- vented a most complete foot stove — a real Yan- kee invention — a com BARNUM HOUSE IS AEOLIAN HARP A NEW GAME IN POLITICS-It be- A REMARKABLE TELEGRAPH WIRE in8 know" at the late BUILDING. TO WALLINGF0RD. gS^SJStaSu'J Md t d . «» c j. c. scratch the name of r. P . Barnum s Mr. Editor : - Since the Democratic nom; a common tin oil lamp, surrounded by a saucer architecture, attracts a ford, and th plete feet warmer. It h?u5e, ls nearly com- tn? desertion of copper nee for jud of pro is a small box, very P'etef The structure, wire formerly in use on bate in th;s dis,rict a light and neat, in the «ruch seems to be a the telegraph route ticket was prepared es- bottom of which is fixed compound of Moorish from New Haven to psciany for tnsm The Gothic and Turkish Hartford, via Walling- regular State Ticket of doption (ne party was rin,ed jn to catch the oil if any great many visitors. An of that stronger and ,he usual forrrii except should jumble out of English gentleman who larger wire ct iron, 1 ,hat"0 A D Todd the lamp. In the bot- washerelately declared have noticed a novel for Judge of Probate," torn of the box, which that he had come 3,000 tact, which is wortn was inser!ed twice and is all lined with tin, are miles for the purpose of attention and extensive a p,n Was drawn across small holes to supply taking a look at the circulation —less from one cf these names the lamp with air, and thing. Probably he its scientific importance These tickets were dis- on the rim of the lid are was an artist employed than from its musical , trjbuted among the dis- small holes to let the f?r a London pub hca- taste _ , affected, who, seeing smoke escape. The lid tion We believe there 1 his iron wire is an Mr Todd's name al DEATH LIST IN MERIDEN NAMES OF THOSE WHO HAVE DIED DURING 1847 ALSO NAMES OF MERIDEN PEOPLE WHO PASSED AWAY IN OTHER TOWNS. Dr In Colborne, Cana- In Meriden, of pul- , West, suddenly, monary consumption, Mrs. Merriman, relict Hannah S. Yale, wife f the late Joel Merri- cf Ira N. Yale, Esq lan, Esq. Mrs. Mer- aged 28. Mrs. Han- riman was a native of nah Yale, relict of Dea- Meride We believe there made of two sheets of is nothing in England— /Eolian Harp. Urawn ready scratched off (as j tin about two inches 01 indeed in Chnsten- very tense between the they supposed) voted it a apart, so that the lamp dom — resembling this supporting posts, it vi- with a hearty good will heats the tin and is be- edifice, excepting the brates a wide range of Some ,hirty or forty of tween the sheets and Brighton Pavilion, built tones and the execution (he scratched tickets keeps the feet comfort- by George IV. 1 hat is delightful. In mel- found ,heir way imo able and warm. The is a much larger build- ody, no less delicate the ballot box and it is top is covered with a mg but the model is in and exqusite than the known that several were piece of woolen cloth almost every respect gentlest /tolian tune :n pu. there by persons William Cornwell and the box looks like a inferior. So say the a lady s window, it is who did no( jntend to aged 60. neat little trunk and is architects. I here are blended at fitful gusts vote for the Judge. The In Meriden, on Tues certainly a very superior more expensive houses and blasts or the wind trick was no, djcovered day evening, June 15, kind of foot stove to one in the country but none with that dynamic full- , until too ]a|e) and then Mrs £jlzabelh p wife that is heated with char- probably as showy, ness ot tone at the|the swearjng in certain of Henry C. Butler, coal, as a lamp with The cost of the structure loudest swell. quarters was tremen- Esq., aged 33 years. EllahH., only daughter a very small quantity of and grounds will be I o be just and even- ,J„,,C i Tk;= ,.,„ L,_ \Y/_ . I 1 . „ Meriden, Mr con Nathaniel Yale, aged 87. In Meriden, Mr. Al- fred Newton, aged 41 , of the firm of Sanford, Newton & Co. In Meriden, June 17th, of brain fever, This be- We tender our heart- cf Elizabeth, widow of Iwill7uppl7t^ stove some $60,000. - prided I must next Heve isaltogethera new ieh sympathy to~our ^e late James" Under state what is the pop d keep up an abund- Bridgeport Standard ant heat for the feet for 1 2 hours. species of accounts fc markable aud, the nd friend on the occasion green, aged 1 year end re- of his afflicting bereave- ll months. ular impression and r^ a a m » ^r-.^^^ how the people explain DAM ACROSS:, Th- man who i first ' T* 7jT'cj -uV JUUBi THF CONNFCTI 11 J • ,Todd had in this town, near friend and CUT RIVER ^he ^v^rnaM -^chfield Enquire, friend I as jha.of his la- AM^urtis, .and reiment The loss of a ln Meriden. Mrs. nd such a Emeline A., wife of Alfred P. Curtis, am mented wife, must carry e|desi daughter of Lev NEW L A N - desolation through a Bradley E = q of TERNS — The New household such as those Qieshii whichw7scap°tured on employed by the city SsJikeTbndge? then ^enA *? ?artf,ord only who have expert- his premises the night of Hartford to estimate is the time we hear the j ?a!lroad ,s .furnishing enced a like visitation LARGE OWL Mr. E. C. Allen left at Hartford Courant con- that when the electricity our office yesterday an tains the report of an was passing, when th owl of the largest size, engineer who has been news wash news was hurrying over previous. It was caught the cost of bringing the their men with a new , can appreciate. hesrnre, aged 27. In Meriden, very sud- May denly, Mr. Elisha Cur- ,,c i wa. mi.oKi the cost ot bnneine the „ 1 J .k .L tneir men witn a new , can appicciaic. iviay . ■• ;,. us. It was caught me cost oi unugnig uie melody, then tne wires i • j t i , i ■ i ,l,, p,„,,;j„„„, ,.,k„„ fis, ag<=d 74 «.=<.l i,„ *nA J« waters of the C onnecti- ' J • vr/ n'kind ct antern, wmch that rrovidence whose -«i =»>-"» ^ steel trap and is waiers oi ine v^onnecu Jar and ring. Wellh i -t-l- „ „, ui„, , • .„„„i, k„ I„ \fiar:A„ offered gratuitously to cut river into that place [hen, let Electricity turn I ,bU/ns ! any ornithologist who for manufacturing pur- mus;c teacnr- would care to prepare poses. The first sec- banki and he jpt De burns sperm oil. This ?very blow is struck by In Meriden, suddenly, the place of the Mercy's hand, support Ada Maria, daughter old kind fitted with can- and strengthen all the of J. C. Van Duzer, dies, which have been members of the afflicted aged 14 months. generally used sincejfamily , under their ]n J\]ew York, Mr. the road was opened. heavy bereavement. Henry Chittenden! In Meriden, 8th of aged about 42, form- AT YALE COL June- cr consumption, erly of Meriden, and LEGE-The number ' widow Susan S. Yale, lately a resident of New of students is 5S4, viz : ag;c, z6 years. 52 law, 53 theological. lid dam or how A NEW TITLE The honcrary de- it for the cabinet. It tion proposes to build a Meyer, Ole Bull, th measures four feet, four dam across Connecti- Hiitchinsons and tht inches across the back cut nver about fifty Harpers and wings. The talons rods north of the rail- , Wallingford, Conn of each foot spread over road bridge at Enfield, a surface of four and which is to be twenty- [ three-quarters inches, three feet high and fYT FOR TAT— He is a most destructive 1 ,250 feet long ! We Jhe doctors of Con- looking chap in every do not consider that necticut are trying to'and 52 medical" stu- way, and Mr. Allen there is to be a draw jnduce the Legislature '• dents, 5 resident gradu did a good job in cap- in thr turing the creature. A Yank^Toratorout'S^i^^! g^te'^ou, , west, vindicating his mg the comme^of- ^ ^-^ ln»»*-- ' 2 '" ^.^o^e, native Connecticut navigable river," against slanders which We suppose these th have been uttered ?re well understood at lature t0 pass a |.aw that against her, raid : the head of s ood nav- 11 L ■ • uic ncau ui siuup imv | all physicians prescrip- tions shall be written in plain English. Be- tween the two, Ha SNOW IN JUNE! The Wilmington SMfpr^dVavoid ^To^k'ted? ! gradual Of thet/t fT °f LLf D" ^ (Del) J°"™1 says that <-nn. A E. Searles. Wesifield Pansh, Mid- _ , . _ dletown, by Harvey Rev. John Turner Mi]ler Cashing and Miss . _. . . . Hrnah Curtis, of -'"CI""' Church. Meriden, by Rev. ^uuford. by Rev. Mr. Cyrus Munson. Bennett. Mr. Horace iit Kediield, or Menden, Benne< J,earl,eIsf .,?' to Miss Emma Clarissa, Wallingford, and Unlla daughter of David par_ P. Persis of Reads- me|ee> £sq _ of Guil. borough, Va.,byKev. ford John E. Searles. , .. . , , , ^ i f ^-i i j 'n Menden, by the samuel S. Clark and Rev !_[, Miileri Mr Jane M. Coe, both of john Jvos to Miss Menden, by Rev. G. Almira Birdsey, both W. Perkins. 0f Meriden. Sylvester Randall, of ]n Meriden, DudIey Hartford, and Mary p^ R of Clinton, to In West Meriden, by Rev. G. W. Perkins, Mr. Rufus S. Dowd, of Hartford, and Miss Caroline Mernman, of West Menden ; also by the same pastor, Mr. Edward M. Goodrich, of New Haven, and Miss Mary J. Dowd, of Saybrook. In Meriden, Mr. Harrison Miller and Miss Lucy R. Johnson, of Worcester, Mass. In Meriden, Mervin T. Russell and Miss Esther Buckland. MAILS REGU- LAR AGAIN -The mails are running regu- larly again . The Post Gffice Depart- ment has closed the contract with the New Haven, Hartford and Springfield Line at $i4,CC0. They asked $20,000, but the Post- master-General brought them at last to the old terms. The trouble began about a month and a half ago when the mail was refused by the Captain of the New Haven steam- er. This captain had orders from the owners not to receive the mail unless $27. CO, the demand for carrying it, was paid in advance. The cartman had not the money, and so the cartload of letters and newspapers was taken back to the Post Office. _A.11 Central Connecti- cut and the valley of Connecticut river to its sources were thus de- prived of the mail for several days after they should have received it. E. Martin of Menden, Harriet R QUes, of by Rev. G. W. Per- Meriden. r , . . „ . At New Britain, Mr. Ephraim A . Kelsey George J. Dunham, of of Westbrook and Berlin, to Miss Vienna Catherine J. Andrews, J-fall, of Meriden. of Menden, by Kev. . . . . . _ . G W Perkins n Mer.den, Samuel ' . „ . , Anson Sutliff and Miss ,v, ,ryr b, webbing, gun and pistol factories, a steam flour mill, &c. Just across the river, and within two stones- throw of the bridge location are famous sandstone quarries, teeming with men who are continually employ- ed in getting out stone which i s sent North, South, East and West. PROSPERITY OF HARTFORD- A writer of the Cour- ant estimates the annual trade and commerce of hat city at $6,900,- 000, being more than double what it was ten years ago. Further, the same wnter says, Hartford progressed more rapidly in business and wealth from 1837 to 1847 than during any previous ten years or half century, and is now actually in a more prosperous condition than during anyprevious period of herexistence. ' ' SWORD PRES- ENTATION-The Senior class in Yale College have purchased a beautiful sword, which they will present to Samuel W. White, of Miss., who left col- lege to join the Rifle Regiment under the brave Jefferson Davis, and distinguished him- self at Monterey and Buena Vista. The sword may be seen at Mr. E. Benjamin's jewelry store, in New Haven. We learn that a bed of coal has been discov- ered in the town of Ridgefield and that measures are in prog- ress for working it. A gendeman of expenence has contracted with the proprietor of the land for the privilege, and is now in the pursuit of proper hands and means for commencing opera- tions. The dwelling house of Mr. Abraham Stev- ens, of Berlin, was de- stroyed by fire on Wed- nesday about noon. IS L0C0F0C0 IN FUTURE LETTER TO N. H. REGISTER FROM WALLINGFORD THE PALLADIUM DECLARES THAT "FARMER" IS IN REALITY A DEMOCRATIC LAWYER. Editors New Haven Register : For years I have believed it neces- sary to have a tariff for protection ; but recent facts and recent devel- opments have proved to my mind that this is a mistake. Under the tariff of 42, manufac- turing was good, and farmers' produce brought a fair price. I looked upon these as the fruits of the tariff, and I deprecated i t s abolition. The tariff of '42 was repealed, and the tariff of '46, which I believed would blast the pros- perity of the country, ism operation. As my convictions cf duty to myself and my country obliged me then to de- nounce the tariff of 46, so my convictions of duty now oblige me to acknowledge that my fears and expectations were not well founded. The tariff of '46 is in operation, and con- trary to my anticipa- tions the country is prosperous. Where I expected to find poverty and misery, I find hap- piness and plenty. Where I expected to find distress and ruin, there I find prospenty. Manufactunng is good. Farmers' produce, which I expected to see rotting upon our hands, brings a high price and finds a ready market. I see things in a different light, but still I am not sure that I should abandon my party were it not for other, and, as I view them, more important reasons. When I see the men with whom 1 have ever acted oppos- ing the war with Mex- ico, I feel bound by my love of country, by my sense of justice and right to come out from among them. If Cor- win. Gentry, Greeley & Co., would not expose themselves to the civil- ized world in the light of robbers of a nation's honor, they must retrace their steps. Should they do this, then " doubtless peace might be negotiated on terms alike honorable to us and acceptable to the Mexicans." Wallingford Farmer. The " Wallingford Farmer," who practi- ces Law in this city, is very eloquent on the blessed state of things which has been pro- duced in our national affairs by the election and administration of Mr. Polk! He's a smart fellow ! he didn t graduate for nothing! but if he thinks he will impose upon indepen- dent men the belief that he was ever a Whig or anything else but a loco- foco lawyer with a rest- less, ambitious hope that one day or other he may get some office that will pay him for his zealous endeavors to glorify an adminis- tration which more than any we have had for many years has been "a stench in the nostrils of the people, he counts without his host; he is just the one to "sell his hen of a rainy day." — New Haven Palladium. Some rogue attempt- ed to set the State House in Hartford on fire last Sunday night, but the combustibles did not burn as well as the rogue intended they should. By the by, we trust the one we have in this city is properly insured, for it may be wanted one of these days for a livery stable or a railroad depot. New Haven Register. The value of the sil- ver tea spoons in Amer- ica is $36,000,000. A Middletown paper states that at the great axe manufactory t he works are kept going night and day. The company have two sets of hands and yet are unable to supply all their orders. Also that the India Rubber Company in Waterbury run their works night and day, having two sets of men. The ladies of Dr. Burgess' church in Hartford have presented him with a silver tea ser- vice, valued at $400. 1847 — THEN -THK SILVER STANDARD- -now— 1906 '1847 Rogers Bkos." — ma then- 1847— and— 1906— now. Established in 1847 ky Rogers Bros. ISSUEIi BY Meriden Britannia Co., Meriden, Ct. (International Silver Co., Successor.) Special JUNE, 1W6. 5 Cents EARLY MERIDEN THE TOWN AS IT WAS IN 1847 COMPARED WITH THE SIL- VER CITY OF 1906 actually Harbor Brook, despite what would be Hartford. Their small plant is shown in the to-day the suicidal action of the ducks in en- upper picture on Page 5. After several tering its waters. years of indifferent success, a second discovery At the rear of the hotel proper will be seen as important in its way as the first was made the "railroad refectory," where the travelers of in Meriden. the year 1847 were wont to refresh the inner This was the realization of the possible value man, when the conductor announced, " Five of the new process employed by the Rogers minutes for refreshments ! " The cut of the brothers. The latter were hampered by the hotel is from a print loaned by Mr. Seth J. lack of capital. The Meriden men supplied it Hall and family. i and the interests of the Rogers brothers were The good people of 1847 were very proud merged into those of the Meriden Britannia of their railroads, which had been in existance Company, an event that marked the real be- but a few years. Just what a locomotive and ginning of the silver plating industry, train looked like at that time is shown in the Another important source of the Meriden illustration. Britannia Company had its rise in that part of The view of modern Meriden indicates, to the town over East known as " Bangall." some degree, the advance made in sixty years. Mr. 1. C. Lewis, who for several years had Various manufactures existed in the first been engaged in a small way in the manu- half of the last century — as told in the article facture of bntannia ware, in 1850 established on Page 1 — but the silver plating industry was himself in a larger shop, where he substituted born in 1847, and it is this industry that has water for horse power in the manufacture of made Meriden what it is today. Our glimpse candlesticks, lamps, tea pots and pitchers, of early Meriden, therefore, must include a The site of this shop is a short distance beyond On this and the following pages we shall glance at the early days of the silver plating the end of the East Main street car line, but endeavor to give a glimp:e of early Meriden — business. The story is not one merely of facts of the building itself there is no trace. Good not the Meriden of 100 but of 60 years ago, and figures. There is " human interest ", sized trees grow where the wheel pit was and with which time it is the mission of The Silver aplenty in the narrative. there is nothing to indicate that the place was Standard to deal. Our purpose is not to It was in 1847 that Asa H. and Simeon once the scene of prosperous toil. The sketch write the history of the town during the 1847 Rogers discovered the process of electro-plating of the factory on Page 5 is made from the period but only to suggest by illustrations the that was to revolutionize the silver industry, description of Mr. Andrew J. Forbes and contrast between the Meriden of Centennial The Rogers brothers began operations in from two pencil sketches of the buildings as year and of two gen- erations ago. The ducks no long- er swim in Harbor Brook and the course of that stream through the heart of the city is not so easily followed in 1906 as it was in 1847. The illustration on this page of the old hotel would not afford any very definite clue to the visitor today as to the location of that once popular hostelry. The brook in the fore- ground, however, was they appeared some years later. The lat- ter sketches were loaned by Mr. Le wis' family. After the death of Daniel B. Wells, Mr. Lewis' son-in-law, whom Mr. Lewis had taken into partnership, an arrangement was made by which Mr. Horace C. Wilcox (who might well be called the father of the silver plating in- dustry) and Mr. Den- nis C. Wilcox joined forces with Mr. Lewis. In 1852 the Meri- den Britannia Company was formed, with a capital of $50,000. The incorporators were: Horace C. and Dennis C. Wilcox, I. C. Lewis, W. W. Lyman, Lemuel J. Curtis, John Munson and James Frary. The picture of their first factory will be found on Page 6. This building stood, and still stands, on the corner of State and Miller streets. If any one is not familiar with the Meriden Britannia Company plant of today, the other cut on Page 6 will show the growth of that concern. In 1898 this company com- bined with several others to form the Inter- national Silver Company. MR. FORBES' ANECDOTES. Mr. Andrew J. Forbes, to whom reference has been made, is one of the few men now alive who were concerned in the beginnings of the silver industry in Meriden. He is sev- enty years old, and today holds a responsi- ble position in the International Silver Co. His home is in West Somerville, Mass. On a recent 1S47 — THE* trip to Meriden, he visited the site of the old I. C. Lewis factory. Mr. Forbes went to work at the age of ten, for his brother- in-law, H. H. Graves, of the firm of J. B. & H. H. Graves, from whom Horace C. Wilcox bought his first britannia ware. In 1850 he began his employment with Mr. Lewis. Among his fellow employes were the follow- ing, many of whose names are familiar to Meriden people : W. H. Golden, Sr., Ed. Paine (late of Middletown), Henry Bullard (living in Meriden now), Dan Crandall, Mike Akerman, " Pod " Yale, Asher Hall, Lewis Hall (son of Asher and father of Wilbur Hall), Nelson Cornwell, John Palmer, Will- iam Mathews, Larry Mathews, Friend Booth, Jake Heiny, Daniel B. Wells, Stephen Green, Henry Pizah, Owen Flynn, Sage Pelton, Peter Smith, Joseph Williams and Ed. Ricker. Over the site of the old shop today broods a Sunday calm, and outwardly the place was quiet enough when Mr. Forbes knew it, but the mask of sedateness covered a deal of boisterous fun and good- natured deviltry. His recent visit brought to his mind many an esca- pade in which he or his former com- rades figured. To the east of the old shop stood, and still stands, an ancient house, which in Mr. Forbes' day served as the boarding house. "We had some great times there," he observed, pointing to the building. " It brings to my mind the episode of the pies. One night Steve Green got down into the pantry, where were stored over forty pies, the week's baking -- mostly dried-apple pies, I remember — and passed them out through the window to the rest of us. On a shelf was a tin pan, which Stephen knew usually held doughnuts — molasses doughnuts, which you could pull out like India rubber. Steve tipped the pan to see if there were any doughnuts in it. As it happened, the pan that night contained flour and the tip Green gave it was sufficient to spill all the flour over him. The pan came clattering to the floor, awaken- ing Mr. Crocker, who was in the room above. Down he came to investigate. There was no avenue of escape open to Green except to dash through the kitchen, and pass Mr. Crocker. The latter saw him coming, clothed in a floury shroud. The good man must have mistaken his boarder for a ghost, for he turned and hiked up the stairs to his room. "Another of the boarders, Dan Crandall, was the hero of a certain fishing trip. He and I were out on Black pond when the boat began to fill. Bailing proving of no avail, Dan dropped overboard and com- menced to swim for the shore. 1 would have followed immediately had 1 not noticed that Dan's fish hook had caught in the seat of his trousers, and that, as he swam, he was tow- ing the fish pole behind him. I made a grab for the pole," continued Mr. Forbes, " and if I'd caught it, you bet I would have 'played him. As it was, I nearly drowned before I could stop laughing long enough to swim ashore. " Black pond was a great resort for us boys. It was there we took our Sunday bath, and from its waters we pulled many a perch, -THK SILVER STANDARD -mow— 1906 pickerel and bull-head. Some fellows came there once with a seine, which greatly angered us, who always fished with bait. To discour- age the net fishermen, we sunk everything we could think of in the pond and tied all the scythes we could collect to logs. Then we hid in the bushes. It made my blood run cold when, their net having become entangled, one of the fishermen stripped and dived among the scythes to learn the cause of the trouble. However, he was not cut in two. But their net was of no more use. " Over in Middlefield there was a button shop, and we used to go there to see the young women employes. Peter Smith was married, but had not brought his wife to Meriden. One evening, he went over to the button shop and called upon a girl named Charlotte Burnham. Now, Charlotte was a very quiet young woman. Conversation coming to a standstill, the young man thought 1 must say a word about Uncle Pete And the lovely Charlotte Burnham. When strolling out one moonlight night. Their hearts with love inflated. She says, ' I think the button shop Is pleasantly located." " added, "Needless to say," Mr. Forbe " Pete's wife was greatly interested." " I don't know as I had better tell the fol- lowing story. If the facts had gotten out half a century ago, somebody would have been richer by two hundred dollars, that amount having been offered as a reward by the powers that were. A party of the boys were driving to Berlin one evening when they came to a toll-gate. The toll-keeper had locked the gate and gone to bed. Not wishing to arouse him they took the gate off the hinges, and towed it into Meriden, and hung it up near where the Meriden House is now. I guess that two hundred dollars reward is outlawed now," chuckled Mr. Forbes. " One summer Mike Akerman and I made an agreement that whichever of us made the least money before the Fourth of July would pay for a trip to New York. We would have come out just even if Mike had not dropped a couple of tea pots. Instead of picking them up and hammering out the dents, he kicked them under a bench. That put him behind me, and he paid for *he trip. We each had about $80 when we started, and Akerman had a gold watch. When we reached Middletown on our return trip, our united wealth consisted of eighteen cents. "We bought cigars and walked home. This simply goes to show that there were ways of : pending money then as there are now.' " Here are a couple of hunting incidents. We used to make up shooting teams, the two best shots being captains and alternately he would wait and see how long the girl would keep quiet. They sat there for an hour, not a word being exchanged. Finally, Charlotte stammered, ' I think the button shop is pleas- antly located, don't you ? ' Shortly after this the young man brought his wife to Meriden. I had written some doggerel about the button shop and he desired that his wife should hear it. I recited it, therefore, but when I had finished the poem as he knew it I went on and added a verse which Pete had never heard. It was as follows : " My song quite new, the words quite true, I hope you all will learn them, choosing their men. We shot for points and the various kinds of game had each its own value. For instance, I remember, a red squirrel counted two points, a grey squirrel five points, a quail five, grouse ten, hawk twenty, owl twenty-five and fox cne hundred. One day, when Nelson Cornwell and I had chosen sides, I had the misfortune to sprain my ankle in getting over a wall. I had shot one grouse. Things looked pretty dark for our side, when I came across a wagon with a dead owl in it. While 1 was dickering with my conscience whether to steal the bird, the owners of the wagon, Silas Clark and ' Cheek ' Foster, came 6 1847— THEN- -THE SILVER STANDARD- -xow— 1906 up. I offered to exchange my grouse for the and for some time before," says Perkins' his- recognize in D. N. Camp, whose plea for a dead owl, but owls were of little value to tory, "when the population of the town was state normal school is printed on the last page, them, and they willingly gave it to me, adding not more than 900 and as late as 1812, there the well-known educator, Professor Camp, of that there were plenty of them, there being were five, if not eight, taverns within the limits New Britain, brother of Mrs. F. E. Hinman, five in the swamp nearby. That gave us a of Meriden. As these taverns always kept of this city, as profoundly interested, if not so tip, and before we left we had secured every ardent spirits and as the population of the town active, in educational matters today as he was one of the five owls. When we came to w:as small, and as the amount of travel then sixty years ago. figure up our day's sport Cornwall's side had was much less than it is now, these facts indi- In closing this brief account of conditions in totalled 170. I held my owls back and with- cate a low state of morals. 1847 we should be remiss if we did not pay out them we were just five points behind "There are at present but two taverns in tribute to the men whose energy, public spirit Cornwall's men. Then 1 sprung the owls, Meriden, with a population of about 3,000, and integrity we honor. Of them we may which, at twenty-five per, raised our count to but only at one of these are spirituous liquors say what Rev. Mr. Perkins said of their 290 — way ahead of our opponents. sold. ' fathers: "One day 1 was out with my gun when I Many other events of more or less import- "Let us remember that we have reached heard some dogs, and a nice big fox trotted ance which occured in 1847 might be men- our present stage of progress because those within a few feet of me. I let him have it, tioned, but this article does not pretend to fathers of ours were men. and he fell dead. I grabbed the carcass, and chronicle all of them. Work on building the "Back to the institutions which they founded, threw it up in a hemlock. Presently, along "Oregon Road," for instance, was begun in the character which they tiansmitted to their came two hunters. The dogs had lost the that year. Most of " the news" of the year, children, must we trace the causes of the scent at the spot 1 picked up the fox and were however, is to be found on Pages 1, 2, 3 and growth, intelligence and wonderful im- greatly distressed. ' Have you seen a fox go 8. The academy which was burned as told provement of the present day. Whatever by here ? ' asked one of the hunters. 'No,' on Page 8 (at the bottom of the third column) is really valuable in Meriden now stands I said, T did not see any go by. What's the stood at the corner of East Main and Elm out as the true history and the best matter with your dogs ? ' ' They have lost streets on high ground. Meriden readers will monument of our fathers. the scent,' said the hunter. 'Perhaps they have treed the fox,' said I. ' Treed the fox!' repeated the hunter. ' Young fel- low, did you ever know of a fox go- ing up a t ree ? ' ' Of course,' said 1, ' 1 have, and that looks like one up there now,' I added, pointing to the hem- lock. The joke was on them, but, of course, they took the game." The year 1847 was an important pe- riod in the religious history of Menden. Then it was that the Congregational Church, whose members had worshipped for many years in the edi- fice on Broad street, became two dis- tinct bodies, the one moving to West Meriden and building a new meeting house, the other remaining on Broad street. The West Village church that was built in 1847 was turned into a theatre when its suc- cessor, the granite church of today, was erected and a few months ago fire wiped out the meta- morphosed structure. Rev. G. W. Perkins, author of a brief history of Meriden, wa? pastor of the Congregational church and ac- companied that portion of the congregation which moved from the hill. According to some authorities, the first Cath- olic church in Menden was organized in 1847. It is interesting to note in this connection that Rev. M.'. Perkins several years before coming to Meriden had won the hatred of many bigoted persons by a bold defense of Catholics and a plea for what to-day we would term "a square deal. The Methodist church, which had been formed in 1844, erected a building for wor- ship in 1847. As the churches increased in number the taverns appear to have fallen off. " In 1790, "Let us then, with grateful hearts, thank God that such men lived and toiled be- fore us; and embalm their memories by im- itating their virtues." The gross area of the United States in 1847 was 2,059,043 square miles. 1 he Mexican war, 1846- 48, resulted in the ac- quirement of more territory, the gross area in 1850 being 2,980,959. Today, exclusive of Alaska, Hawaii, etc., the gross area is 3,025,- 600 square miles. 1847 — THEN -THE SILVER STANDARD -now— 1900 a wedding gifl silver f i ■ ■ . • wed, ihos? liredioi beauty and worth ;ir»- the silv« 1847 ROGERS BROS. WHEN YOU BUY SILVERWARE When you buy silverware, how do you do it? Blindly? Or do you make sure you are getting the best — the kind that not only looks well, but will wear? There's only one way to tell how a piece of silver will wear. You can't tell by looks. You may be a good judge of dress fabrics or furniture, but you can't judge silver as you do most other things. You may examine a couple of pieces and rind no dif- ference. But one will wear and the other will not. How can you tell? What is "the only way " ? It's very simple. Turn over the article and look for the trade= mark. On spoons, knives and forks you should read : 1 847 Rogers Bros." On Tea Sets, Tureens and other hol- low-ware, you should see: MADE AND GUARANTEED BY * * * Rogers Bros. Your grandmother bought these goods because they were the best. That we are successful in living i;p to the standard set in 1847 is proved by the fact that our output has doubled in the last ten years. When a busi- ness can exist for sixty years, it must be because the buying public has confi- dence in it and its product; but when in the last ten years of its already phe- nomenal growth, it increases its sales One Hundred Per Cent, it means that it has kept its old friends and that their satisfaction has induced others to be- come customers. Look for the trade-mark. Not merely the word "Rogers," but "1847 Rogers Bros." Upon request we will send you our catalogue " 10-16," illustrating some of our goods. Meriden Britannia Co., Meriden, Conn., International Silver Co., Successor. How I a to Choose"1 •••' Appropriate Silver Whatevel ' • ■ft ||. 1 .iiid judgment will ■ . ibsfaction will 1847 Rogers bros: I, U the original " R. . 547. de- I and improv.-d ibrough 60 . icnce. Knives, : . - ' lg£7 ROGERS BROS Soup Tureens, frays. MV Flowei &T& Ho iped with this 3 -i mark. 3 Sold by lead- 1 standard designs shown in oui cal ■%% u t:u EM THE SILVER STANDARD, JUNE, 1847 MERIDEN MAN IS INDIGNANT HE CRITICIZES THE POST OFFICE DEPARTMENT IRREGULARITIES IN TRANSMISSION OF MAIL TO AND FROM THIS TOWN CAUSES PROTEST. Messrs. Editors — The neglect or care- lessness in some quarters of our Post Office De- partm?nt has become so glaring and inexcus- able that forbearance has ceased to be a vir- tue, and by way of calling particular atten- tion to the matter, and eliciting from others more facts relating toil, the writer ventures to state a few circumstan- ces which, without being sought after, have necessarily come under his notice. It is a notorious truth that more irregularities have occurred in the transmission of our mail matter to and from this office during the past year than since our re- membrance. The New York daily pa- pers, due here on the same day of their pub- lication, have generally failed, once a week, and often twice a week, and in a number of cases have been carried by and brought back the next day. We hear among our business men frequent com- plaints of remittances being sent by them to meet notes which do not reach their destina- tion until too late. Pro- tests and loss of credit to the parties are the consequences. It is well known that the Department has during the past year put a new officer on the Railroad from New Haven to Boston. It is his duty to sort the mails to and from the towns lying on the line of the road, so that virtually a distributing office is kept in opera- tion on board the cars carrying the mails. Now is it not singular that the year peculiarly distinguished above all others for irregularities along the line of the road should be the very year and the only one in which this new office has existed? If I have not suc- ceeded in showing the proprietorship of this carelessness and neglect, then I shall despair of ever tracing cause and effect. 1 1 certainly i s not with our Postmas- ter. The experience of years has proved him a man remarkably cor- rect and vigilant in every duty connected with his office. It can- not be with the distribu- ting officers on the way for the letters alluded to were distributed by the agent on the cars. It probably is not the fault of the offices at the end of the route. Post- masters are not back- ward in delivering let- ters for which they re- ceive money. We can see no place to impute the blame but to the mail agent of the road. We know not how much other points are caught in this way, but we know they must be to some extent, because letters applying to them are often sent by mistake to this office. One thing we will say that if all the persons in our small town should pub- lish their grievances, the Post Office Depart- ment would seek relief from the insupportable clamor which would prevail to at once dis- continue their Locomo- tive Post Office, or sub- stitute for the present incumbent an agent who is both qualified and disposed to d i s - charge the duties of an office of such vast im- portance to the public. The rapidity of carrying the mails is a matter of far less con- sequence than the certainty and regularity of doing so. We must know on what to de- pend, and if we cannot rely on the P. O. De- partment to perform faithfully the business with which we entrust it, we must carry our own mail, or else send them by friends who will he fa.thful to our interests and we ven- ture to say that no power CI the executive and no power under H»aven can arrest the course cf such a move- ment if we become once arous;d to it. That we shall be in earnest about this matter if the present course of things is long pursued is most certain. Remonstrance. Meriden, Conn. BACK TO THE STAGE COACH The cashier of the Meriden Bank recently enclosed remittances to the amount of $14,- 000.00 in a letter for Boston, and as he knew the mails had been very irregular, went to the depot and placed the packag? in the hands of the mail agent, stat- ing that it should be in Boston the next day. A week later it had not been received and the mail agent when interviewed stated that he sent it directly to the Boston Post Office and they were at fault, but the postmaster claimed it had never been re- ceived at his office. It finally turned up, how- ever, as at the end cf seventeen days the Boston Post Office d;- livered it to the bank addressed. This is hardly equal to the stage coach days of ten or twelve years ago. SHOCKING AC- CIDENT-A shock- ing accident occurred at Griswold's Factory on Thursday of this week. Some men at work up- on a new road were blasting rocks near the Factory. A piece of rock was hurled into the building, and struck a young lady in the back, inflicting such injury that she died in about one hour afterwards. We did not hear the name of the sufferer. Premiums awarded by the New Haven County Agricultural Society at the cattle show and fair at Water- bury: On farms, Levi Yale, of Meriden, sec- ond prize, $15. Best pair working oxen. Friend Johnson, of Wallingford, $3. Best bull, 2 years and up- wards, Andrew Pres- ton, Wallingford, $5. Apples, greatest num- ber of kinds and best in one collect'on, W. M. Hall, of Wallingford. The Palladium thinks we are in error in saying that one of the new State Prison Directors is a "contrac- tor for prison labor." We are told that Philo Pratt, of Meriden, one of the new Directors, is a contractor for prison labor. If we have been misinformed, we would like to be corrected. How is it? New Hav- en Register. The Academy in this town was destroyed by fire on Saturday last. Cause, a basket of ashes carelessly left upon the premises. The acad- emy was started by John D. Post in 1840 and was a very plain two-story structure. LOCOFOCOISM FIRE IN WEST ROUTED !-Our ex- MERIDEN-On press returns from every Monday night, about section of the state are 12 o'clock, the carriage now all in, and bring shop of Messrs. Brown complete returns from & Beecher was discov- all but nine towns ered to be on fire, the (whose votes cannot flames at once bursting essentially vary the re- i out of the roof with suit), and we have the great rapidity. By the satisfaction of announc- ' untiring efforts of Rev. ing the complete triumph George W. Perkins, a of the Whigs and the line was formed of citi- utter rout and over- zens, and with buckets throw of the Locofocos. and ladders (the build- We have probably se- ing being two stories) lected a Governor and arrested the flames be- all of the State Ticket fore great damage was BY THE PEOPLE! done. We understand — have elected all the the loss to be about Members of Congress — $100, insured by the thirteen Whig Senators Aetna Co. The loss out of twenty-one — and has been settled by their a handsome majority of prompt and active the House of Represen- agent, Curtiss L. North, tatives, with a prospect to the satisfaction cf all of greatly increasing this parties. The fire was MR. D. N. CAMP GIVES VIEWS MERIDEN MAN AT NEW HAVEN CONVENTION HE ABLY ADVOCATES THE ESTABLISH- MENT 07 A STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. At the convention in fying themselves for the New Haven to discuss teachers' profession; the establishment cf a and, if they do, they State Normal School, are soon called away or greatly increasing n,s parties. ine nre was Mr. Camp, cf Meriden. ! toother States. Ma majority. Truly, this supposed to be ace- ke , h He chusett3 has them; Bos- is glory enough ror one dental. reviewed the movement ton has two or three ; \/ t f f" m tms counc"v ror 'ne New York has them : WURiLl TRmS. BANK COM- training cf teachers and and each year, as our LoccLo Whittlesey MISSIONERS' RE- for normal schools from teachers acquire a rep- lied™' PORT-The report of the time the first sugges- 1 utation, strong induce- the Bank Commission- ^ ti°n„was ma°e by Mr- ments are held out to del in a Hart- them, and they leave 25,280; sea ',639. In Meriden I ,ujy. in ivieriaen, — , --•—-.-• /-,,!l,,,J Whig. 265; Locofoco, "s V the Lepslaturei^allaud 31 I. «-»it»r,ntantiarti ESTABLISHED IN 1847 BY ROGERS BROS. Vol. II. No. 4. AUGUST, 1847. FlVl C] ITK CINCINNATI TO BE QUEEN WILL BE LARGEST CITY IN COUNTRY BEFORE VERY MANY YEARS NEW YORK'S POPULATION WILL BE EXCEEDED. All people take pride in their cities. In them naturally concentrate the great minds and the great wealth of the na- tion. There the arts that adorn life are cul- tivated, and from them flows cut the know elge that gives its current of thought to the national ind. The United States until recently have had large cities in the hope rather than in reality. N-*w York is now sometimes called the London of America. Not that those calling her so suppose she will ever come up to that mammoth in size and importance, but be- cause she holds in the New World the rela- tive rank which London holds on the Old Con- tinent. It would be presump- tuous to say that her population might not reach five millions with- the next century and a half. Of the f~w persons who ■e doubted her continual suprem- acy most have giv- en the benefit of the doubt to New Orleans. This outport of the great central valley of North America was believed to command a des- tiny, when this valley should be- come well peopled that might eclipse the island city of the Hudson. Some twenty years ago, the writer, then living n a southeastern tate, was con- rinced that the greatest city must, the nature of things, at a not very distant day, grow up in the in- terior of the con- tinent. The largest city of the interior was then Cincinnati, having scarcely 20,000 inhabitants; and the sum total of all the towns in the great valley scarcely exceeded 50,000. St. Louis at that time had but 5,000. and Buffalo aboui ihe same number. Here, then, was a bas- is very small for so large an anticipation. Who could believe that St. Louis, with 5,000 people, could possibly within the short period of 1 50 years become greater than New York with a population of near 200,000> But what seemed most ri- diculous of all was that the future rival of the great commercial em- porium should be placed a thousand miles from the ocean, where neith- er a ship of war nor a Liverpool packet could ever be expected to irrive. [Continued on Page 8] APPOINTMENTS BY PRESIDENT SUPREME DISREGARD FOR FITNESS OF OFFICERS WHY ARE THE HEROES OF THE PRESENT WAR ENTIRELY FORGOTTEN? NAUVOO TEMPLE. NAUVOO-A Mormon city and set- dement in Illinois, now deserted. It is in one of the finest locations for a town upon the riv- er, it being situated at the second and last rap- ids below the Falls of St. Anthony, which extend from that place to Keokuk, a distance of 12 miles. The rjreat Mormon Temple stands out con- spicuous. It is the finest building in the West, and if paid for would have cost over half a million of dollars. It is built of a white stone, resembling mar- ble, 80 feet front by I 50 deep; 200 feet to the top of the spire. The caps of the pilas- ters represent the sun; the bases of them, the half moon, with Joseph Smith's profile. The windows between the pilasters represent stars. A large female figure with a Bible in one hand is the vane. An inscription on the front, in large gilt letters, reads as follows: 'The House of the Lord, built by the Church of Jesus Christ of the Latter Day Saints. Commenced April 6, 1841. ^Holi- ness to the Lord." There is in the base- ment of the temple a large stone basin, sup- ported by twelve oxen of colossal size, about fif- teen feet high altogether, all of white stone and respectably carved. A staircase leads up to the basin. It is the font where all the Mormons were baptized. It is seen in the engraving standing beside the Temple, but in the basement is its real situ- ation. In New York the wholesale stores em- ploy clerks whose busi- ness it is to go to the ho- tels and make acquaint- ance with the country merchants in order tc induce them to buy goods cf the firm which employs them. These clerks are called drum- mers. Mr. Polk has officer- ed by original appoint- ment, since the com- mencement of the Mex- ican difficulties, one regi- ment cf riflemen, eight regiments of infantry, one of dragoons, and one af voltigeurs, whose appoinlments are in ad- dition to the generals, commissaries, paymas- ters, quartermaster and surgeons commissioned by him in the volunteer forces. The whole number of commissions issued cannot fall very short cf one thousand. In mak- ing new appointments, i the President is not! limited or controlled by any law. His power, over the secretaries is I complete, arbitrary, and irresponsible, except to his oath. There is no king, prince or sultan more thoroughly above all legal restraint in his, appointments tSan the President. Let i's look at the late appointments — out of 440 new commis- sions issued to the ten regiments we can dis- cover but nineteen who had been in service. We are confident that, however it may be with the Cabinet and the President, the country at large rely upon offi- cers who have seen ser- vice in preference to those v/1 o have not. Why are the heroes of the present war forgotten and neglected; the men, who ragged, sunburnt and unshorn, were toiling, without pay or sustenance, over the sands of New Mex- ico, while the kid-glove politicians, clerks and hangers-on cf Pennsyl- vania avenue are pro- moted to the offices? If party did not in- fluence the mind of the President, how did it happen that of six Brigadier-Generals and two Major-Gener- a's elected not one Whig is to be found? To confirm our opinion cf the su- perior fitness of the appointmentsmade by the volunteers over those made by the Executive, we give a list of volun- teer Colonels who had been in service, as far as we are in- formed : Jefferson Davis, 1 st Missis- sippi; William K. McKee. 1st Ken- tucky; Humphrey Marshal, Ken- tucky Cavalry, A. M. Mitchell, 2nd Ohio; S. K. Cur- tis, 1st Ohio; A. S. Johnston, Louis- iana; W. B. Bur- nett, 1 st .New York; J. F. Ham- tronek, 1st Vir- ginia; L. S. De Russy, 2nd Louis- iana; J. Rogers, Louisville Legion. We are indebted to New York Sun, American Review, Hunt's Magazine and others of the "1847" period for material in this issue. Meriden, Conn., August, 1906— MERIDEN BRITANNIA CO.— International Silver Co., Successor. "SILVER. PLATE THAT WEAR.S" HOLLOWWARE-PAST AND PRESENT. No. I. Early Years. Somewhat over half a eentury ago silver plated white metal hol- lowware superseded britannia ware. The latter was itself a usurper, having- ousted pewter, which for several centuries had occupied an im- portant place in the house- holds, first of royalty, then of the nobility and then of people of humble station as well. "In the later six- teenth and early seven- teenth century, " we are told, ' 'pewter may be said to have begun to be commonly used by the people as well as in many households of qual- itv." It played an important part in the colonial households of this c< umtry. Then came china, taking the place, to a large extent, of pewter plates, cups and dishes, although pewter continued to hold its own in some lines, being still employed for tea pots, pitchers, candlesticks, sugar bowls, porringers, etc., and, on the whole, it made a very satisfactory metal. Group of Pewter Ware. MEN AND METHODS. In the first half of the nineteenth century there existed in Connecticut and Massachusetts a considerable number of small factories where pewter ware was made. Some of these shops were very humble, in many in- stances being nothing but one or more rooms in the dwelling house of the proprietor. It was about this time that britannia ware began to supersede pewter. Both metals had tin for their basis, but the substitution of other metals for lead in the alloy of britannia made that ware harder, less dingy and more easily worked. Supplied to retailers by all leading jobbers "SILVER. PLATE THAT WEARS" H Some of the manufacturers in this pewter-britannia period were : Lewis lV Holt and J. A. Frary, Meriden, Conn. ; John Munson, H. B. Ward & Co., and Samuel Simpson, Wallingford, Conn.; J. B. & H. II. Graves, Savage & Danforth, Middletown, Conn.; Lamb Bros., Berlin, Conn.. Boardman Bros., Hartford, Conn. ; Abisha Doolittle, Augustus Sawyer, Westfield, Conn. ; Roswell Gleason, Dorchester, Mass. ; Graves & Whitlock, Troy, X. Y. The methods of manufacture were crude. The shops were operated sometimes by water and sometimes by horse power. There were no presses or buffing lathes. All handles and spouts after casting were scraped and burnished by hand, while soldering was done with a foot bellows or with an iron. Previous to 1850 there were no rolled metal goods made in Connect- icut, all articles being cast in molds and turned into shape by hand tools. The process was a slow one but a skilled man cotdd turn out artistic work. In 1852 Horace C. Wilcox and his brother, Dennis C. Wilcox, joined to themselves nearly all the manufacturers of any consequence and the Meriden Britannia Co. was formed. SILVER PLATE. Britannia metal proved a very popular successor to pewter, but, with the discovery of an effective electro- silver platingprocess by Rogers Bros. , then of Hartford. Conn., in 1847, it was lifted to a still higher place, it being perfectly adapted for receiving a silver coat. Through the absorption of Rog- ers Bros.' interests by the Meriden Britannia Company the new industry was placed upon a solid foundation. Its growth from that time on is well known to the silver and jewelry trade. At first there was some prejudice manifested against plated goods but soon it was recognized that they were no mere imitations and trade and public came to realize that good silver plate had a place — and an important place — of its own. ( To be Continued. ) Earlv Silver Plated Ware. Etc. distributed to the public by progressive dealers LS47— THEN- -THE SILVER STANDARD- -now— 1906 trade — "1847 Rogers Bros." — mark QJttr dtlitrr §>tauimrft THEN 1847 — AND— 1906 — NOW. ESTABLISHEII IX 1847 BY ROGERS BROS. ISSUE I > BY Mehidex Britannia Co.,Meriden, Or. (International silver Cw., Successor.) Vol. II— No. 4. AUGUST, 1906. 5 Cents GROWTH SINCE 1847. The population of Cincinnati, as given in the last United States Census report, was 325,902. It should have been 3,200,000, according to the very interesting article in this number of The Standard. A prophecy is always entertaining reading after the time for its fulfillment has passed. The Cincinnati of 1906 is an important and thriving city but it does not occupy so exalted a position as the writer of our article sixty years ago predicted. It was on July 22, 1847 that the first camp of Mormons moved into Salt Lake City, after their long and weary jour- ney from Nauvoo, 111. The Nauvoo Temple, a picture of which will be found on the first page, was destroyed the year following, being burned on October 19, 1848— the work of an incendiary. When we remember' that frozen rivers from making the trip from his home near Columbus, Ohio. He succeeded, however, the following spring. The death of this patriarch broke a link that bound the beautiful city of 1906 to the insignificant village of 1847. THE PNEUMATIC TIRE. The pneumatic tire is usually regarded as a very modern invention and it is therefore in- teresting to learn that it was known in 1847. Indeed its invention dates back two years be- fore that, R. W. Thompson, a civil engineer, having patented a pneumatic tire in 1845, his invention differing but little from the present form. At that time there were no cyclists and the patent was allowed to lapse without having reached any commercial importance. When the bicycle came in the pneumatic tire had been forgotten. In 1889 John B. the steam locomotive was still a baby in 1847, it is a bit surprising to be told that an electric car, an invention we are wont to re- gard as modern, was exhibited in that year. Electric lighting, too, was being experimented with in 1847, but on that subject we expect to have something to say in a future number of The Standard. The cut on Page 8 also emphasizes the fact that some of our modern innovations are not so new, in theory at least, as some of us may have imagined. In June of the present year occurred the death of Abram H. Cavender, at the age of 93. Mr. Cavender attempted to settle at Saint Paul in 1847, but was prevented by SL PAUL IN THE YEAR 1847 CITY HAD 100 INHABITANTS, CHIEFLY HALF-BREEDS. St. Paul, with a population, according to the last census, of 163,065, in the year 1847 boasted "about one hundred persons, chiefly half-breeds." Two years later, when Min- nesota became a territory, several American families had moved there and the population of the village was about three hundred. The views here given show it as it was in its early years and as it appears to-day, the latter being furnished us by the Post-Dispatch of that city. A writer in Graham's Magazine in 1855 thus describes the beginnings of St. Paul's existence: "Situated as it was, immedi- ately contiguous to the military of Fort Snelling and in the vi- cinity of several Dakota villages on the Minnesota and Missis- sippi rivers, it became a choice spot for those modern harpies, the frontier whisky sellers, to pitch their tents. "For a time the place was without a name. By the Da- kotas it was called sometimes Imneesia ska, or White Rock, because of the saccharoid sandstone which underlies the limestone rock upon which the town is built; at other times they designate it by a sentence, which trans- lated means "the place where they sell whisky." "The origin of the present designation was in this manner: Those who had erected their log trading-houses at this point were French Canadians, or mixed bloods that had been voyageurs of the fur companies. At certain periods quite a number would assem- ble here from the interior, and amuse them- selves with the fiddle and the dance. "On the occasion of the first marriage of one of the French Canadians, in making out the certificate, the log chapel in which the ceremony was performed was designated as the Chapel of Saint Paul. From that time the voyageurs began to know Saint Paul's Chapel, and soon St. Paul's became familiar in the Indian country. When it was chosen as the capital, the possessive termination was dropped, and the place became known from Lake Itasca to Gulf of Mexico as Saint Paul. Dunlop, an Irish veterinary surgeon, fitted 8 "The close of the year 1853 discovers but piece of rubber hose to his son's bicycle and fevv 0f the original tenements or settlers, but in this led to the construction — or reconstruction their places modern and tasteful mansions, and — of the pneumatic tire. an active, intelligent population of about It is an interesting fact that a bicycle was four thousand five hundred." invented in 1845. It was never manufactured for any other person than the owner, however. _ .„,,,, , .^a-, i ■ The years 1 846 and 1 847 were big ones la the commercial history of the United States, Diamonds of the first water, quoted at owing in part to the general failure in Europe $140 a karat or more at the present time, Qf tr)e potato crop of both years, and corn were selling at $30 a karat in 1847. crops in 1847. The value of imports for the Cleveland in 1847 had a population of year ending June 30, 1847, was $146,545,- 12,769. The last census gave the city 638. The value of exports for the same year 38 1 , 768. i was $ 1 58.648,622 . LS47 — THEN THK SILVER STANDARD -xow— 190G ELECTRIC CAR FIRST ONE EXHIBITED IN 1847 AT DOVER, N. H., BY PROFESSOR FARMER. No doubt it will surprise most readers of The Silver Standard to learn that the first electric passenger car was exhibited sixty years ago at Dover, N. H., July 26, 1847. its in- ventor was Professor Moses G. Farmer. The car is now in the keeping of the Smithsonian Institution, at Washington. Professor Farmer was years ahead of the times, having lighted his parlor (then in Salem, Mass.) with electricity, probably the first elec- tric light in a homestead. He also used elec- fore and aft, and about twenty-two inches high. 1 welve cells were carried on each of the four shelves in a box. In front of the box or tender was the electric motor. Professor Farmer was born at Boscawen, N. H., February 9, 1820. He lived most of his life at Greenacre-on-the-Piscataqua, Eli- ot, Me. He was buried there opposite his wife in the pines adjoining the old homestead, Bitter-Sweet, which of late years has been the rendezvous of the savants of the world. There his daughter. Miss Sarah J. Farmer, established a summer school, where men and women well known in literature, science, art and religion congregate during July and August. In his early life Professor Farmer was a proficient musician, but a severe fever left with him the memory of a single tune. Shortly after this he left Portsmouth, N. H., teaching in a private school. Just previ- tricity for cooking. The fire alarm system now used in Boston was also of his devising. When we remember that the telegraph was then in its infancy, we may realize to some degree the advanced position he occupied. I his is all the more remarkable when we consider the fact that it was not until 1846 that he became interested in the sub- ject of electricity. In that year, while on the way to Boston on a business trip, he happened to see a man reading a bock "Electro- Magnetic Telegraphy." He bought a copy of the work and the interest thus aroused led to the construction of his electric car, a sketch of which, by W. L. Key, of Boston, made from the description by Professor Farmer a few months before his death, n reproduced on this page. The picture of the up-to-date electric car illustrates the progress made in sixty years. The car is one manufactured by the Wason Manufacturing Co., of Spring- field, Mass. Each of the Farmer cars was about four feet long, and 1 I -2 feet wide. The frame was cherry. On the passenger car were two seats, one at each end, the passengers facing each other. The seats were supported on C- shaped steel springs, and were upholstered in crimson plush. The wheels were of cast iron, about six inches in diameter, and had flanges of a little over 1-4 inch depth, being supported at the ends of the steel axle. The electric current was generated in forty- eight cells of Grove's battery, the size of each cell being about one pint capacity. The cells were connected in a series by strips of platinum 3-4 of an inch wide, reach- ing to the bottom of porous cups. They were contained in a box about twenty inches long. Station at Newport, where he remained nine years. In 1881 his health gave way and he be- came a confirmed invalid. After several years treatment in New York, he removed to Eliot, where he continued to reside, his daughter acting as nurse, companion and amanuensis. He visited the World's Fair in Chicago, and there presented several new c.nd wonderful electrical inventions, including a system of printing by teleg.aphy, which he did not live to see placed en a commercial basis. He died in Chicago in the spring of 1893. For the facts in this sketch we are indebted to Miss Sarah J. Farmer, Mr. Augustine Caldwell, of Eliot, Me., and to an interesting article in the Boston Herald some years ago. EARLY COLLARS AND CUFFS. Although collars were manufactured before 1847, the cuff and shirt industry was just get- ting on its feet in that year. 1 he collar busi- ness itself had not gained sufficient strength to stand alone until very near 1847, it being in 1843, to be exact, that the manufacture of linen collars and shut bosoms was engaged in as a separate business, although as a side line," it began about seventy-five years ago. The first separate collar — collars up to that time having been attached to the shirts — was made by the wife of a Troy blacksmith and the first person to conceive the idea of making collars in commercial quantities was Rev. ous to Christmas, 1849, having married, he settled down in Dover, N. H., and continued to teach for a year or t'vo. He invented and manufactured a novel type of window shades, and also paper curtains for windows. After his first experiment. Professor Farmer became identified in December, 1847, with F. O. Smith, South Framingham, Mass.. then building a telegraph line from New York to Boston. In the summer following he removed to Salem, taking charge of the line from Bos- ton to Newburyport. Subsequently he under- took to open offices along the route of the telegraph system, and place the business on a sound, working basis. In 1856 he went into the electrotyping busi- ness, but a financial crisis the following year caused the firm to retire. In 1872 he be- came an electrician of the U. S. Torpedo Ebenezer Brown, a retired Methodist minister and proprietor of a small dry goods store. The manufacture of cuffs and shirts in 1847 was the natural outgrowth of the collar industry. WAGES IN 1847. The average rate of wages in 1847 in Maine, New Hampshire and Vermont was for mechanics $1 per day and for laborers 62 cents per day. In Massachusetts, Rhode Island and Connecticut it was $1.25 for mechanics and 75 cents for laborers. In New York mechanics received 75 cents to $150 and laborers from 50 cents to 75 cents Texas was annexed in 1845. The popu- lation in 1847 was estimated at 123,000. By the last census Texas has a population of 3.048.710. No company does more to encourage the retailer than the Meriden Britannia Co., whose co-operative efforts in general advertising and assistance in local advertising have been com- mented upon often both in and out of the silver trade. We furnish electrotypes for local news- paper announcements, show-cards, posters, etc., free. Write for particulars if you don't know. Supplied to retailers by all leading jobbers g ?'„LXF'vSbK§- 18 47 R.OGBKS BKOS ®~~$ Silver plated flatware stamped "1847 Rogers Bros." is most satisfactory to the dealer be- cause it is most satisfactory to his customers. It satisfies the latter because it is handsome; it is backed by the reputation of the makers ; it is recognized as the original brand of silver plate ; it is "Silver Plate that Wears." MERIDEN BRITANNIA CO., MERIDEN, CONNECTICUT MADE AND GUARANTEED BY I j± M ] "** ROGERS BROS. (International Silver Co., Successor) NEW YORK HAMILTON, CANADA CHICAGO -IOLLOWWARE TRADEMARKS [MIBlCol Lj. -J Iw^M ^ni'i^fsl HOLLOWWARE TRADEMARKS 'Distributed to the public by progressive dealers THE SILVER STANDARD, AUGUST, 1847 The Silucr Standard Established j in 1847 BY Rogers Bros. AUGUST, 1847. CINCINNATI TO BE QUEEN [Continued from p. I ] There are now other i m-n, considered sane men, who believe the I great city of the nation j is to be west of the mountains, and quite a way from the salt sea. Governor Bebb, in a late address before the Young Men's Library Association of Cincin- nati, expressed his de- ed d belief that Cin- nati would in the course of a century become "ths greatest agricultu- ral, manufacturing and commercial emporium, on the continent." The interior towns have commenced a growth so gigantic that men must believe there is a power of corresponding magnitude urging them forward; a power yet in its infancy, but un- folding its energies with astonishing rapidity. Let us make some comparisons of the lead- ing eastern and western cities. New York was commenced nearly 200 years before it increased to 100,000 people. Cincinnati, according to Gov. Bebb, ha: now, fifty years from its com- mencement, 100,000 inhabitants. Boston was 200 years in ac- quiring its first 50,000. New York, since I 790, when it numbered 33,- 131, has had an aver- age duplication every fifteen years. This would make her pop- ulation in 1850, 530,- 096. This is very near what it will be, including her suburb, Brooklyn. Cincinnati has, on the average since 1 800, when it had 7 50, doubled her numbers every seven years; while New York, on the average of sixty years, has scarcely doubled hers in every period of fifteen years. If New York is com- pared with Cincinnati, during the same fifty years, it will be seen that the period of her duplication averages over fifteen years. She had in 1800. 60.489. Doubling this every fif- teen years, she should have, in 1850, nearly 650,000. This num- ber will exceed her act- ual population more than 100,000. where- as Cincinnati in 1850 will certainly exceed 96.000. Let us now suppose that for the next 54 years after 1850, the ratio increase of New York will be such as to make a duplication every eighteen years, and that of Cincinnati every ten years. New York will commence with about 500.000, which will increase by the year 1868 to I ,- 000,000; 1886 to 2,- 000.000; 1904 to 4,- 000,000. Cincinnati wtll com- mence in 1850 with at least 100,000, which will double every ten years; so that in 1 860 it will be 200,000; in 1 870 it will be 400,- 000; 1880 it will be 800,000; 1890 it will be 1,600,000; 1 900 it will be 3,200.000; 1904 it will be 4,066, - 667. The resulting figures look large, and to most readers will appear ex- travagant. Let us suppose the duplication of New York for the next 1 00 years to be effected on an average of twenty years and that of Cin- cinnati of twelve years. New York will have in 1850 500,000 1870 1,000,000 1890 2,000.000 1910 4,000.000 1930 8.000,000 1950 16,000,000 Cincinnati will have 1850 1862 1874 1886 1898 1910 1922 100,000 200,000 400,000 800,000 1 ,600,000 3,200.000 6,400,000 1934 12,800.000 1946 25,600.000 This looks like car- rying the argument to absurdity; but if these two leading cities be allowed to represent all the cities in their re- spective sections, the result of the calculation is not unreasonable. It is not beyond possibility and is not even im- probable. NULLIFICATION IS THREATENED BY ALABAMA. Colonel Walker ha; introduced into the Ala- bama Legislature reso- lutions declaring that under no circumstances will this body recognize as binding any enact- ment of the federal government which has for its object the prohi- bition of slavery in any territory to be acquired either by conquest or by treaty, south of the line of the Missouri com- promise. That the act of the Pennsylvania Legislature, passed at the last session, to pre- yent the claiming of fugitive slaves, is a vio- 'ation of the Constitu- tion and would justify retaliation by setting aside and disregarding like stipulations in that instrument in favor of those States, among them free access of their ships and com- merce to our ports. The ladies -,hould never indulge 11 the loaferish cant phrases that are often in general use. We notice by an exchange paper that one recently found her- self much embarrassed by doing so. She often used the words "noth- ing else,' and the prac- tice became a habit with her. One day the Minis- ter of the parish came to see her. She was making a bustle. "What are you mak- ing that useless article for?" said he. "Oh, to wear to church," was the reply. "Real- ly," rejoined the good man, "you will not wear that thing to church, will you?" "I ■han't wear anything else," said the lady. The Minister was greatly astonished and the lady embarassed. Never use a cant phrase again. MOTTOES FOR LETTERS In a New Hampshire village several young ladies, entirely ignorant of the name and use of the new Post Office stamps, applied at the Post Office for mottoes, and instead of placing the stamp upon the fare of the letter, placed them immediately over the seal on the back cf the envelope, IN THE AIR RAILR0ADBU1LT ABOVE STREET. It will be observed that the telegraph wires in the engraving are fixed on posts in trom of the third story windows cf houses. Underneath the wires, and in front of the sec- ond story windows is a railway track on each side of the street. These tracks are supported by strong arches resting < n the pavements, and ro arranged that the ordi- nary business cf th? street, the carriageway and sidewalk are not at all i nterf ered with. Those in the en- graving are represented as being propelled by the new atmospheric railway principle by ex- hausting the air in a large tube in the mid- dle of the track, by means of a stationary steam engine at each end of the line. Such is the value of space in large cities, and such the multitude of persons going from one part cf the city to another, that there is every reason to believe this project of a railroad would be successful and yield large profits in a city like New York. In Broadway, for in- stance, the throng of carriages and pedes- trians is fo great, that some project of this character will have to be adopted. A lady riding a few days since on horseback through one cf the Bos- 'on streets was stared at particularly hard be- cause she sported a pair of nice, clean, snowy white pantalettes with ruffled straps! We have heard ef ruffled :hirts, collars, and tem- pers, but never befor- of ruffled straps. |HE people to a man are of an inquiring disposi- tion, and they rarely let an opportunity escape of satisfying their curiosity. A newspaper con- stitutes the very breath of Jonathan's nostrils. From " Old England and Necw England. It is estimated that I Editors who are too over 35,000 letters and ! stiff and independent about 200,000 news- to copy anything from papers pass daily papers seldom furnish through the post office anything worth reading in New York. in their own. Mr. Capon of Bos- ton, has proposed to the Massachusetts Legis- lature the purchase of the freedom of all the slaves in the country. UBrl It is reported that the Mr. John R Gmigh telegraph wires on the lately lectured at Troy, Buffalo line have been N. Y.. for $25, and injured by immense the receipts were over flights of pigeons. $300, at a shilling a Rather doubtful. head. AUGUST. Events will take place, and circum- stances will happen; also things will come tc pass. Beware, there- fore, and trust the stars. You may have a cold in the head, and you may not. Taceis Lat- in for candle, and things must be as they may. Avoid apoplexy, give no encouragement to rheumatism, and, if you ire taken ill with ty- phus fever, don t stand it. Drink not physic slowly, and take chlo- roform when you are having your hair cut, or sitting for your daguer- reotype. ESTABLISHED IN 1847 BY ROGERS BROS. Vol. II. No. 5. OCTOBER, 1847. Five Cents IMMIGRATION UNPARALLELED EUROPEANS COMING HERE IN INCREASING NUMBERS CAUSES OF THIS INVASION OF OUR COUNTRY BY FOREIGNERS. The scene depicted by our artist is one which occurred on ar rival of a packet ship at New York. Th. artist has given us here the actual scene. On the left is an emigrant hearing of the death of relative; near by is represented the meeting if man and wife after long separation; hard by a son is supporting an aged father, while in the background two lovers are greeting each other; there a man is uperintending the load- ng of a dray, and here i dock loafer is picking his pocket. The scene, altogether, is one of the most suggestive charac- and furnishes an [epitome of scenes often witnessed upon the ar- 'al of emigrant vessels. Since the first day of January, 1846, nearly [275,000 immigrant; lave landed in the city f New York. This may seem a startling announcement. The transportation of immigrants has become fin important branch of usiness in the merchant Vessels of our Atlantic pities. Large shipping ouses are each season jmploying from twenty o thirty first-class ves- iels, and the tide of im- nigration is this year etting towards the United States in a de •eree unparalleled in the nistory of the country The causes of this are both natural and extra ordinary. Two natur ,al or permanent causes jhave long existed. The first of these is (the depressed normal condition of the poorer classes throughout Eu- jrope. > 1 Five nations form the rcgreat mass of foreign I immigrants; they are I English, Scotch, Irish, [French and German. 1 The Irish and German make the largest frac- tion; for Great Britain colonizes her English and Scotch, but never her Irish subjects. mercy, take advantage of such a crisis to fill their vessels, with two little discrimination, with paupers, wilh th? diseased, and even crim- inals. Something w.ll have to be done before long to prevent this reprehensi- ble p'acticc cf those actuat-d only by a de- sire to I..] t!icir pockets, regard.crs cf the wel- fare of this country. The first report of the commirloners of emigrat on cf t!:e port of Nrw York, was pre- sented to t' :; Legislature ofNewYcikon lues- day, October 19. It sets forth that since the fifth of May last, 101,- 546 emigrants of both sexes have arrived at that port. Of said pao- A NEW ENTER- PRISE—A project has recently been started for connecting New York with the interior by a ship canal. It is said that all New York will have to do to open a communication for ships of four thousand barrels freight from there to Chicago is to enlarge her late canal from Troy to Lake Champlain and the Canadians will do the rest. With the ocean on one side and her Erie Railroad and Erie canal on the othir, and her northern ship canal giving her a ship communication with the Great Lakes, New York would enjoy a po- sition with a mighty commerce such as no city ever enjoyed before. PARASOLS IN DRAWING ROOM — The introduction of gas lights into private houses has been taken advantage of by the la- dies, who under protest against the glare and dazzling uncomforta- bleness cf such bright lights, deliberately spread parasolsin anev- cning soiree, and (inci- dental advantage) con- verse under and behind the same very agreeably . A p nk parasol judic- iously held between a lady's face and a gas burner, throws a ten- der, roseate hue over the complexion, and can be dexterously ma- nceuvered, of course, to curtailan annoying per- spective, or furnish glances in effective mo- REAPPEARANCE OF MR. CLAY IMPRESSIVE OCCASION LEXINGTON, KY. AT ARRIVAL OF IMMIGRANT SHIP. The second cause of immigration is the ex- tent, fertility, and easy tenure of our public lands yet unoccupied. Nine-tenths of all immigrants who land on our coast go into the interior of the Middle States, to the Far West, or become the builders of our railroads and canals. There are two extra- ordinary causes of im- migration. The first is the famine in Ireland and scarcity in other countries of Europe. The second is the venality of certain class- es of shippers, who, un- der the natural plea of sengers there were na- :ives of Germany 43.208 Ireland . . 40,820 England anc Wales 6.501 Holland . 2,966 France 2,633 Scodand . 1,856 Switzerland 1,506 Norway . 881 Belgium . 478 West Indies 265 Italy . . 130 Sweden . 119 Spain . 72 Denmark 51 Portugal . 31 Poland . 21 East Indies 7 South Ameri ca 1 Total 101.546 LATEST NEWS FROM MEXICO — Gen. Scott has taken part of the city and commands the whole of it from the heights of Chapultepec. The se- vere batde for these heights cost our army many a brave man. The Mexicans lost 4.- 000 killed and wound- ed, the Americans 1,- 700. Santa Anna was wounded but retired slowly and occupied a strong position at Gua- daloupe. It was re- ported that the Mexi- cans under Paredes had i retaken Puebla. No appearance of peace! yet. nopoly to the privil- eged. The arts do not seem to have fallen be- hind the sciences in the march of improvement. A CHANCE FOR EMIGRANTS-The State of Arkansas in- vites emigrants to come and take lands which have been forfeited for taxes, and no payment will be required on them. The auditor on proof of setdement will make a deed, which the supreme court has de- cided will be valid. The forfeited tracts comprise some of the finest lands in the State. STEPS AGAIN FROM PRIVATE LIFE TO GIVE ELOQUENT WARNING. The imposing and im- I that may be assigned pressive reappearance, (for it. quite recently, of such ' On Saturday, I 3th a man as Henry Clay Y.clo°?,r- at ,2 M- Mr. Clay met an im- mense concourse of his fellow citizens in Lex- ington, Kentucky, and, after presenting a series of resolutions, addressed them for about two hours, in an earnest, frank and eloquent il- lustration of the views embodied in resolutions presented by himself. Mr. Clay, when h? appeared upon the stand, wasreceived with tumultuous and long- continued acclamation. He stood for a while, erect and silent, gath- ering himself up, as it were, and concentrat- ing his force for a great occasion. It may be, it proba- bly will be, that in the heated atmosphere of war, the high moral and Christian senti- mentsembodied by Mr. Clay in his resolutions will find little accept- ance; that the self-de- nial which they incul- cate, the respect for th? opinions of mankind, and the regard for the rights of the conquered and the helpless, will fall powerless, if not re- pulsively, upon ears on the political scene- habituated with tales cf his stepping forward as battle and blood, of tri- a volunteer from private | umphant entries over life, again to raise his ; slaughtered thousands eloquent voice in behalf I into captive cities and of the true interests of that when Mr. Clay his country, which he says to the popular crav- looks upon as in great ing for extended tern- jeopardy by reason of tory, "Peace be still! the Mexican war, and he addresses himself to its apparent aim of ears of more than adder boundless conquest and deafness. If all this be comprehensive annexa- so, Mr. Clay will still tion; such an appari- ; have the approval of don, at any moment his own heart, fitted to arrest the at- ! In words of one who tention and command knows him, "He would the interest of all his | rather be right than countrymen, derives President, "and the day special weight and grav- may come, when, if his ity from the circumstan- counsels are neglected, ces in which it is pre- the country may see sented, and the motives cause to rue it. are indebted to Scientific American, American Review, Gleason's Pictorial and others of the " 1847" period for material in this issue. Meriden, Conn., October, 1906— MERIDEN BRITANNIA CO.— International Silver Co., Succ«ssor. I "SILVER. PLATE THAT WEAFL.S" 3 HOLLOWWARE-PAST AND PRESENT. No. II. Disturbing Elements. When the buying publie had once come to realize the worth of plated hollowware — all hollowware at that period being good hollowware, well made, honestly plated — the demand increased rapidly and the industry began to experience a period of phenomenal growth. Skilled workmen were em- ployed and a great deal of attention was paid to the designing, with the result that the demand increased steadily. Not only did the new goods ap- peal to those who, not having the means to purchase solid silver, had been forced to be content with pewter or britannia ware, but the more wealthy came to realize that plated hollowware had a definite place in their households, in exactly the same way that plated flatware has. These were the days of great prosperity for the makers and in consequence for the sellers of silver plated hollowware. A "MERIDEN" GROUP Produced in the Early '60s. FADS AND FRAUDS. This prosperity continued for some years. Then came an interruption. About fifteen years ago the hollowware business ran into one of the worst kind of snags that threaten the navigator. They call this sort of a snag a "fad." A dealer may combat all kinds of difficulties and come out trium- phant, only to meet defeat in the case of a fad. The fad we speak of was the "sterling" bugaboo. Now, good sterling, of course, is the finest kind of silverware — and it costs accordingly. Poor sterling, however, is another matter. Good plated ware — Mkriden Standard — is immeasurably its superior. The trade knows this. But when the "ster- ling" fad sprang up the dealer was swamped. The demand was for "sterling" — any old kind of "sterling," the poorest made, the least artistic the better, because it was cheap. Another imfortunate circumstance was the jeweler's attempt to supply the demand for china and art goods. The dealer is now beginning to realize Supplied to retailers by all leading jobbers & SILVER.. PLATE THAT WEAR.S" that this stepping aside from the beaten path of his trade was not a financial success. The "sterling" fad may have been beyond his control, but in the case of the china and art goods departure he was guilty of at least contribu- tary negligence. A third disturbing element that tended to discredit good silver plate was the placing upon the market of greatly inferior goods, made of poor ma- terial by incompetent workmen, and covered with the thinnest kind of plat- ing. People "bit" because the goods were cheap, but, discovering the fraud, their disgust caused them to turn not only against the poor goods but silver plate in general. FUTURE OF PLATED HOLLOWWARE. It looks now as if plated hollowware was coming into its own again. The call for "sterling" — anything so that it is "sterling" — is dying out. The buying public is beginning to use the horse sense which it possesses in so large a measure but which failed when brought face to face with the "ster- ling" fad and the cheap plated ware craze. The dealer, too, realizes that there should be a good profit for him in plated hollowware — the best kind, Meriden Standard. A little effort on his part, a little local advertising along this line, instructions to his salespeople to explain the virtues of plated hollowware, should work wonders. The fact that some of the leading deal- ers who have been wont to relegate plated hollowware to an unimportant part of the store are now displaying it promi- nently— and with gratifying re- sults— shows which way the wind is blowing. Our advice to talk plated hollowware is, of course, not wholly disinterested, but we sincerely believe that it will prove of great benefit to the dealer. There is a good profit in plated hollowware. There is no reason why it should not prove a very profitable line during the coming season. At any rate, that is the way that the situation appears to us. All that is needed, we believe, is a pull altogether by maker and dealer. We are ready to pull — are you? MODERN WARE, by Meriden Britann ( To be Continued.) 'Distributed to the public by progressive dealers 1847 — THEN- -THE SILVER STANDARD -now— 190(i *■ TKiUE — "1847 Rogers Bros.'" — mark THEN— 1847— AND— 1906— NOW. Established in 1847 by Rogers Bros. issued by Meriden Britannia Co.,Meriden, Or. (International Silver t'o., Successor.) Vol. II— No. 5. OCTOBER, 1906. 5 Cents J847-IMMIGRATION-J906. A casual perusal of the newspapers and magazines of 1847 will disclose the fact that the subject of immigration was occupying the thoughts of many. The tide was turning westward strongly in that year. The famine in Ireland was driving many of her sons from her borders and the United States was the Land of Promise they sought. All Europe suffered from the failure of the crops and the Irishman had plenty of company in his journey to the new home. Compared with the figures of to- day the number of im- migrants in 1847 was not large, but it was no inconsiderable number for nearly sixty years ago. The infusion of foreign blood at a time when the republic had not much more than gotten accustomed to finding itself firmly upon its own feet was a tremendously important event and presented problems that were recognized as exceedingly grave. It is most natural, then, that we should find so much space devoted in the publica- tions of the 1847 period to the subject of immigration. The number of immigrants landed during the year 1 847 was 239,270. In 1 905, accord- ing to the annual report of Commissioner Frank P. Sargent, there were 1,026,499. For the fiscal year ending June 30 last, there were 1,100,073. The number denied entrance to this country last year was 12,433. During recent years Italy, Austria, Hun- gary and Russia have sent over hosts of their people. Sixty years ago, if the immi- grant was not an Irishman, he was pretty sure to be a German. From 1841 to 1850 we received 780,000 exiles from the Emer- ald Isle. Germany sent the next largest number— 435,000. In 1850 the Irish con- stituted over forty-two per cent, of the entire foreign population. Between I 783 and 1820 it is believed that only 250,000 immigrants came to our shores. The number, however, gradually increased until 1847, when, as we have said, the failure of the crops in Europe gave a startling impetus to the movement. The problems involved are today more grave than they were sixty years ago. As showing the changed conditions in the East, for instance, it is interesting to read the following from the American Magazine of the year 1834, the statement made being practically as correct for 1847 as for 1834. "It is in New England that you find Jona- than at home. In the other states there is a mixture, greater or less, of foreign population, but in New England the people are homo- geneous and native; the emigrant does not settle there — the country is too full of people, while the fertile soil of the West holds out superior attractions to the stran- ger." Among those who "came over" about 1847 we find some notable names — names of men who have made great and lasting impress- ions on the life of the nation. Andrew Car- negie "landed" in 1848 and Archbishop Ire- land in 1849. Thomas Nast, whose pencil so boldy attacked the mighty Tweed, was an immigrant boy in 1846, as were Edward and Thomas Moran, the artists, in 1844. Among other items in this number of The Standard to which we would particularly di- rect the reader's attention are those dealing with the beginnings of electric lighting, and the rumor of an Atlantic cable. Our second article in the series on " Hol- low ware — Past and Present," should be read by every seller of silverware. There's a mes- sage in it for him. TYPOGRAPHER INVENTION OF 1847 PERIOD WAS ANCESTOR OF MODERN TYPEWRITER. It was in 1874 that the typewriter was placed on the market for general sale. Trans- pose the last two figures of this date and we have 1847 — familiar to our readers — in which year and in 1856 A. Ely Beach, of New York, secured patents on a machine involving the system of type bearing levers arranged in a circle, swingingtoward and printing at a common center. The inked ribbon and also the bell indicating the end of the line were features of this machine, which, although slow in action, embodied principles which have since been successfully utilized and are today prominent features of the typewrit- ing machine. Another predecessor of the mod- ern typewriter, patented about the same time as Mr. Beach's invention, was the "typographer" of John Jones, of Roch- ester, N. Y., which is illustrated here, and contrasted with a mod- ern machine. It was described as follows : "Strictly speaking, this is a machine for copying manuscript by printing it in letter form. It is a neat and ingenious little printing press for letters. " The letter paper is put on the cylinder, C, which is pushed in towards the center of the rings before printing is commenced, for every line. "As the printing ring of type revolves or is moved round by the handle, D, every time the said handle is brought down the specific letter on the type ring leaves its impression on the paper, and cylinder, C, is moved by the same action, a small distance forward to leave space for the next letter. The index ring. A, is for the purpose of showing what letter or figure the handle, D, hangs over, in order to press it down and imprint a like letter on the paper. "When the cylinder, C, moves the paper to the end of the line, a small alarm is sounded, and the said cylinder is run back on its ways, and in doing so it is turned one notch around to leave a space for the next line. As the type ring passes over the ink rollers, each type receives its ink for printing. " This ingenious machine is very compact, not over a foot square, and is not compli- cated considering the work it performs. As already stated it was not until 1874 that the typewriter was placed on the mar- ket, and during the first few years only a small number was sold. " People," we are told, "were not only indifferent, but were antagonistic." 1847 — THBN- -THE SILVER STANI>\U> -now— 1906 DETROIT CEASED TO BE THE CAPITAL OF THE STATE OF MICHIGAN IN THE YEAR 1847. It was in the year 1847 that Detroit ceased to be the capital of the State of Michigan, a position she had held for ten years. Her pop- ulation in that year was less than 18,000. The last United States census reported it as 285,704, almost that of the entire state in 1847—300,000. The Detroit of 1847 is described as fol- lows: "Detroit is the concentrating point of the commerce and banking of the whole State ; in fact, there are no banks in the State except in Detroit. More than two-thirds of the exports from the State are from Detroit, and over three- fourths of the imports into the State are into the single port of Detroit. "The most of the stores are substantial brick buildings, there being several very fine blocks of three and four story brick stores, which together with the warehouses, many very good dwelling houses, churches, and other public buildings, give the town rather an imposing appear- ance as seen from the river, or from the opposite shore at Windsor. " The city is supplied with water from the Detroit river by means of a hydraulic estab- lishment in the upper part of the city. " There are in Detroit sixteen churches : four Roman Catholic, two Episcopalian, one Presbyterian, one Congregational, three Meth- odist, two Baptist, one German Lutheran and one Sailor's Bethel. "The public buildings consist of the old State House, the United States building, the State building for the Supreme Court and public offices, the County Court House, the County Jail, the City Hall and Market, and scarcely any vegetation grows, except very the Fireman's Hall." small scrubby oaks." The surveyors' report The value of Detroit's exports in 1847 was resulted in postponing the settlement of Mich- $3,883,318; imports, $4,020,559. She led Cleveland, Chicago, Milwaukee and the other upper lake ports above Buffalo in the amount of wool and lumber; she was " the leading primary flour market of the upper lakes," al- though the figures for 1847 were surpassed by those of Cleveland. In variety of articles re- ceived in considerable quantities for export Detroit was third among the upper lake ports, Toledo and Cleveland being first and second respectively. In 1848 the Michigan Central railroad erected a large freight depot — "the largest per- haps in the world, 100 feet wide, and extend- ing along the river 800 feet, with a wharf in front of it 40 feet wide." The settlement of Michigan occurred 20 years later than should have been the case. igan until twenty years later. Hunt's Maga- zine for July 1 848 (from which much of the material for this sketch was derived) said re- garding this unfortunate report : " It has been shrewdly hinted that the old French setllers out-Yankeed the Yankee, and put a very successful and profitable joke upon the surveyors. Hospitable and kind and offi- cious, they entertained the surveyors at the River Basin and Detroit, and occasionally lent them guides, who led them over almost im- passable marshes, through swamps and over sand knolls, till their minds were properly impressed in regard to the capabilities of Mich- igan. In subsequent years the secret has been slyly let out that the fur trade, doomed to cer- tain destruction by the inundation of settlers, was too valuable a prize to be relinquished if it could be saved a few years longer by wit or strategem." The views of Detroit here given contrast the city of the 1847 period with that of 1906. We are indebted to Pearson's Magazine for the cut showing the old city. CANNING. The art of hermetically sealing tomatoes in tin cans was first employed in 1847, by Harrison W. Crosby, when he was acting as stew- ard of Lafayette College, Easton, Pennsylvania. This discovery— later perfected and The reason for the delay is interesting, not to calling to its assistance labor-saving machinery say amusing. According to a report made in — was one of the great elements in developing 1815 to Hon. Josiah Meigs, then United the canning business, comparatively small at States Road Commissioner, "the surveyors that time, into the profitable industry it is who went to survey the military lands in to-day. Michigan Territory " found the country a very Another important discovery that was in- poor place for white men, consisting to a large strumental in the growth of the business was extent of "low, wet land, with a thick growth the invention in 1847 of the stamp can by of underbrush intermixed with very bad Allen Taylor. By the census of 1900 there marshes. *** The immediate spaces between were 2,195 canning establishments in the the swamps and lakes, which is nearly one- United States, with a capital of $48,497,978, half of the country, is, with very few ex- the value of the products being given as ceptions, a poor, barren, sandy land, on which $82,592, 1 96. J£4T R.OGERS BKOS SILVER. PLATE THAT WEARS 2 m are to be Selected 1847 ROGERS BROS! 'SilBU Plan thai Weai ■ ..,„., irad, m I ,;,„.i,r.l ,.. ,x..l •i. "1847 ROGERS BROS. THESE ARE Your Advertisements "We show on this page, in reduced form, two column advertisements that will appear in the November issues of the Ladies' Home Journal, Woman's Home Companion, Ladies' World, Housekeeper, Modern Priscilla, Delin- eator and Designer. Equally effective advertisements appear in over 500 daily, weekly and monthly publications The attention of a good proportion of their millions of readers will be called to the desirability of giving presents of flatware stamped 1847 ROGERS BROS." or high grade hollowware with the trade mark MADE AND GUARANTEED BY * * * Rogers Bros. If you handle our ware these an- nouncements will be directly in your interest. We advertise the goods, it is for you to let people know that you have them. This co-operation on our part in help- ing you sell "1847 Rogers Bros." and Meriden Britannia Co. "Silver Plate that Wears" is one reason why it pays to handle our goods. A reputation of sixty years, familiarity with our ware and trade marks on the part of the public and honest workmanship in the making, which (together with knowing how) gives the long-wearing qualities, are among the other reasons. Owing to the great activity in busi- ness we would urge that orders for the holiday trade be placed as promptly as possible. Most Appropriate^ <•„._.„. .u,.,|.!e;n st>le. ..ml gfj f the neues. shapes. This |* Hid .it Mis ens -.lie hears rile iS| ROGERS BROS! ffi "Sitotr Tlalt that Wears " p* • Sixty vrais'M experience hav« ' brought to Mis- hs-r^h. oi perfe. Won the original 'IROGF.RS" , ware, fh . introduced in 1847. J ROGERS BROS Sour Tttr. s>rt*. Tins 1 Supplied to retailers by all leading jobbers g st'hlX!r-wfe'^ • 1&4T R.OGETLS BR.OS ® ~H made **o guaranteed by MERIDEN BRITANNIA CO., MERIDEN, CONNECTICUT /5'WI0<5\ (International S:lvcr Co., Successor) NEW YORK HAMILTON, CANADA CHICAGO -HOLLOWWARE TRADE* ROGERS BROS. ks- [MIBICol (A^J -HOLLOWWARE TRABEWIARKS 'Distributed to the public by progressive dealers jg 184T KOGERS BKOS SILVER PLATE THAT WEARS b ornate, yet ■'■■■ :t qual- endurance winch 1847 ROGERS BROS? ■\W ROGERS BROS. trade mark to look f.i nive*, Forks. Swoons I).. IV. IX Bak* D THESE ARE Your Advertisements We show on this page, in reduced form, two column advertisements that will appear in the November issues of the Ladies' Home Journal, Woman's Home Companion, Ladies' World, Housekeeper, Modern Priscilla, Delin- eator and Designer. Equally effective advertisements appear in over 500 daily, weekly and monthly publications The attention of a good proportion of their millions of readers will be called to the desirability of giving presents of flatware stamped 1847 ROGERS BROS." or high grade trade mark hollowware with the MADE AND GUARANTEED BY * * * Rogers Bros. If you handle our ware these an- nouncements will be directly in your interest. We advertise the goods, it is for you to let people know that you have them. This co-operation on our part in help- ing you sell "1847 Rogers Bros." and Meriden Britannia Co. "Silver Plate that Wears" is one reason why it pays to handle our goods. A reputation of sixty years, familiarity with our ware and trade marks on the part of the public and honest workmanship in the making, which (together with knowing how) gives the long- wearing qualities, are among the other reasons. Owing to the great activity in busi- ness we would urge that orders for the holiday trade be placed as promptlv as possible. ^ ffl Appropriate! scan ei\ hai e too mm-h renrara t. 11 is rfesirabl design, suil of the newest shapes. I his q|j kmd of sil ROGERS BROS: ft ~SittKr Flaic thai Wear a " \ brought to (he herghi nf perfei ii..n the origii ..! ^ROGERS" I I in 1847. J I ho Catalogue " ts j valuable R«)p Supplied to retailers by all leading jobbers £ SILVER.. PLATE THAT WEARS 1&47 KOGEKS BROS © "% maoe «no guaranteed Bv MERIDEN BRITANNIA CO., MERIDEN, CONNECTICUT X?^l£?if\ (International Silver Co., Successor) srvUul.>i IJOW NEW YORK HAMILTON, CANADA CHICAGO '** HOOERS iROS. -HOLLOWWARE TRADEMARKS — | M I SICol L^.\j) Iw^M ^Ou'w'fs' — HOLLOWWARE TRADEMARKS — ilujKa 'Distributed to the public by progressive dealers THE SILVER STANDARD, OCTOBER, 1847 TIT* Si I ucr Standard Established in 1847 BY Rogers Bros OCTOBER. 1847. NEW LIGHT ELECTRICITY MADE TO SUPPLY IT. A Mr. Staite has se- cured a patent in Lon- don for rendering light available by electricity, a subject to which we have frequently directed attention through our columns. Mr. Staite has constructed an elec- tric lamp and has pro- duced a powerful vol- ume of light from a battery of very small power. Amongst several ap- plications which he con- templates may be men- tioned one. viz: tele- graphing by means of flashes of light through colored media. With four sets of electrodes for example, placed in glasses, colored white, red, green and blue, the whole alphabet, with the numerals, are indicated by a very simple code of signals, and with astonishing rapidity. The key-board of the telegraph is so ar- ranged that each key in the series is colored red, white, green and blue, and when either key is pressed down, it com- pletes the circuit with that particular electrode at the distant station which exhibits the same colored flash. There may be any number of keys, and one to strike a bell at the conclusion of each word, or for the ordinary purpose of drawing attention, etc. For night signals on railways, Mr. S. pro- posed to have fixed, say, one enclosed in a red glass, one in green, and one in white. The battery wires are so arranged that which- ever lamp is required to show a light, the at- tendant at the station completes the circuit accordingly, and vice versa. The red light mayindicate "dinger," the green light 'cau- tion," and so on. These lights may be shown at any distance from the stations and be under the perfect con- trol at the same time, of the attendants at the station, a system calcu- lated to be of great ser- vice in preventing acci- dentsal nighl, especially in dark or foggy weath- er. Mr. S. uses the self-sustaining percolat- ing battery of Messrs. Brett and Little, Americans. It is hoped success will crown his efforts. BARNUM'S RESIDENCE. The above engraving represents Mr. Barnum's splendid mansion, or villa, near Bridgeport, Conn., constructed in the Oriental style. This magnificent structure is of a composite order, of the Byzantine, Moorish, and Turkish styles of architecture. Its entire front is 124 feet, the wings being thrown off irregularly, with domed conservatories at each extremity; the main building consists of three stories, each having broad piazzas supported by colonnades of graceful pillars, surmounted by minarets of the most elegant appearance. The cost of the structure and grounds will be some sixty thousand dollars. SLAVERY IN NEW ENGLAND — The Boston AtSen- eum says: "A portion of our readers will doubtless be surprised to learn that slavery ex- ists in New England, and that men and wom- en are sold or leased at public auction. Such is the fact. The per- sons thus barbarously treated are guilty of the dreadful crime of pov- erty, and because they are unable to take care of themselves and the town in which they live has no accommodation they are sold to individ- uals. The purchasers are obliged to feed and clothe these wicked paupers at the price agreed upon, which is paid by the town, and are at liberty to get as much labor out of them as they can. Able bodied men have stood by at these sales and seen their own relatives sold into slavery —their cousins, uncles and aunts, and even parents. CALIFORNIA NEWSPAPER-It appears, among govern- ment dispatches, that a newspaper was issued at Monterey, August 15th, called "The Californian," by Rob- ert Semple. Itisissued every Saturday, at five dollars a year. It is the size of a single leaf of fools-cap paper. STEAM FACT- ORY IN HART- FORD—"A com- pany has been formed in this city," says the Hartford Courant, "with a capital of $10,- 000 for the purpose of manufacturing goods from wool or cotton by steam. They are now laying the foundation of their factory in Little Grove Street near the corner of Potter. It is to be 1 40 feet long by 40 feet wide and 4 stories high. "We are informed that those who have been engaged in steam factories express the opinion that with the improved machinery steam power can be used with quite as good economy as water — the cost of the former being no more than what is usually paid for water privileges and for heating the buildings." SUBMARINE TELEGRAPHS- The London Mining Journal for August 1 4, contains a project for laying down a tele- graphic line of commu- nication between the west of IrelandandNova Scotia, to be composed of stout copper wires twisted, enclosed in an india rubber pipe. Sup- pose that it did not break in the middle, would not anchors, wrecks, &c. interfere? i AUTHOR OF ETHER-The State Legislature of Connect- icut, after a due con- sideration of the various claimants, have full> recognized Dr. Horace Wells, of Hartford, a, the sole discoverer of the (so called) Leth- eon as applicable to surgical operations and have passed him a vote of thanks. The editor of the Newburyport Adver- tiser has been shown a cherry stone of ordinary size, containing thirty dozen of well formed spoons. They were manufactured by Mr. A. J. Hodgkins of that city. lj|F there be one feature more striking than another §j| in American character, it is the boundless atten- tion they pay to woman. From " Old England and Netu England." TWO RUNA- WAYS-Calvin Wal- do, jailor, and B. F. Dickinson, deputy sher- iff, offer a reward of $25 for the arrest of John W. Ross, who broke from the Prange County Jail, Chelsea, V t. He is described as being about 5 feet 6 inches in height, about 18 years old, had on a tweed sack suit of red- dish color, with black cotton velvet on th^ collar and cuffs— vest of the same kind of cloth with gilt buttons, dark grey pantaloons, red- dish color plush cap, whiskers of about ten days' growth and of sandy complexion. An Eastern boss, ad- vertising a runaway ap- prentice describes him as being "thickly set, usually wearing a glazed hat five feet high , and iron shod shoes a little cross-eyed," &c. MECHANICS FOR THE WAR- forty-three mechanics, composed of black- miths, carpenters, sad- dlers, armorers, &c, irrived in this city on Saturday, from Pitts- burgh. They are in the employment of the Government, and re- ceive about forty-five dollars per month and one ration per day. They are a fine looking, ntelligent set of men, ind we are gratified that out of the evil of war comes the good of giving them employ- ment and high wages. They leave for their destination either today or tomorrow. — [Cin- cinnati Paper. RAILWAY BUS- IN ES S- Only four- teen lives and $18,000 worth of flour have been destroyed on two of the New England railroads during four weeks past. The Postmaster Gen- An old soak downl The population of eral has givrn notice East accounts for his I Jersey City in the State that the free transit of i perpetual thirst by the of New Jersey is at pres- British mails through fact that he was weaned : ent 5,862, this being an this country will cease | on salt codfish. Very I increase of 444 in one after November 16th. ! ingenious reason. I year. '' A miTkman in Cin- cinnati remarks in an advertisement that there are no creeks or streams between his dairy and the market. Twrnty ships are now on the docks of New York i^i the course of construction. They are of the first class, a number being steamers. OCTOBER. The harvest is gath- ered, and barns are full. The best month for brewing. Domestic storms and natural con- vulsions brewing as well as porter. Get all you can out of your friends. Make love to pretty women with money. Take heed, the world will come to an end some day. Pay your rent if you are obliged — not otherwise. Avoid accidents of every de- scription; and don t jump into a well blind- folded. Cljc suiter »tantoarfc ESTABLISHED IN 1847 BY ROGERS BROS. Vol. II. No. 6. DECEMBER, 1847. Five Cents KILLS SPARKS OF LOCOMOTIVE TOWNSEND'S INVENTION OF GREAT INTEREST HORIZONTAL PIPES CONVEY THE SMOKE TO THE END OF THE TRAIN. There can hardly be gress to the rear it keeps found a subject con- the inside of the pipes nected with railroad so moist as to quench travelling which has oc- all the sparks before cupied so much atten- they reach the end of tion as that of extin- the series, guishing the sparks from The several horizon- the fires of locomotives tal pipes are connected and conducting the to each other by sec- smoke from the train so tions of elastic pipes, as to exempt the pas- consisting of India rub- sengersfrom its annoy- ber cloth peculiarly pre- I ance. pared to withstand the The project of con- heat, and supported in ducting the smoke from its position by a helical the engine horizontally coil of wire, terminating to the rear has been a at each end in a metal- desideratum, but it has lie hoop which is so been left to Mr. Town- constructed as to be in- PEACE TERMS VERY SEVERE MEXICO MUST CEDE HER TERRITORY REFUSAL TO DO SO HAS CAUSED RENEWAL OF WAR BY UNITED STATES. The party in power, fallen short of the truth, acting through an Ad- By this project of a ministration everyway treaty Mexico is invited, fitted for the task, are on a penalty of the con - renewing the war upon tinuance of the war, to Mexico, in consequence yield up all her territory' of her refusal to cede north of the Rio Grande her territory, the prop- del Norte, together with erty of her citizens, says the province of Santa the American Review, Fe, the two Califor- a Whig publication. nias. and the free use The people of the of the isthmus of Te- United States have a huantepec;andtheUni- territcry of their own, ted States, in return, immense, sufficient for offers to pay the claims a population ten times of her own citizens arger than now pos- against Mexico, pro- sesses it. The people vided that they do not of Mexico, their neigh- exceed three millions, send to invent both a stantly adjusted and Albany, has taken A MATCH FOR Bridgeport, Conn., in bors, have also a terri- to pay in addition a cer jode of the ready con- j fastened to either end of measures for procuring \ TO M THUMB — 1838. The likeness is tory, bordering on their tain sum, to be hereaf- nection of the several either of the metallic a patent, and it is ex- Mr. J. A. Thomas, re- correct. 'own; they therefore, ter determined, and to pipes by elastic sections pipes. pected that the travel- siding in Beaver street, Incidentally the under a pretext, fall demand nothing for the and to so condense the | The several pipes on ling public will soon en- Philadelphia, has a gowns of the two la- upon their neighbors costs of war. exhaust steam within any number of cars are joy some of the benefits match for Tom Thumb, dies in the picture show and after abloody war, I We have based our the pipes as to extin- thus connected or oc- of the invention, in the person of Miss the latest Paris fashions, marching to their capi- rights upon violence, guish the sparks and casionally detached I Lizzy, who is being tal, dictate terms of pushed aside the Con- measurably clarify thej without any trouble or CHEAP POST- represented as being 8 A POST OFFICE peace, conditioning for stitution, and put the smoke in its passage. exertion on the part of AGE — The deficit of years old, measuring ON WHEELS — an immense and valua- purse in the hands of an We can see no reason the brakeman. Each the first year after the about 25 1-2 inches in Since the running of ble tract of their neigh- irresponsible Executive, why it should not be joint or section is fur- ac<. was $800,000; the height and weighing cars on the Northern bors' territory; and on What then follows? immediately introduced nished with a small deficit of the last year about 30 pounds. Railroad, and to ob- a just and bold refusal An immense national and extensively adopt- water pipe which pass- was $640,000; while There is a peculiarity viate the necessity of on the part of Mexico, debt — deep taxation— ed, feeling assured that es down the side of the 'he deficit this year is in her conformation by detaining the Boston they renew the war, a steady augmentation a majority of travellers car for the escape of the only $40,000. It is means of which she is mail to be changed ai heaping injury upon in- and extension of the would give a ready water produced by the rumored that a plan enabled to put her feet Concord, N. H., a jury. contral powei — corrupt preference to such condensation of the,will be introduced into upon her shoulders, and short car is fitted up for After the insult of- elections — the rapid trains as should be fur- steam. I the next Congress to re- also to arise from a sit- the purpose, and a dep- fered by our govern- waste of the public nished with this appa- i Nearly over the safe- duce the rates of post- ting position on the uty of the Concord ment in the mission of funds and neglect of all ratus, even at an ad- ty valve is a valve open- age and make all letters floor without using her Post Office proceeds to Mr. Slidell, an insult improvements, vanced rate of fare. CENSUS OF It is we hope to see it. ing upward for the'im- be prepaid. This hands to aid her, and Franklin, preparing the apparendy intended to mediate escape of the would indeed be salu- without bending the way mails for delivery, exasperate the Mexi steam when blown off tary Postal Reform and joints of her knees. and the larger ones for cans, it was very natu- p^rx/nVMn rally expected that the Vr11- v tLfiNU. 1 he census or the city of Cleveland, Ohio, has just been taken. The following is an abstract of the returns : whites, 12.575; colored, 194 -total, 12,769. In- crease since 1840 is 6,698; increase in the last eighteen months, 2,634. DEATH OF EX- CHANCELLOR KENT-The able and -P . learned Ex-Chancellor the vertical with the casionally the rear end STUBBORN— Santa (Charles Sherwood HOME— Old Rough would partake of the York on Monday, the This improved appa- ratus is so well repre- sented in the engraving that we have thought it inexpedient to use any letters of reference. It will be seen that a bell- muzzle pipe projects horizontally forward of the regular smoke pipe of the engine, and which, after its junction with the smoke pipe, extends rear-wards. This front pipe is for the admission of cold air; and die steam from the engine is conducted separate from the smoke nearly to the junction of GEN. TAYLOR picture of Tom Thumb GEN. TAYLOR mission of Mr. horizontal pipes; and of the series of horizon- Anna intimates he won Stratton). The little and Ready was re then, coming in contact tal pipes, thus throw- the battle of Buena fellow, who has created ceived in New Orleans with the cold air, it be- ing the smoke upwards. Vista three times, but no end of interest both on the 3rd inst., in the comes partially con- 1 The inventor, Mr. Gen. Taylor was too in this country and injmost magnificent man- densed and in its pro- |S. P. Townsend, of stubborn to know it. [Europe, was born inlner. same spirit and lead to | 3th inst. His remains the same result, the were carried to the continuance of the war. grave attended by a Nor has the public ex- most imposing proces- pectation on this point . sion of all classes, We are indebted to Godey's Lady's Book, Scientific American and others of the " 1847" period for material in this issue- Meriden, Conn., December, 1906— MERIDEN BRITANNIA CO.— International Silver Co., Successor. SILVER. PLATE THAT WEARS'* HOLLOWWARE-PAST AND PRESENT. No. III. Return of Prosperity. We believe that plated hollowware is about to enter upon a phenomenally prosperous era. Our reason for so thinking is not merely that we desire it should, but cold facts show that the present demand is for something better than poor sterling but less costly than good sterling. There is one correct answer to that problem, and that answer is good plated ware — Meriden Standard hollowware. Reports from many quarters show that the buying public is taking a greater degree of interest in plated hollowware than it has for years. Be- lieving that such a demand means increased business, we desire to be in a position not only to meet the demand but to hasten it. We urge every dealer, therefore, to talk plated hollowware, and to remind the public to look for these trade-marks: MADE AND GUARANTEED BY ROGERS BROS. IRIOnl I T"^ I INICKELSILVERI IPllOl L^J Iw.m. MCUNTSJ The question, so far as it concerns dealer and maker, is just this : i. There should be a good profit in plated hollowware. 2. The place that the ware should fill is so obvious that it is no difficult task to make the public understand that it is to its interest to buy. 3. The uartial usurpation of the rightful position of plated hollowware by china and art goods appears to be at an end. 4. Great things are accomplished by co-operative endeavor — a principle we have demonstrated and are demonstrating every day. If you have fol- lowed our general advertising the past months, you know we have been doing our part. Are you ready to do yours ? Do not be afraid to educate the public. Meriden Standard hollow- low ware is far superior to poor sterling, china or art goods. You know it is and why it is. Let the people know, too. Supplied to retailers by all leading jobbers £ "SILVER. PLATE THAT WEAR.S 3 The Delineator will announce its Holiday Issue (mentioning its leading advertisers) in 510 of the most prominent daily newspapers. The makers of "1847 Rogers Bros." are the only silver- ware concern referred to bv the Delineator. distributed to the public by progressive dealers 1S47 — THEN- -THE SILVER STANDARD- -now— 1906 trade — "1847 Rockks Bros." — mark then — 1847 — and — 1906 — now. Established in 1847 by Rogers Bros. issued by Meridex Britannia Co.,Meriden, Ct. (International Silver Co., Successor.) Vol. II— No. 6. DECEMBER, 1906. 5 Cents THE SECOND VOLUME. The second volume of The Silver Standard closes with this, the December, number. If our readers have derived a tithe of the pleas- ure and instruction from a perusal of its pages that we have experienced in their preparation, the Silver Standard has not been in vain. In the first number of Vol. II we explained our purpose in issuing the little publication. Those of our friends who have followed our efforts with any degree of interest will be able to determine whether we have accomplished what we had in mind. A glance at your file — if you are among those who have kept files - will show if "The fore the memorable discovery of gold and the city just prior to the recent catastrophe. The "striking similarity" was brought out by fig- ures proving that the South was more interest- ed in manufactures in 1847 than we who hear so much about the "new" south may have supposed. The next number was a special issue, gotten out as a feature of the Centennial celebration of Meriden, Conn., and was distributed large- ly among Centennial visitors. No. 4 contrasted old and new St. Paul. In that number (he electric car was found to be an older institution than doubtless most of us supposed, the first of its kind hav- ing been exhibited at Dover, N. H., July 26, 1847. A projected elevated railroad for New York also was illustrated in that issue. Detroit was the city described in No. 5, and the modern typewriter was shown to have had a predecessor in 1847. Thus have we "kept the faith." "In delv- ing into the musty annals of the first half of the nineteenth century," to quote again from our first number, "we have been forcibly impressed by the fact that the year 1847 was remarka- ble for other reasons than that great reason which we have known so long — the discovery of the electro-silver plating process by Rogers ATLANTA CITY RECEIVED ITS CHARTER AND ITS PRESENT NAME IN YEAR 1847. In 1847 Atlanta sought and obtained its charter and what we may term the real his- tory of the great Southern city began. In 1836 there had been but one house— the little log cabin of Mr. Hardy Ivy. Atlanta was at that time known as Terminus, being the eastern end of the Western and Atlantic Rail- road. Three years later Mr. John Thrasher, an old woman and her daughter were the only inhabitants. In 1842 there were not more than three or four families. Three very important things happened in the latter year. The first two- story building was erected, the first steam en- gine was brought to the settlement and the first land sale was made at auction. The following year the people secured a corporate name and charter from the Legisla- ture and Terminus became Marthasville, so Standard for 1906" is what we hoped to make it when we described it, last February, as follows: "The first and last pages remain as they were in form, reprinting the news of 1847 as found in various newspapers and other peri- odicals of that year. The fourth and fifth pages will present views of localities, build- ings, etc., as they appeared in 1847. and as they, or their successors, appear today. A short description will accompany the illustra- tions and help the latter to emphasize the great changes that have taken place since 1847, or the striking similarity between the ideas of to- day and those of nearly sixty years ago." In No. 1 we presented a view of the cor- ner of Broad and George (now Sansom) streets, Philadelphia, with the "poverty caste" build- ing of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia ot 1847, and contrasted that with the same corner as it is now, the site being oc- cupied by the Land and Title Company's sky- scraper. Showing "the striking similarity of nearly sixty years ago," the principle of the unique aerial ferry at Duluth was found to have been familiar to the readers of the Scien- tific American two generations before the fer- ry actually was built. In No. 2 the Chicago of 1847 and of 1906 were contrasted, as were the street sprinklers used in those periods. No. 3 showed San Francisco (then known as Yerba Buena) as it appeared the year be- Bros. During the course of the year, it will be our privilege to demonstrate this fact in the successive numbers of The Silver Standard." We feel very confident that we have demon- strated that fact, and, although time and space would permit of but hasty glances here and there, we trust that those glances have shown something of "the events and thoughts, the customs and fashions of the year 1847." We hope, some day not too far distant, to present a sketch of this time in more connected form and at some- what greater length. As a view not merely of the year 1847 but of the period — a period both picturesque and eventful — it should prove of value to all interested in the history of our country. The first number of Vol. Ill of the Stand- ard will appear in February, at which time an announcement of our plans similar to that of the present year, quoted above, may be ex- pected. We may say at this time, however, that we hope to make the magazine as inter- esting in the coming year as it has been in the past — indeed we believe that The Standard of 1 907 will be of still greater value to its readers. That the Standard has met with favor is evidenced by the cordiality shown by many of the ttade and by the very liberal use of extracts from its columns by prominent newspapers | — one paper reproducing the entire first page I of one number. called in honor of a daughter of Ex-Governor Lumpkin. During 1844 and 1845 the first factory, an old tread saw-mill, was erected, the first news- paper, the Luminary, was established, the first school-house and church, combined in one, were erected and the first through train from Augusta to Marthasville was put on. Three more newspapers came in 1846, and the first important mass meeting was held, in celebration of the completion of the Macon and Western Railroad. In 1847, as we have said, the city received its charter and became Atlanta. The first city election was held January 28, 1848. From this time on progress was both steady and rapid. Nor is the end in sight, for the beautiful city of 1906 believes — and there is every reason to think believes rightly — that the present day conditions are but prophetic of still greater advancement. In 1861 the population had risen to 13,- 000 and business had increased proportion- ately. New enterprises and industries created by the war brought more people to the city than were drawn to the battle-field and the cily refused to be ruined by the conditions that dealt the South as a whole so severe a blow. The population in 1864 was 20,000. By 1880 it had become 37,409 and Atlanta had become the forty-eighth city in the country. 1847— THEN THE SILVER STANDARD- -xow- 190f> In 1890 there were 65,533 people and in 1900 the number was 89,872. According to Governor J. M. Terrell's estimate, there are now 1 1 1 ,000 within and at least 25,000 out- side the city limits who get their living in Atlanta, making a community of I 36,000. The National Association of Manufacturers had its inception in 1895 during the Atlanta Exposition. At a meeting of that body at its birthplace, last year, Governor Terrell delivered an address from which we beg leave to quote a rew passages, as follows: "Steel and stone skyscrapers have shot up in rapid succession and the heart of the city looks like the lower part of Manhattan Island. There is no other city in the South that has the metropolitan appearance that Atlanta pre- sents. It has one square mile that can hardly be equalled anywhere on this continent out- side of New York, Chicago and Philadelphia. "The business of Atlanta is growing twice as fast as its population, although the inhabi- tants are increasing three times as fast as they are in the country at large. The city is south- ern headquarters for most of the great national corporations that do business in this section. It is the third insurance center of the country, and easily the first in the South. "Railways, telegraphs, telephones and many such interests have here their headquarters for from five to twelve states. The manufactured products of Atlanta have increased from seven- teen to thirty millions since the last census (1900). "Georgia produces a cotton crop worth ninety millions, or more than the gold product of the entire country. The states making up the southeastern group, of which Atlanta is the natural center, produce a cotton crop worth about three hundred millions and turn out cot- ton goods worth over one hundred millions. "Atlanta is on the crest of the ridge that di- vides the watershed of the Atlantic from that of the Gulf, and part of the rain that falls within the city limits flows to the Ocean, while the remainder flows into the Gulf. An alti- tude of 1 ,050 feet above the sea gives the city a bracing atmosphere, which is conducive to vigor ot body and mind. The people are re- markably energetic, and whatever they do is done well. About ninety- five per cent, of its people were born in the southern states. " In some respects this city is the most im- portant educational center of the South. About 14,000 pupils are enrolled in the pub- lic schools, and 5,000 students are entered in institutions of the higher education. The fin- est polytechnic institution in the South is the Georgia 'Tech,' and its graduates hold import- ant positions all over the world. We have 140 churches, four theaters, several libraries, numerous parks, and one of the most charm- ing residence communities in the South." In addition to being a center of the cotton trade and manufacture, Atlanta deals largely in tobacco, etc., and has important iron, flour and other manufactures. The cotton exposition was held there in 1881. Atlanta University, the well-known negro educational institution, was founded in the year 1845. Atlanta became the state capital in 1 868 and today the city, as has been well said, "is at once the political and commercial capital of Georgia." The growth of the city during its sixty years' existence is illustrated by the three views accompanying this article, the same lo- cality, Whitehall and Peachtree streets, be- ing shown in all three. The low buildings seen in the first view gave place to more important ones, as shown in the second cut, which is from a photograph taken in 1887, and these in turn have made way for modern structures. The sixteen-storied building in the background of the picture of Atlanta today has been com- pleted recently. It is fitted up in magnificent style and is the pride — and justly so — of At- lanta people. It was built out of the profits of a well-known non-alcoholic beverage, which is especially popular in the South. Pervading the life of the city there is the spirit of enterprise and progress. The visitor is impressed with the fact that the people are on the move. Atlanta combines many of the best features of both north and south, and typefies, to a large extent, the whole state of Georgia. Uniting, as it does, with its nat- ural resources the energy and ingenuity of its mechanical enterprises, the city cannot but grow in importance as the years go by. Other cities that received their charters in 1847 are Indianapolis, Ind., Syracuse, N. Y., and New Bedford, Mass. The first named was laid out in 1821. New Bedford separated from Dartmouth in 1787. Syracuse was settled about the end of the eighteenth century, and received its present name in 1824. Salt Lake City was laid out in 1847. Merrimack, Mass., became Lawrence in 1847. Jersey City had a population of 5,862 in 1847. Worcester, Mass., was made a city in 1848 and Portsmouth, N. H., in 1849. From 1840 to 1850 the aggregate number of new buildings erected in the city of New York was 15,409. & SILVER- PLATE THAT WEARS 18 4T KOGEKS BKOS 1 Our latest pattern, the "Priscilla," was first shown in the early summer, but we have sai d little about it as we have found it impossible to keep pace with the demand. We illustrate on this page the line as far as completed in order that the dealer may be thoroughly posted re- garding our goods. We do not urge orders at this time. Supplied to retailers by all leading jobbers £ st'hlX^wpel&1 1S4T ROGERS BKOS 6~jj» AVON Roast Holder BERKSHIRE Carving Set, 3 Pieces In Lined Cases This is the season when Carving Sets have their most important duties to perform. Be- sides the patterns here shown, there are others — some new, others that have been popular for years. All "1847 Rogers Bros." carvers have hollow handles, nickel silver, silver 'soldered, with blades of the finest crucible steel. The plate is of the highest grade. 'Distributed to the public by progressive dealers THE SILVER STANDARD, DECEMBER, 1847. Tfce SifajerStatularri Established IN 1847 BY Rogers Bros. DECEMBER, 1847. DEXTER HOUSE MANSION OF ECCEN- TRIC MAN SOLD. The Lord Timothy Dexler mansion, in Newburyport, Mas'., has been purchased I y Dr. E. G. Kelly, for $7,000. It will be fitted up in style, and be an ornament to the city. This building is no- table as presenting a monument of the ec- centric genius who formerly resided there. Timothy Dexter was born in Maiden, near Boston. He became rich, and bought a fine LORD TIMOTHY DEXTER'S HOUSE. COTTON -In J.C.CALHOUN We see in an Edin- 784, now only 64 NOMINATED— burgh paper a statement mansion that had been years since, an Ameri- The Senate of Georgia that in South Carolina laid out after the Eng- can vessel, with eighty have passed resolutions not a single divorce has lish style, by some per- bales 0f cotton on board RV a triumphant major- taken place since the son of taste and wealth, her was seized at ltv- nominating Hon. close of the Revolun'on- When Dexter bought Liverpool, on the plea J°hn <£ Calhoun for ary War. this seat, everything that so large an amount "ext KTeV~ about it w;as in fine or- of cotton could not have f^n.} ,°|. tn der, but it was not to been produced in the the vulgar taste of the United States. In new proprietor. He ) 785, the shipment raised minarets on the amounted to 14 ball roof, surmounted each angle with gilt balls, and had the whole painted | ; as fancifully as a harle- quin's dress. Directly in front of the house, on a Roman following arch of great beauty "An old United States. Mr. Judd, a clergyman 786, to 56 bales! at Augusta 787, to 109; in M, to 389; in I 789, Thanksgiving to 842. In "Norman s New Orleans and En- virons," we read the anecdote : Carolina Day, instead of readme the Governor's Procl ama- t i o n and preaching a Thanksgiving stood General Wash- planter, having gath incton in his military crecJ his crop of five garb. Onhislefthand aCres, was so surprised sermon read was Jefferson; on his and alarmed at the im- ,ne wno -:ht Adams, uncov- mense amount they ,ied, for he would suf- yielded, which was fif- f'er no one to be on the teen bales, that he ex- right of Washington claimed, Well, well— with a hat on. [ have done with cot- On the columns in ton — here is enough to „„ the garden there were make stockings for all "" 1; °^"l figures of Indian chiefs, the peoplein America." military generals, phil- How many stockings osophers, politicians and wouldthe crop of 1847 statesmen, now and makej which will book of Lan entations. There are thirty - two cotton facto- tion or in process of con- struction, in Georgia, in which are invested $z,- 000,000. From I 8 to BOSTON'S RES- GEORGIA SiLK ERVOIR-The cor- —The Savannah Geor- ner stone of the city res- gian contains an extract ervoir on Beacon Hill, from a letter from Phil- Boston, was laid one adelphia relative to day last month with ap- some cocoons produced propriate ceremonies. near that city. The Three views worms are fed from of the cere- trees planted in worn mony of lay- out cotton lands. The ing the corner letter is from Mrs. Mi stone were ta- ken by the Daguerreo- type apparat- us, as a pre- liminary to a great painting that is to be made of the scene. One of the views was taken when the pro- cession halted at praye another one, when the cor- ner stone was beinglaid:and The name of the the midst of me Mayor"* £at lhosU miles. . desjgns (o connec, ed floor and galleries. i T 1 'T * >°wns °n opposite side- L roads, the '- The He letting was in favor of Mexico know ■ ,ong" by making a perfect . est being on the Long s(ree, from one (o jhe the terms upon which a peace wou !dbe Island Road under the _j, a ,i ■ ■ d 1 otner, luuiung unaer •— ;■ -, — .""■", Atlantic street, n Brook- water on me bed of the ' that of two-thirds of on ,he defensive. a circle limited. its size un- MEXICAN PRI- His present drawing ^ £TEpE1?_Cf\PU ' „„„,.. T> (__. Robert Parker, of the schooner Morea, gives represents one 22 feet high, 1 commenced in a furious manner putting mustard over his meat, potatoes and bread, into his d on every- DEATHS POST- way ea,c. , centre V I -i teet PONED- A country T J'ATVlu paper, a day or two clear and 13 eet high, ago, after a long list of aLf«"Pa,n '." the <*•>«« births, marriages and J .u , ■ . J ,u t i 'eet nign. i ne cos deaths, printed the rol- • . j i \/i d I • . estimated bv Mr. K lowing strange nonce- "Several deaths un avoidably deferred." EXTENSIVE EMIGRATION- of 1 .000 migrants UNDER RIVERS The other day at a New York hotel a gen- tleman was reading from a newspaper an thing that was around article dealing with the t his plate.' general's nomination It is reported that a which (said the article) | ship owner at Bangor was subject to the de- i has three vessels nearly cision of a National completed; they are to Convention. "ANa-'be named "Zachary tional Convention be Taylor." "Genera " exclaimed a Taylor," and "Rough six-foot Kentuckian, and Ready.' "why sir, I tell ye, : By the most recent Gineral Taylor will be accounts Gen. Taylor nominated and elected, is (or was) at Victoria too. throughout the with 6.C00 men; Gens, whole of these United Worth and Wool at States by spontaneous Saltillo with 8,000. combustion!" Santa Anna is watch- On the other hand, ing their movements, a New York paper de- but in no apparent clares that politicians hurry. A rumor is are not likely to make current that the Mexi- much by speculating on ; can Congress has ccn- General Taylor for the eluded to accept our Presidency. In con- 1 proposition for negctia- ._ versing with a gentle- lions, etc. The forri fi- ll side of the an account °f a strange i man recently, who told cations at Tampica are appearing long, low, ! him he had been nam- in a forward state and black brig, which met ed for that office, he prospects look as favor- with him on his recent ' replied, "I am sorry to able as usual. voyage, off the coast of see it. I have always A Methcdi;t church Florida. She is sup- j thought and still think at Nashville. Tenn., posed to be a maraud- [ that a civilian and none has raised funds to con- ing privateer or a pirate | other ought to hold stitute Gen. Taylor under Mexican colors, j that office. I have no and several of his offi- other ambition than to cers life members of a B R A C E L E Ti bring this war to an missionary society. WATCHES-Brace- honorable close. I ~ lets, with watches in- j shall then go to my farm Acivilengineerof the serted in them, are be- and there in the bosom South predicts " that The Woonsocket. coming all the rage in of my family live and the mighty Mississippi the bove carriage way 7 feet high. The cost is en- ny at about $200 per foot and he is of the opinion that it would be a good investment for capitalists. 920, 160,045,000 lately took passage from R. L. Patriot says let- some of the eastern cit- \ die." for all purposes of trav 1930,213,360,000 |New Orleans to St. ter postage was recently ies. They have long Various men have el will be deserted." 1940,284,480.000 Louis, leaving 2,000 at charged on a newspa- been common in Paris, various ways of letting The Railroad Journal By 1 950 it will have the former place to f ol- per because an interro- where it is the practice people know when they is of the opinion that the four millions to nearly increased to 379,307,- low as soon as convey- gation point was found to insert watches into are disturbed in mind, prediction will be veri- four hundred millions, 000. ance could be had. on the margin. finger-rings, canes, etc. and Gen. Taylor, it fied at no distant day. We are indebted to New Haven Register, United States Magazine and others of the "1847" period for material m this issue. Meriden, Conn., February, 1907— MERI DEN BRITANNIA CO.— International Silver Co., Successor. 1847 — THKN- -THE SILVER STANDARD -now— 1907 tradk — "1847 Rogers Bros." — mask then — 1s47 — and — 1907 — now . Established in 1847 by Rogers Bros. issued by Meriden Britannia Co., Meriden, Ct. (International Silver Co., Successor.) Vol. Ill— No. 1. FEBRUARY. 1907. 5 Cents "A UNIQUE PUBLICATION." With the present number The Silver Stand- ard enters upon the third year of its existence — and does so confidently. Volume I was more or less an experiment, but the cordiality of its reception seemed to warrant publication a second year. Any John S. Phillips, formerly of McClure's Magazine, now editor and publisher of the American Magazine, finds that "these pieces and pictures of the past are very interesting indeed. Some of the pictures are prophetic. I was not aware that sixty years ago they were printing engravings of the Elevated, but here is one in your book." "Your Silver Standard," writes T. J. Zim- merman, editor of System, "appeals to me as one of the most interesting pieces of literature that 1 have read in a long time; and this is the best possible compliment, I believe, that can be paid to the advertising merit of any piece of printed matter." Mr. Arthur Brisbane, editor of Hearst's New York Evening Journal, has "found great interest in looking over it." Mr. R. H. Tithenngton, editor of Munsey's Magazine, terms The Standard "a very unique doubts we may have had regarding the "last- ing" power of The Standard weredispelled during the twelve months just passed. Whatever sense of nov- elty disappeared from the minds of its regular readers would seem to have been compensated for by an increase of interest in the period of our country's history of which The Standard treats. Our friends have multiplied and the warmth of their com- mendation has in- creased. As affording some idea of the impression made by The Standard both as a house organ and as a publication of interest to those outside the trade, we quote a few words from some of the letters we have received. The writers' names will be recog- nized as prominent in public life, literature and business. Col. George Harvey, editor of the North American Review, writes that The Standard "seems to me very cleverly done.' Mr. Richard Watson Gilder, editor of the Century, finds that "the quaint volume" is a "very useful reminder of old times, made with ingenuity and patience." Mr. Henry M. Alden, editor of Harper's Magazine, thinks The Standard "of very great interest." "This little publication is very attractively got- ten up" in the opinion of Mr. Albert Shaw, editor of the Review of Reviews. Postmaster-General George B. Cortelyou speaks of The Standard as an "interesting work, which I am very glad to have. Mr. George French, editor of Profitable Advertising, believes it "is more interesting to people outside the craft it is issued for than most organs. Mr. Edward Bok, editor of the Ladies' Home Journal, writes: "I was intensely inter- ested in it. Old wood-cuts always have had a fascination for me, and surely they are here in all their delicious joy. I would like few things better than a complete set." LOOPING THE LOOP IN 1847. Above is reproduced a cut that appeared in the Pictorial Sun, published in 1847, a semi-annual edition of the New York Sun, showing a new form of recreation then in vogue in Paris. publication," and finds "the way in which you bring out the contrast between 1847 and 1907 is exceedingly ingenious." President Thorpe, of the Keystone Publish- ing Company, writes as follows: 'As I have Volume 1 here in our library, I find on com- parison that the new volume is much more imposing, though I am pleased to see the same quaint style maintained. The illustrations in this volume strike me as being peculiarly inter- esting, and what of the matter I have been able to scan so far I find both entertaining and instructive. It is history in a very palatable and digestive form." The Standard appealed to Mr. Elbert Hub- bard, of Philistine and "Little Journeys" fame, as "quite the most unique thing that I have seen in recent time," while Mr. Joel Chandler Harris ("Uncle Remus") declared that "it has interested me very much, especially the bits of history and the miscellaneous informa- tion you have succeeded in picking up. Good- ness knows where you found it all, but, having found it, you have made a most attractive volume." The press, especially the daily papers and the advertising magazines, have treated The Standard very kindly and have liberally quoted from it. The New York Sun of January 6, 1 907, printed, as an editorial, a column review of Volume II, making free use of items it deemed especially noteworthy. As every advertiser knows, no amount of money could buy space in the New York Sun's editorial columns. In this connection the opening paragraph of a review, about two columns in length, that appeared in the Jewelers' Circular- Weekly, January 16, 1907, will be found of interest: "Volume II of The Silver Standard, that most unique and entertaining periodical pub- lished by the Meriden Britannia Co., has been issued in book form, and constitutes one of the most interesting volumes we have seen in a long time. The Silver Standard is so different from any other magazine that it is in a class by itself and certainly no other house organ can approach it in entertaining and instruc- tive literature. The New York Sun de- voted over a column of its editorial page in a recent Sunday edition to a review of The Silver Standard. This is a testimonial that no other house publication or no form of advertis- ing literature has ever received before, and that any magazine or any publication of any character might well be proud of." TheCincinnatiCom- mercial Tribune was another prominent pa- perto give extended no- tice to The Standard, reprinting an article from the August num- ber which occupied nearly a column in the Tribune. The Lexington, Ky., Leader on May 10, 1 906, printed an ex- tract from The Stand- ard of over a column in length, and again on December 25, last, devoted nearly another column to our little magazine, and, in addition to a review of the December number as a whole, reprinted in its entirety an article half a column in length. The cut accompanying the article also was reproduced. The Fort Worth, Texas, Record, on Feb- ruary II, 1906, reproduced in facsimile form the entire first page of The Standard. The Springfield Republican also printed a very appreciative notice. Besides the papers mentioned, many others have referred to us from time to time at greater or less length. The most remarkable thing about it is that, after all, The Standard is not primarily litera- ture or history but "advertising matter." This being so, the fact that it has succeeded in so interesting readers outside the trade — many of them men of prominence — and has called forth extended and appreciative notice in a paper of the New York Sun's standing, leads us to be- lieve that it must be read with profit by those in the trade and that while it depicts the year 1847 by presenting "trifles that bear the form and pressure of the time," it reminds the silver merchant of the trade-mark that bears the date of sixty years ago. We assure all our friends — both those in and those out of the silver trade — thatweshall endeavor to furnish a periodical as interesting in the future as so many of its readers have de- clared it to be in the past. I SILVER^ PLATE THAT WEARS I8 45T ROGERS BROS 2 The Priscilla pattern here illustrated is the latest "1847 Rogers Bros." design. First shown last fall, it resulted in sales far beyond our capacity. It meets the demand for simplicity without sacrificing- the grace that distin- guishes all "1847 Rogers Bros. " patterns. Additions to the line are being- made and orders may now be filled with reasonable promptness. A catalogue illustrating this and the more ornate designs will be sent upon request. Supplied to Progressive Retailers by Leading Jobbers. 1847 THEN- -THE SILVER STANDARD- 'S o\v— 1907 NEW YORK'S GROWTH WONDERFUL CHANGES THAT HAVE TAKEN PLACE IN THE METROPOLIS DURING THE PAST SIXTY YEARS. Perhaps no city in the world has changed so much as New York within the last sixty years. Many citizens are now living and in active business who recall the city of their boy- hood as a very different place. Then there was an element of beauty, with trees and church spires, wide rivers between farms and woods, and a number of distinct cities on Long Island and Jersey. The traveler sailing up the bay sought New York for some time in vain, frequently mis- taking Brooklyn for the greater city, and was surprijed when he was told that the great city was yet far off on the northwest. Now, even from the Narrows, the city is seen, and, approaching nearer, there looms up a mass of building, brilliant in color and of a peculiar architecture as distinct in its way as the Gothic of the middle ages, or Venice in its prime. In 1847 the scene was very different. The traveler, perhaps in one of the Black Ball packets, sailed along the outer bay, seeing at Rock away a single hotel and at Coney Island another small one. All else was desolate sands for miles. After passing the Narrows the shores on each side had the aspect of a smiling farm region, or were yet clothed with thick woods. To the east, many little suburban towns stretched along before Brooklyn was reached. Back of these lay wooded heights and farms, some as they had remained since the Revolu- tion, among them many a Dutch and Colonial farm house. On the west, Staten Island was all country, with a spire here and there far back amid the hills. On the shore near the ferry landings the white and yellow buildings of the Quar- antine Station made a pretty picture but the BY W. H. WALLACE. place was detested by the Staten Island peo- ple and the voyager alike. As the traveler went on he passed the three islands. Where the Statue of Liberty now is were the grassy walls of a small fort, the sec- ond island was stony and barren; in the cen- ter stood a large square brick house said to be a powder magazine. On Governor's Island were many tall pop- lar trees that rustled pleasantly and waved gracefully in the breeze. The uniforms of the soldiers of that day were gay and splendid. On the tufted walls of the fort were huge can- nons on timber carriages and all was warlike and imposing. Towards the city the sandy shores of the island ran far out, and on these the fishermen placed their shad nets in the spring. Some- what further up the East River arose a dan- gerous rock. This remained until a short time after 1850, when it was blown up by one Mallefort, a Frenchman, the first one who ever succeeded in blowing up rocks by gunpowder placed under water and exploded by electricity. This exciting, and at that time novel, event was seen by many thousands of citizens in New York and Brooklyn, including the writer. The Battery at the end of the city, though smaller than at present, was a mass of beauti- ful green trees. What is now the Aquarium was then Castle Garden, some distance out in the water and reached by a bridge. Built for a fort in the early part of the last century, many remarkable events have been connected with this building. The great celebration when the Erie Canal was finished and the reception of Lafayette when he last came to America were among the most notable. Here were held the fairs of the American Institute for some years. Between 1845 and 1855 it was the Opera House, and many celebrated singers have been heard in it. Here Jennie Lind sang on her coming to America. It was a unique and pleasant place for an entertainment. Back of the tiers of seats were rows of windows looking out on the bay and city, and one could step from a window to a board walk outside where one might sit or walk in the fresh air, and have a delightful view of the river and the city. This was the forerunner of the roof garden of to-day. The extension of the Battery joined Castle Garden to the city; it ceased to be a place of amusement and for many years was the emi- grant depot. Just across the street from the north gate of the Battery stood No. 1 Broadway, a cele- brated Colonial residence, called the Kennedy House during the Revolution, and in 1847 known as "Washington's Headquarters." Here lived many historic persons — Lord Howe, General Clinton and General Washington for a short time. Next door were the remains of the King's Arms Tavern, where were held many meetings of patriots during the days preceding the war for independence. Opposite was Bowling Green, one of the few places of that time that yet remain. This was the first park the city had and is today the oldest. It has undergone many changes. The writer recalls its earliest foun- tain— a pile of gray rocks, down which the water trickled or flashed in little streams. In the basin of the fountain there was kept dur- ing a summer a pair of gay crimson and white flamingoes that attracted much attention. All around the little park were many fine dwellings of wealthy and worthy old New 1847— in jvn THE SILVER STANDARI)- Yorkers and the neighborhood was quiet and secluded, for the real life and business of Broadway did not begin until just above Wall street. It is hard for one to realize that in 1847 to 1850 the retail business of the city was con- centrated on Broadway between Wall and Bleecker streets. Here were all the fine stores, art galleries and hotels, most of the theaters and numbers of small shops for the sale of special articles, gloves, laces, ribbons and the countless things now sold in the great depart- ment stores. The wholesale region was on Broad street and on the streets lying around it. The dry goods men were on Liberty and Cedar streets. The lawyers were on Nassau street. Wall street had the banks, as today. Perhaps the most thronged and busy place then was Courtlandt street. It was lined with hotels, and at its foot started the Albany boats, affording the only means of reaching Albany and the west. Another great street was Ful- ton, to the Fulton Ferry. The Astor House, built in 1835, was the great hotel, where put up the political powers of that day, Webster, Clay, Seward, Weed and many others. The United States on Ful- ton street and Lovejoy's on Park Row were other hotels of fame. Opposite the Astor House on Park Row stood the Park Theater, the Drury Lane of America; on the corner of Ann and Broad- way was Barnum's Museum, and here for a short time, a foot bridge* crossed Broadway. On Chambers street near Center, was Burton's Theater, then the home of comedy in New York, and almost in sight of it on Chatham street stood the National, where "Uncle Tom's Cabin" was first played. The Academy of Design was on Nassau street and the only great library the city had had just moved from Nassau street to the cor- ner of Broadway and Walker street. A. T. Stewart had a small store for laces and dry goods on Broadway. Just opposite, on the east side of Broadway, between Reade and Chambers streets, he built his great "mar- ble palace," as it was called in those days, the building we see today but heightened somewhat. * Illustrated on Page 4, Vol. l.,No. 7, of The Silver Standard. Ball & Black, then the leading jewelers, were at the corner of Murray street; Tiffany, Young & Elliss at 271 Broadway, corner of Chambers street; Appleton, the book publish- er, was near Fulton street; Putnam just above Duane, near the Hospital; Scribner in Clin- ton Hall. Williams & Stevens, then the larg- est art store and picture gallery, was near Du- ane street and nearly opposite, on the east side of Broadway was the Broadway Theater. On this side, also within a block or two, was the Deschaux art store, Pike's optical instru- ment store, and yet further up was Goupil's, destined in time to have a celebrated gallery where could be seen many of the works since famous in public and private collections. As you went up Broadway the retail stores became more numerous and varied. At Canal street to the west of Broadway were several of the more famous dry goods stores, as Lord & Taylor's, Arnold & Con- stable's, and many other fine retail stores. To the southward of Canal street was St. John's Park and Hudson street, then one of the- most beautiful places of residence in the city. On Broadway were the famous saloons. In u 1847 — TIIEN- -THE SILVER STANDARD- -now— 1907 the Irving House, corner of Reade street, was Delmonico's restaurant and bar. Higher up on the West Side were Taylor's and Thomp- son's. These were ladies' saloons. The large room occupied by Taylor's yet remains, but there is no trace of its former splendor. It was one of the show places of the town while it lasted. There were gilded columns, painted ceilings, marble floors and tables, stained glass and cut glass. All was glitter, show and splendor, but the cooking was poor and the service was bad and it soon ceased to be. The business places grew few and far be- tween above Bleeck- er street until at about Eighth, dwellings and hotels became the on- ly buildings seen. I must not forget, however, the great hotels that gave life and splendor to the street. Near Prince street the St. Nicho- las, of white stone, and gay with brilliant curtains and rich shops was most attractive, while on the other side the more sombre Met- ropolitan was famous for containing Niblo's Garden. This hotel was also celebrated for its great table. The silverware was reported to have cost the Leland Bros., the proprietors, $ 1 4,000, a large sum for those days. The house accommodated i ,000 guests. Further up, the New York survived all its neighbors, and this hotel was for many years the favorite stopping place for Southern people. Far up Broadway, in the then lonely and secluded Astor Place, stood the Astor Place Opera House, famous for the bloody not in 1849. Above was the quiet and beautiful Union Square surrounded by fine dwellings and churches, and before Madison Square was reached the city ended. All the retail business now scattered over many localities, was then centered on Broad- way, and here during the month before Christ- mas there was a carnival whirl of fine equip- ages, gay people, fashion, beauty and pleasure. Here thronged the strangers filling the hotels, the actors stood before the theaters, and the celebrated people of all kinds could be seen. But there was another side. Not ten min- utes walk from Broadway below Canal street, on the east, were the dens of the Five Points, reeking with filth, poverty, crime and disease, blown out finally by the fresh air of business. The streets of New York were badly cared for then. They were dusty and hot in sum- mer and in winter snow and ashes sometimes accumulated in frozen heaps, over which the carts and omnibuses bounded and banged to the risk of life and limb. Droves of pigs, hogs and goats came down from the squatter villages in the suburbs, or where Central Park now is, and fed upon the garbage thrown out or overturned from barrels into the streets. These wandering pigs and goats often caused disastrous runaways by running between the legs of horses. After the horse railroads came they were kept away. Still, even with these blemishes, the old New Yorker thinks fondly of the once beau- dful city where he could walk or ride with some freedom from discomfort and danger, and where he was not oppressed by multitude and distance, as now. The cuts illustrating the foregoing article we believe to be of especial interest and worthy of somewhat careful study by any one at all fa- miliar with New York to-day ; to those whose memories go back a half century or over they will prove of still greater value. The contrast between the city of 1847 and that of 1907 could be demonstrated perhaps in no more emphatic manner, as the localities in the 1907 views are almost identically the same as in the 1847 pictures. In the first set, on Pages 4 and 5, Castle Garden (now the Aquarium) may be distinguished to the left in each picture. The old-time print is re- produced from Val- entine's Manual, a publication that may be recalled by some of our readers. The modern view is the very latest picture of the famous sky-line and was procured at considerable expense, never having been published. On Page 7 are shown the historic St. Paul's church, at Broadway and Fulton street, and, just across, on the opposite side of Broadway, the tower- ing St. Paul Building. It was from the spire of the church that the view of New York in 1847 shown in the smaller cut on this page was taken, while that of New York today was taken from the St. Paul Building. The latter structure stands on the site of Barnum's Museum, (the building on the corner at the extreme left of the small picture); opposite the the Museum, in the immediate foreground, ap- pears a bit of the church's roof. The contrast between the city of three, four or five stratas and the other city, pushing ever farther and farther toward the sky until its people almost forget that terra firma exists, is marked indeed. What the New York of sixty years hence will look like is more inter- esting than profitable to speculate upon. The New York Mirror of 1840 describes "an evening in the life of a bachelor" in New York. We find him seated "in his chamber. 1847 — THEN THE SILVER STANDARD now— I! M )7 looking out upon the Battery through the open casement" and soliloquizing: "What shall I do tonight? In this warm weather nobody goes to the theater. * * * Skyrockets, gol- den rain, and flights of fiery pigeons at Castle Garden may entertain country people; I am weary of them. Finally he determines to "call on the Miss Hums" and prepares to make his toilet. "Dick held an inaudible debate for five minutes, whether the white trousers which then encased his legs — or gun-cases, as his companions termed them — were not too soiled for the oc- casion; reflecting upon the unreasonable charges made by laundresses, and it occurring to him that he possessed no other pair of that colour- less colour, he determined they would do. Carefully adjusting his neck-cloth, and apply- ing a small quantity of 'incomparable Macas- sar* to his ample locks, and a few drops of Farina to his handkerchief, he seized his ebony walking-stick, mounted with gold-coloured met- al, and set out with a jaunty air," etc. It is only a glimpse, but a rather interesting one, that this extract affords us of the young bachelor of the 40's. The Scientific American in 1848 thus de- scribed a proposed "railroad in Broadway": "It is proposed to lay a double track of cast iron six feet in width, rails and track together, and to run a train up and down every ten minutes. The cars are to be very narrow, and the track is promised not to impede the transit of other vehicles. "It seems to us that there is a necessity of some plan of general conveyances to supercede the continual increase of omnibuses which have now become almost a city nuisance. "The elevated railways of Randall and De- Witt are objectionable but only on the ground of unnecessary expense and inconvenience in comparison with terra firma locomotion. 'What is the use,' it has been said, 'of building a road above plain level ground — as reasonable would it be to build a bridge, over a level and dry plain? "It is certainly no great credit to our city to exhibit the dirtiest streets and the heaviest tax- ation of any other city in the Union. Its ex- penses for last year were $2,709,452, which, allowing our city to contain 400,000 inhabi- tants, amounts to the extraordinary tax of nearly seven dollars per head for every man, woman and child in Gotham. It is no doubt easy to find fault, nevertheless it would be saying but little for our city's genius if we con- clude to stick in the mud. " The great difficulty will be in establishing branches. ' The only way to remove this difficulty, would be to have a scale of prices. The main Broadway Road should charge no more than three cents." An "English traveler" (quoted by the New York Mirror) found Broadway in the 40's "nothing very remarkable in appearance," with "some good houses and some very shabby ones." He describes stalls of pineapples, "iced cream and iced lemonade" and peaches | in carts "hawked about at three for a penny." ! A stranger, he says, would be puzzled by ithe announcement in a shop-window of "New Jersey shin-plasters taken here at par"; tat another "Broken bank-notes wanted," etc. He dwells at considerable length upon the tobacco habit, especially the custom of chew- ing, which in that period of our history never escaped comment from visitors from over the seas. He declares that with a stranger "amid every impression, and above ihem all, would be the sensation of breathing an almosphere in which tobacco-smoke was a principal ingre- dient." He also speaks of ladies being "annoyed whilst walking by receiving upon their dresses an occasional proof of the habit of chewing; an annoyance which is not easily guarded against, as many of the gentlemen pass their evenings sitting in clusters round the entrances to the various hotels" with results that may be imagined. The Mirror admits "that there is some truth in the remarks relative to the habit of cluster- WHERE THE PICTURES WERE TAKEN. The view of old New York on the opposite page was taken from the spire of St. Paul's Church, looking south; the photograph of the modern city was taken from the St. Paul Building, on the opposite side of Broadway. Both these structures appear in the above picture, showing their proximity . ing upon the stoups of our hotels" and staring at the pretty girls, adding, "The custom is one which we should like to see reformed." New York may lay claim, among things of greater and some of less importance, to the pioneer baseball club, the Knickerbockers, which, formed in September, 1845, played the first match game on June 19, 1846, at Hoboken, New Jersey. This first game, according to a writer in the Scrap Book, consisted of four innings, the rule being that the club that first made twenty- one runs should be awarded the game. The code adopted by the Knickerbockers formed the basis for the rules of today. The Knick- erbocker club was followed by the Gothams in 1 850 and the popularity of the "New York" game soon spread to other states and new clubs sprang up. Then and Now-"1847 Rogers Bros." In the foreground of the larger picture on the opposite page, in the left hand corner, may be seen a part of the building containing the down town warerooms of the International Silver Co., in Maiden Lane, where all the lines of the various factoiies are to be found. Sur- rounded by buildings typefying the growth and progress of the great city, this store, together with the old uptown branch of the Meriden Britannia Co., on Fifth avenue, corner of 26th street (Madison Square), also represents growth — the growth of a business. Indeed, it would not be far out of the way to say the growth of a great industry, so closely is the business identified with the silver plate industry from the very begnning of the latter. The electro-silver plating process was dis- covered in 1847 by Rogers Bros., then of Hartford, Conn., and ever since that time "1847 Rogers Bros." has been the mark that has distinguished the original brand of silver plated flatware. Not only is the " 1 847 Rogers Bros." brand the original but — as the trade knows — it is by far the most largely sold to- day. During the last ten years the increase in the output has been 160 per cent. During 1 906 it is estimated that the increase in sales of "1847 Rogers Bros." amounted to almost, if not quite, the total sales of any brand of sil- ver plated flatware not made by the Interna- tional Silver Co. There are three elements that have entered into the making of this success. In the reverse order of their importance they are: (I) Ad- vertising; (2) Reputation of the goods; (3) Satisfaction of purchasers. As to advertising. We advertise the year round — hot weather and cold. In the brisk season we try to turn trade our way — your way if you handle our goods. In the com- paratively dull season we try to awaken or re- vive interest in silverware in general and ours in particular. All together we advertise in over 500 publications, including the New York and Brooklyn daily papers. A woman can hardly pick up a magazine that she does not see "1847 Rogers Bros." advertising. No other silver is advertised so persistently and extensively. We are always ready to help the dealer advertise, too, and we supply, free, electrotypes for newspaper announcements, signs, show cards, circulars, etc. We are also glad to do anything we can in the way of suggestion and advice. That the reputation of " 1847 Rogers Bros." is a most potent factor in its success goes with- out saying. Advertising is merely keeping this reputation before the public. It is a rep- utation of sixty years' standing. Notwith- standing this, we are as jealous of it as if it were a thing of but yesterday. We realize that we must continue to make good. Advertising and reputation would not long be of value were it not for the fact that the goods we advertise prove to be what we claim for them. We have many letters in our pos- session today from people who know that "1847 Rogers Bros." goods will wear, because they have tested them for a generation or more. Summed up, the sales of "1847 Rogers Bros." silverware surpass the sales of any other brand on the market because of the ab- solute truth in the phrase used, to describe it — "Silver Plate that Wears," THE SILVER STANDARD, FEBRUARY, 1847. The StlucrStandarri Established in 1847 BY Rogers Bros. FEBRUARY, 1847. COLT'S PISTOLS ARE THEY TO BE HADE IN MEXICO? Captain Walker left Springfield, Mass., yes- terday for Washington, having while in New York, among other things, made a contract for 1,000 Revolving Pistols for the new Mounted Rifle Regi- ment, which is to serve in Mexico. This regi- ment is to be armed with a pair of these weapons, besides rifles. It was found impossible to obtain any number of these pistols in Spring- field, such has of late been the demand for them for soldiers and others going to Mexico. It is a fact worth noting that the German who has been the prin - cipal mechanic or manufacturer of these revolvers has recently left us and suddenly for Mexico with his chests of tools and machinery. It is pretty well ascer-] tained that he has had most liberal and rich re- wards from the Gov- ernment of Mexico, which have tempted him to leave New York, in order to begin the manufacture of that deadly weapon in a foreign country. A HOGGISH CONVEYANCE — A farmer of St. Al- bans, Vermont, re- cently made a grand entree into that place mounted on a car drawn by four large hogs. He entered the town at a full trot, amidst the acclamations of hundreds. After making the tour of the market place three or four times, he went into the back yard, and had his swinish cattle unhar- nessed, and taken into a stable together, when they were regaled with a trough full of beans and wash. JOHN JACOB ASTOR— An ex- change paper, speaking of John Jacob Astor, says he designs es- tablishing an institution for the advancement of deserving and honest young men by supply- ing them with a capital varying from one to five thousand dollars , wherewith to com- mence life and forward them in their respective callings. OUR RAILROADS NOW 5.000 MILES IN COUNTRY. In seventeen years 5,000 miles of railroad have been constructed in the United States, at an expense of $120,000,000. This is unprecedented in the history of civil construc- tions. It demonstrates beyond any other fact the growth, the un- ceasing industry, and cumulative power of capital in this new and vigorous nation. The present annual investment in railroad construction is about $15,000,000. The actual saving in ex- penses of transportation probably greatly ex- ceedes this. In this way railroads on good routes (and in our new country nearly all are good), act as Savings Banks. The lines of road number 147. The first railroad ever built in the United States was at Quincy, Mass., 4 miles long, finished in 1827; the second was the Mauch Chunk Road, Pennsylvania, 5 miles long, having a track but 3 feet 6 inches wide. The highest grade of a travelled road (80 feet in a mile) is on the Springfield and Albany where it crosses the Green Mountain chain. That from Cleveland, Ohio, to the quarries, has a grade of 264 feet to the mile. FOOLISH-Pro- fessor Hamilton's re- marks at the Buffalo College on asphyxia, and particularly that form caused by wearing tight cravats, may be of interest to the general reader. Some public speak- ers. Members of Congress, and clergy- men hang themselves by wearing cravats and stocks, high and tight, thereby imped- ing the return of the blood from the head; this can be ex- plained on physiological principles. Students are not altogether free from the effects of ligita- tion of the neck. It is sur- prising how lit- tle pressu' is necessary to prevent the free flow of blood from the head. In clergy- men, who are particu larly prone to bun- dle their necks with large cra- vats, bronchitis ^S| is induced, and -Js the vocal cords =i§f become relax- ^jj ed as a conse- ^3 quence. Men who speak ex- temporaneous- -.-ajjHB ly can speak longer and with greater ease than those who read, as their voice is not con- fined so much to one key, and can be modulated with greater freedom . CLAY PITCHER — Henry Clay has just had another silver pitcher presented to him . He will, by and by, have as many vessels of this sort as there were in the ark of Moses. Wouldn't it be well for the Whigs to pause before proceeding fur- ther in so wasteful a consumption of one of the precious metals? asks a writer in the Bos- ton Post. There are thirteen manufacturing corpora- tions in New York city embracing a capital stock of $11,490,000 and numbering 45 mills. These mills give employment to 7,915 females and 3 , 340 male operatives. LOLA MONTEZ. LOLA MONTEZ OPERA DANCER HAS WON ROYAL FAVOR The King of Bavaria has conferred a patent of nobility and the tide of Countess of Mans- field, together with a pension of 25,000 francs (about $10,- 000) on the Irish opera dancer, Betsey Watson otherwise called by the soft name of Lola Montez. She is a stout, strapping Amazon, and lately knocked down an officer who accidentally ran against her in the street. The King has just pulled down five large buildings to erect a palace for her in his capital, Munich, and in consequenee several of of the most respectable families have quit the city, 'tis said, in disgust. STRIK- ING SIGNS — Wait&Ket- chum is the very appropri- ate name of a firm in New York, which makes patent medicines on a large scale. Call & Settle have a tailoring establishment in Meadville, Tenn. We presume they give short credits. Neal & Pray is a business firm in Port- land, Me. It is super- fluous to add that they belong to orthodox churches. One of the drop cur- tains of the Broadway Theatre cost $1,000. It is of silk damask. A man in Spring- field, Ohio, thus an- nounces himself a can- didate for constable: "Phillip E. Bametthas a wife and thirteen children, is poor, afraid to steal, too lazy to work and would like to be elected constable." HEBREW RELIC WAS IN POSSESSION OF INDIANS. By the politeness of Col. Lea, Commission- er of Indian affairs, we have seen a curiosity of great rarity and interest, left for a few days at the bureau. It was brought from the Pot- tawatomie Reservation, on the Kansas River, by Dr. Lykins, who has been residing on the frontier. It consists of four small rolls or strips of parch- ment, closely packed in the compartments of a little box or locket of about an inch cubical content. On these parchments are written in a style of unsurpassed excellence, and far more beautiful than print, portions of the Pentateuch. The question occurs here, does not this cir- cumstance give some color to the idea, long and extensively enter- tained, that the In- dians of our continent are more or less Jewish in their origin? HURLGATE— It is not disputed that the name of the crooked, rocky narrows above Harlem, was originally Hellgate, and some writers are frequently quarreling with those who call it otherwise. But a better taste pre- vailing with the major- ity, whose good sense teaches them that there is no binding necessity for continuing adher- ance to original names of places, the place is generally called Hurl- gate. Those who are particularly partial to the former name are left at liberty to retain it nevertheless. All postages at the different offices throu gh - out the country are to be paid in gold and silver coin. The law went into effect on Jan. 1 . >lT^MONG the improvements in our social condi- i«lll» tion in the last two years we may mention the great increase of railroads; the rapid extension of telegraphs; the essay to share in the navigation by ocean steamers — and lastly, the use of ether and similar gases. Stryker's "American Quarterly Register A correspondent says The manufacturers The expense lncur- wood goes further when 'of Lowell have resolved red by the New York it is left out-of-doors, I to allow their operatives Police department dur- some of his having gone,three-quarters of an ling the last year, for a quarter of a mile in hour for breakfast as carting drunkards, was one night. I well as for dinner. ,$1,336.36. During the year 1846 208 dwellings were erected in the city of Washington, D. C. The total number of dwellings is 4,765. John B . Gough proves a very lion wherever he goes. He has returned to Albany after a very successful tour North. ETHER'S EVILS INTOXICATION FOR TEETH DRAWING. Intoxication for teeth drawing is patented, it seems, says the New- ark Daily Advertiser, by a Boston money maker who follows the business cf dentistry; and, adds the Adver- tiser, I wish to say to the reader in this vicin- ity that the iniquity is distinctly condemned by respectable physi- cians and surgeons as fraught with mischief. Besides the possible evils to the patient of inhaling the fluid (sul- phuric ether), which are by no means incon- siderable, the intoxicat- ing draught violates a clear law of Nature, and in some surgical operations may prevent recovery. The pain we suffer when injury is inflicted on the nerv- ous system stimulates the recuperative pro- cess and the energies of the body rally to help recovery. TIGHT LACING — A Philadelphia pa- per states that some of the ladies of Boston have got to lacing their corsets so tight that they fairly cut themselves in two, so one half of them can go to church while the other half goes to a dance. We are happy to state that the report has no other foundation than the de- sire of certain young ladies to do so. ONE OR TOTH- ER— "A dozen child- ren may seem a large family with our folks who are moderate, ' re- marked Mrs. Parting- ton, "but my poor dear husband used to tell a story of a woman in some part of the world where he stopped one night, who had nine- teen children in five years; or five children in nineteen years, 1 don't recollect which, but I remember it was one or tother." YANKEE IN- VENTION- A Yankee has just com- pleted a very important invention. It is de- signed for country edi- tors, and when per- (acted will cut out items, patch trowsers, 3'ind out poetry, rock little responsibilities, stuff bustles and dun delinquent subscribers. Telegraphic com- munication was ex- changed between New Haven, Conn., and Toronto, Upper Can- ada, on Wednesday last, —a distance of 900 miles. Cljr ^tltier fetan&aru ESTABLISHED IN 1847 BY ROGERS BROS. Vol. III. No. 2. APRIL, 1847. Five I GOVERNMENT RAILROADS NATIONAL SYSTEM SHOULD BE CONSTRUCTED. CONGRESS MUST ESTABLISH RAILWAYS AS POST ROADS OR GIVE UP MAIL SERVICE. The railroad has be- the main routes, it is the come the great instru- only road on which the ment of land commerce mail can be carried nd trade. No general with any advantage to system worthy to bring the public. The pow- the distant parts of this er to establish post- great land into near roads is not carried out! neighborhood with each in the late act of Con- other has yet been con- gress which authorizes structed, or, so far as the Postmaster- Gen - we are aware, contriv- eral to make contracts ed. It seems to us that with the owners of the the fullness of time has railroads, from year to come for the action of year, to carry the mail. Congress in this matter. Such a contract surely Such a system can establishes no post- only be devised and road. If it establishes speedily completed by anything, it is the de- the general government, pendence of the generai Into the hands of that government on the in- government has been terest or caprice of the entrusted, for the bene- owners of railroads fit of the people, an im mensebody of land, and be compelled to estab FASHIONS FOR WOMAN AND CHILDREN. THE RECORD OF CONGRESS TWENTY-NINTH WILL NOT SOON BE FORGOTTEN. WILL BE MEMORABLE IN ANNALS OF REPUBLIC FOR EVILS IT HAS DONE. The XXIXth Con- movement toward war. gress is one that will not The first session of soon be forgotten — one the XXIXth Congress of which the acts and ended disastrously for the omissions to act the whole country, will, for the evil it has War had been pro- done or suffered, be claimed, a prcductive memorable in the an- Tariff, in the requisi- nals of the Republic. tions of which both The issues upon commerce and manu- which the Presidential factures had adjusted election has been de- themselves, was repeal- cided of the annexa- ed; and an excellent, tion of Texas at all easy, economical, self- hazards -of the repeal regulating currency was of the Tariff, and a repudiated, while in the return to comparative same breath which de- free trade, and to the nounced penalties Indianapolis, and Tuscaloosa, Florence, PASTEBOARD . Springfield to Quincy Nashville. Frankfort, SHOES-The "Arti- 1 barbarian policy of a against the use of any or Alton, on the Miss- Cincinnati, Dayton, san" describes a speci_ ! hard money currency- medium but gold and issippi. A branch Toledo, and Monroe, men of cheatery i n I ^ . l™5^ yXmch ,he sllve,r- 'arge J?ues of Thar'Congr'esT will should Proceed from to Detroit. This line, shoes, of which we had I X X ' * ',n Congress irredeemable Treasury « compelled to estab- Pittsburgh to Erie or with its branch, would heard, but never sup- the exclusive right of lish railway; as post- C eveland. 1 his require a road of about posed to be the fact: — raising money by taxing roads or give up the would .embrace an ex- 1,100 miles. 1 he shoes are of tent or about I ,U(JU An appropriation by the coarse brogan kind, miles. Congress of $5,000 a such as sell at retail for The fourth line might mile would insure the $1. 00 and $1.25. North and the South, are the only means by commence at Rich- completion of these 6,- What is usually the sole are allowed to influence which the Post Office mond, in V irginia, and 800 miles within the is, in this case, only the proceedings of Con- Department can be Pas» through Lynch- next five or six years. very thin poor leather— gress, we cannot doubt made generally bene- burg, Charleton, Point If Congress takes no !L,may ,be sheepskin imports. If the wishes maiJ service, no one can of the people of the doubt. East and the West, the Although railroad that, before another ficial, and the power to Pleasant, and Chilli- efficient action on this The welt is very thick year, the representative construct them for this cothe to Dayton, on subject, mass meetings coarse leather, to which body will devise a plan one object is clearly de- !he j- K'. compre- should be held in every both upper lea ther and of improvement just to volved on our nationa bending a distance of State to confer as to the different sections, government, there are a"°Jtt -^U miles. the best means of mak- and satisfactory to the other national interests The fifth line would ing the national govern - whole nation. which would be pro- commence at Charles- ment conform its legis sole are sewed or peg- ged; the deficiency in- side is supplied by thick yellow pasteboard. The constitutional moted by railroads, well ton. South Carolina, lation to the wishes of ' he shoes thus appear to have very good stout power of Congress to worthy the immediate and- passing through the people, construct, or aid to con- attention of Congress. Hamburgh, Augusta, The executive com- soles- . very lllVe struct, a national system The most important of and numerous small vil- mjttee of the Chicago vvear carries aw'ay the of railroads, rests on these are internal com- !' ages in Georgia, convention, will, in that thin skin ot the sole, and firmer and broader merce, national defence Chattanooga and Nash- ^ ^H a naQona] the yellow pasteboard posed too late for th chaser. We have seemed, by the very notes were authorized, circumstances under On 4th January, the which it was consti- President sent a mes- tuted, pledged to carry' sage to both Houses, out. urging anew attention In the Senate, an old to the recommendation man like General Cass that ten new regiments to whom age has be added to the army failed to bring wisdom and that a general offi- or moderation, and, cer, to take command who, dreaming only of of all our armies in the how he should com- field, be created, pass the Presidency, at It was not till the last once mounted the war- moment almost of the horse talked of a rup- last day of the session ture with Great Britain that the House of Rep- as inevitable, and was resentatives consented anxious, with other not to give way to the Sen- wiser nor more disinter- ate, which pe'empton- ested men "to prepare ly refused to ii/est the the hearts of the people President wit . he un- for war." heard-of power asked Happily the modera - for, of puttii g juniors tion of British counsels, over the heaJs of sen- and that of some emi- iors, and consHtuting by nent men of the South- his fiat, citizen Benton ing of the domi- —for everyone under- cut we do nant party, were sue- ' stood that for him was Knfrom900 m?grh,faSiiaforrneVhh:; VALUABLE^; Calhoun , that | field Scott and Zachary 0 miles long. t"e power nor the duty OFFICES - The of- j he ^dly °^d ,hls ! TaJlor ! fence v-iiauauymsaauui^oMi- t^se, call a national ; . grounds than the con- and repressing insurrec- X^. I ennessee, and convention to repre- P£esems Useir, and tne struction of harbors and tion. thence directing its sent we hope> tne f_?jel7 '] the improvement of What lines of rail-jcourse to the Mississ- friends of a railroad sys- rivers. roads should be adopt- |'PPi opposite St. Louis. tera as well as of river Purcnaser Under the express ed and established as : with which it should and harbor improve- J£n " ' ■' ^e^'head I cessful in averting this ; all this arbitrary illegal- power to establish post-roads of the first connect^ pass on to its ments. A partial sys- ^w invent ons " great danger. It is to itv at.emp.ed-the mili- post-offices and post- class? Western terminus a. ,em embracing only °t new inventions. £ * ^ m^ roads. Congress is One line should con- Alton or Quincy. l^his harbors and riv bound toestablish, to fix nect the States of the linewouli"' permanentlyforthecar- Atlantic border from to 1 ,000 mues long. the power nor the duty riage of the mail, the Maine to Louisiana. The sixth and last of Congress is more nce of Flour Inspector best instrumentality Another line should line should commence clear and imperative to >» the city of New When the magnetic Mrs. Whiting, o' which the improve- connect the great mari- at New Orleans, pass improve rivers and har- York is said to be worth telegraph is completed Brooklyn, N. Y.„ a ments of the age have time ports on the At- over the Rigolets to bors, for the purpose of $15,000 per annum; |0 Cincinnati, news young married lady, brought into use. The lanb'c with the chief Mobile, from which regulating commerce Healthoffice,$12,000; will be received in New while attempting to fill power to establish a points on the lake fron- point a branch should with foreign nations and Inspector of pot and York from New Or- a burning lamp with post-road is the power tier. The third line extend to the Navy- among the States, than pearl ashes, $20,000. leans by way of Cin- that very dangerous to establish the BEST should commence at Yard at Pensacola. to build, or aid to build, cinnati in from four to fluid, camphene— the post-road. A rail- Philadelphia, and pass From Mobile, the main railroads. Thedutyof The population of five days, or seventy . use of which ought to road is not only through Pittsburgh, | line should proceed Congress was never Texas is now estimated odd hours earlier thanjbe forbidden bylaw— the best road, but, on Zanesville, Columbus, northward through clearer than it is now. at about 1 23,000. I now through the mails, was fatally bumed. We are indebted to Hunt'o Magazine, American Re\> ork Mirror and otl this issue. Meriden, Conn., April. 1907— MERIDEN BRITANNIA CO.— International Silver Co., Suco "SILVER. PLATE THAT WEAR.S" BATTLESHIP "CONNECTICUT" SERVICE. The Solid Silver Punch Bowl here shown is one of the thirty-six pieces made by this company and presented by the State of Connecti- cut to the Battleship of the same name. We have at hand a wide variety of pieces suitable for trophies and for presentation purposes. Our oak and mahogany chests of complete sets in sterling' flatware are especially adapted for occasions that seem to call for some- thing- both practical and artistic and at the same time of substantial value. We make a comprehensive line of flat and hollowware in many patterns. Anyone unfamiliar with what we have done and are doing in sterling silver is invited to write us for information and illustrations. Meriden Britannia Co., Meriden, Connecticut (International Silver Co., Successor) MADE AND fe| NEW YORK HAMILTON, CANADA CHICAGO STERLING^, riNE HOLLOWWARE T RADEMARKS — |MIBICol {§>' M IwS^M^'MTsI —HOLLOWWARE TRADEMARKS — *** ROGERS BROS. Supplied to Retailers by all Leading Jobbers. SILVER. PLATE THAT WEAR5" 3 SPECIAL ILLUSTRATIONS of our line of trophies will besent on application. The dealer who supplies the trophy for an im- portant athletic contest Kets a certain amount of advertising that will prove of considerable value to him. Trophies and prizecups look well in the window and attract attention. Wesuggest that the dealer keep posted on what we make and, in many cases, it will be advisable for him proach the athletes instead of waiting for them Upon him. Prize Cup with Ebonized Base Schools, colleges, athletic clubs and other organizations are arranging for the summer's sports. Trophies, naturally, will figure largely in their plans. Why not show them the advantage of getting of you prize cups, etc.', bearing the Meriden Brita. Co. trade- mark? A suggestion may be well worth making, and may bring future trade as well. Distributed to the Public by Progressive Dealers. 1N47— THEN- -THE SILVER STANDARD- xoff- 1907 trade — "1847 Rogers Bros." — mark then— 1847 — and — 1907— now. Established in 1847 by Rogers Bros. issued BY Meridex Britannia Co. . Meridex, Ct. (International Silver Co., Successor.) Vol. Ill— No. 2. APRIL, 1907. 5 Cents. L OUR APRIL NUMBER. The present number sees The Standard al- most back in its old form. So much space in the February issue was devoted to the "Then and Now " idea, that there was but one page left in which to discuss the matter of silver plate. We did not grudge the room we gave to New York, but we shall confine future articles more nearly to our original limits. Of course, we all know that Mr. Bryan was not the original advocate of govern- ment ownership of railroads. That, however, will not les- sen our interest in the argu- ments used in 1847 along the same line. The screed on our first page might find a place in the columns of a modern publication without undergoing radical change. The arguments of 1847 are met with in 1907 and per- haps governmental interfer- ence sixty years ago would have effected no more up- heaval of industrial and com- mercial conditions — rela- tively— than it would to-day, although the interests directly involved, of course, would be vastly greater in 1907 than in 1847. In the latter year the 147 railroads in this country owned 5,300 odd miles of track. At the close of 1905 there were 217,341 miles in the United States. The little item on Page 1 calling attention to the time that will be saved when the "magnetic telegraph is completed to Cincinnati" may cause a smile, but the telegraph was new and very wonderful in 1847. It was on March 3, 1843, that Congress passed a bill appropriating $30,- 000 to aid in establishing the telegraph, and a little over a year later — May 23, 1844 — the historic message, "What hath God wrought! ", flashed from Washington to Baltimore, announc- ing to the world that man at last had outwitted time and space. In the February number we printed a cut of Lola Montez, the dancer who, in 1847, found herself the favorite of the king of Bavaria. To some of our readers Lola's presence may have seemed an intrusion in a magazine devoted ex- clusively to things American. A few words of explanation, crowded out in our last number, will show the dancer's right to a place in The Standard. This really remarkable woman was born in Limerick, Ireland, in 1818. Her name was Marie Dolores Eliza Rosanna Gilbert. She married Captain Thomas James in 1837. He divorced her in 1842, whereupon she began taking dancing lessons of a Spanish teacher and appeared in London in 1843 as "Lola Montez, Spanish dancer." After various adventures she appeared in Munich, where, as appeared in our last number, she became the mistress of the old King, Ludwig. After having been natural- ized, she received the titles of Baronne de Ro- senthal and Comtesse de Landsfeld. The Coun- tess controlled the king absolutely and was vir- tually the ruler of Bavaria, "a position," we are told, "in which she displayed ability and wisdom." After about a year the inevitable occurred and, owing to the hostility between the liberal and conservative students of the univer- sity, there was a serious riot which came near to bringing the dancer - countess' career to an abrupt end. The closing of the university pre- ST. LOUIS Km ST. LOUIS IN THE '40s. (From print loaned by Missouri Historical Society). ( cipitated an insurrection and, on March 2 1 , 1 848, Ludwig was forced to abdicate and Lola was banished. After more adventures, Lola married George Trafford Heald in London, July, 1849. She was summoned for bigamy, but fled to Spain. Heald is said to have died in 1853. In 1851 Lola arrived in New York, where, as might have been expected, she attracted great attention and drew crowded houses. In 1853 she married P. P. Hull, of San Francisco. Per- haps, considering her past adventures, the "last scene of all" in her life drama was the strangest. In 1859 she devoted herself to visiting outcast women and labored among them until stricken with paralysis. She died at Astoria, N. Y., January 17, 1861. On the first page we show "the latest fash- ions, just from Paris," as the magazines of the day delighted to announce. Fashions have changed since 1847, and in many ways for the better (if we may hazard an opinion). Of course the garments of 1 847 appear strange to us, just as ours will seem peculiar to the people of 1967. A missing Yale freshman was described as wearing a "brown frock coat, dark green pantaloons, double breasted black vest and cloth cap." Such a description today surely ought to land the man. IN 1847, 83 YEARS AFTER ITS FOUNDING, CITY OBSERVED ANNIVERSARY. The population of St. Louis in 1847 was just a trifle over 40,000. It had doubled in the six years since 1 84 1 , and it was to double again in the four years leading to 1851, and again in the ten years to 1861, and still again during the following ten years, and it is now nearly twenty times as great as in 1847. These introductory facts give some idea of the rapidity of growth that has brought the metrop- olis of the Mississippi Valley to its present position of importance. Yet, in the year 1847, St. Louis was perilously nearing the greatest calamity in its history, the cholera epidemic which swept away 8,475 lives — or nearly one-fifth of its entire population in 1849. And, too, the great fire of 1 849, which destroyed nearly its entire river front, at that time the city's most important business district, was to serve as another blow to the growth of St. Louis, notwith- standing which, the record as already quoted was estab- lished. It was a progressive little city, the St. Louis of 1847, eager to keep abreast of the American progress of those days. In 1841 a company had been incorporated for the purpose of supplying the city with gas light, and the first lighting with gas was done on the night of November 4, 1847. Then, too, St. Louis in 1847 was on the verge of being opened up to the rest of the American continent by a great railroad. The movement to this end had begun in 1836-37, but nothing had come of it until renewed activity in 1847 brought about the introduction in the United States Senate in 1849, by Senator Thomas H. Benton of Missouri, of a bill to provide for the location and construction of a central national road from the Pacific ocean to the Mississippi river. On March 10, 1849, the charter for this Pacific Railroad was granted, the capital stock being placed at $10,000,000, and the incorporators being Thomas Allen, John O'Fallon, Lewis V. Bogy, James H. Lucas, Edward Walsh, George Collier, Thomas B. Hudson, Daniel D. Page, Henry M. Shreve, James E. Yeat- man, John B. Sarpy, Wayman Crow, Joshua B. Brandt, Robert Campbell, Pierre Chou- teau, Jr., Henry Shaw, Bernard Pratte, Ernest Angelrodt, Adolphu Meier, Louis A. Benoist and Adam L. Miles — the sons or grandsons of many of these being still actively associated with the continued progress of St. Louis. The railroad thus begun was the first railroad built in the state of Missouri, and from it sprang the entire grand system of railroads which today penetrates to every section of one of 1847— tii kx- THE SILVER STAXDARD wow— 1907 the richest territories in the American Union. In the ordinary channels of business, as well, there was a fine activity in the year 1847. Commercial operations had then reached such magnitude that the project of establishing a Merchants' Exchange was being generally dis- cussed, and this led, in September, 1849, to a special meeting, at which George K. McGun- hegle stated the objects of the gathering and the project of establishing the proposed Mer- chants' Exchange was referred to a committee of which James E. Yeatman was chairman. Under the movement thus begun, the Mer- chants' Exchange of St. Louis was established in 1849, with headquarters at Main and Olive streets, and in the following year the Millers' Association, also organized in 1849, joined the new body and the business was conducted thereafter under the charter of the Chamber of Commerce. In this year of 1847, also, the Boatmen's Savings Institution, now one of the city's lead- ing financial institutions under the title of the Boatmen's Bank, was incorporated. The Mercantile Library Association, incorporated in 1846, reported in 1847 that its first year's cash receipts amounted to $2,689, its mem- bership numbering 283, with a total of 1,680 volumes in the library. At this time also, the river traffic to and from St. Louis, the Missis- sippi river being then the city's great trade artery, had assumed such proportions that it was estimated that more than 2,500 steamboats were connected with this port in 1847, with the president of the Chamber of Commerce. The most notable public ceremonial of 1847 was the public anniversary celebration, on February 15, of the founding of St. Louis. The features of the day were an imposing public pageant and a banquet. Mr. Pierre Chouteau was president of the day. With him in the carriage were Pierre Chouteau, Jr., P. Liguest Chouteau and Gabriel S. Chouteau, all descendants of the man who, with Pierre Laclede Liguest, founded St. Louis on Febru- ary 15, 1764. Hon. Wilson Primm was orator of the day, and, among other speakers were United States Senator Lewis V. Bogy, Robert Campbell, Hon. Wm. C. Carr, Thomas Allen, Dr. Linton, George R. Taylor and Messrs. Crockett, Kennett, Darby and Treat. A ball at the Planters' House closed the memorable day. The city was then growing rapidly, but, to appreciate the resistless character of this growth, it is necessary to note how little checked it was by the great fire of 1849. About ten o'clock on the night of May 19, 1849, this fire began on board the steamer White Cloud, lying at the wharf between Vine and Cherry streets, and the White Cloud, burning loose from her moorings, drifted down stream and set fire to other craft until twenty- four in all were in flames. A stiff breeze from ■ the north east carried the fiery embers to the buildings on the river front until, almost with- out exception, every building from Locust to Market streets, and between Second street and Marshal — one captain, four lieutenants and forty-five privates. A St. Louis newspaper of January 6, 1847, gives a detailed description of an engine then being built by Kingsland & Lightner of St. Louis, for the new St. Louis waterworks, the city until 1846 having had no water pipes reaching further west than Fourth street. This engine was regarded as a marvel, and, after its installation, visitors to the city were not thought to have seen all the sights of St. Louis unless they had included the $25,000 engine in their round. A new reservoir was also begun, which was finished in 1 850, as also a new engine house. The Jefferson School was be- gun in 1847 and opened in 1848. That St. Louis was beginning to be quite an important city in 1847 is even indicated by the theatrical records of those days. During 1847 the roster of stage stars who played engage- ments in St. Louis included such famous names as those of N. M. Ludlow, Anna Cora Mowatt, E. L. Davenport, Julia Dean, J. H. Hackett, the great Falstaff, whose son, James K. Hackett, played an engagement in St. Louis no later than in February of the present year; while, in 1 846, Junius Brutus Booth had made his first appearance in St. Louis, others appear- ing that same season being J. E. Murdoch, Mr. and Mrs. Charles Kean, J. M. Field, Sol. Smith and Mr. and Mrs. J. W. Wallack. These are some of the memorable historical facts of the St. Louis of 1 847. They are made especially interesting when compared ufasiiSss an aggregate tonnage of nearly 400,000, and that the number of keel and flatboats engaged in St. Louis business was over 400. Another important event of the year 1847 was that recorded for December 20th, when the telegraph lines connecting St. Louis with the East reached East St. Louis, thus placing this city in wire communication, for the first time, with the leading cities of the country. On December 28, 1847, an important meet- ing of citizens took place, to consider the advisability of the city subscribing $500,000 toward the construction of the Ohio and Mississippi Railroad, the route of which from Cincinnati through Vincennes had been estab- lished. The legislature was petitioned to authorize the subscription, which was duly made. James B. Barry was the mayor of St. Louis at this time, and George K. McGunnegle was the river, was destroyed or badly damaged. The progress of the conflagration was finally stopped only by blowing up buildings with gunpowder, thus creating a great gap across which the fire could not leap. The entire value of property destroyed reached a total of over $3,000,000. Yet this staggering calamity did not long daunt the St. Louis spirit and the ultimate result of the great fire was in reality a gain to the city. In 1847 the "city guard," or "independent police " of St. Louis consisted of three lieuten- ants and thirty privates, and the Mayor pointed out in his annual message of the following year that the city was then "so much extended" that it was impossible, "without great indus- try," for thirty men to properly guard the whole city. In accordance with the agitation thus begun the police force of St. Louis was increased in 1 848 to one chief — the City with the facts of the St. Louis of today, a city of over 700,000 population and counting con- fidently on reaching the 1 ,000,000 mark during the next decade ; that has a river frontage of over nineteen miles and that extends westward six miles from the river front ; the assessed valuation of the property of which exceeds $400,000,000; a city already well in the front rank of " sky-scraper " office building cities, and that has an additional $25,000,000 of these " sky-scrapers " now under process of construction ; that gained over $73,000,000 in the value of its manufactured output in the five years between 1900 and 1905, and that has just voted to spend $11,000,000 on public improvements. The sixty years that have passed since 1847 have been memorable for St. Louis progress — and they are full of bright promise for continued development and pros- perity. g 1&4T KOGERS BROS 'SILVER- PLATE THAT WEARS A child's set, of knife, fork and spoon, makes an ideal gift — beautiful, useful and one that will be treasured even after the youngster has "grown up." The dealer should not forget to display an assortment of these sets and suggest their desirability as gifts. Baby spoons, too, are very desirable, and made in the popular " 1847 Rogers Bros.-' patterns. Supplied to Retailers by all Leading Jobbers. SILVER- PLATE „ THAT WEARS 18 4T ROGERS BROS 3 When You Choose Silver mem be thai the ioui i lials ol tit-sir abl artistic patterns, correcl si) le proper linisli ;m'l Inequality that endures^are .ill perfectly combined in silver plate thai is marked 1847 ROGERS BROS!' For three wore M-.,rs this ».-]| known brand ol silvei plate has been provi n b) the lest "I ser- •.hi .in.! Ii.is worthily earned the well in. ■Siln r That thai Warn." When buying si nv knives lorks iii look I-. ili-' marl 1117 ROGERS BROS. On Set ["ray* I rns et< this mark is ped' Sold b) lead dealers rvwhere I,' is , HEUDE.M RRIT\N\i\ CO. Mfridrn. IF YOU SELL ADVERTISED GOODS half the work has been done in ad- vance. The better advertised — pro- vided the goods are what is claimed for them — the easier for the dealer. No producers of silver plated ware advertise so thoroughly as the mak- ers of 1847 ROGERS BROS." "Silver Plate that Wears." This brand has been advertised for a generation and the dealer gets the accumulated benefit. No other brand has been advertised for so long a period. The two column advertisements shown here in reduced form appear in the May numbers of the big household magazines, while equally effective announcements are printed in over 500 publications, monthly, weekly and daily. In addition to this, we are always ready to help the individual dealer in any way possible. We supply free electrotyped advertisements, circu- lars with dealer's name, show cards, posters, waterproof cards for out- door display, street-car cards, etc. When you write for our catalogue, ask for booklet showing ready-to- print advertisements. Choosi Silver nf Quality Yelqualils combination 11I limeprovi n quality «iili Midi merit .is to excite admit ation that makes lb, iamous "184J ROGERS BROS: Silver wan I jorily. I or m\I\ year ■ 1 this nam, household word lor "SUM /'/.//,• that Wears' Y..U „,|| lind '1M? ROGERS BROS. best silver plated kiuva Spoons 1 I' ' In I rns I', In , rti • Ilns ,, S„!,l b; le M. 1 .I. .1I1 OurCala II be senior, Ml Kllll \ EHTaNNU iip ll.ll.'l.l Distributed to the Public by Progressive Dealers. THE SILVER STANDARD. APRIL, 1847, Tire Stluer. Standard Established in 1847 BY Rogers Bros. APRIL, 1847. ABOUT CLERKS DRY GOODS REPORT- ER HAS PLAN. We copy from the "Dry Goods Report-! er," a weekly sheet, [ devoted almost exclus- ively to that branch of trade, the following communication or an intelligent correspond- ent, which contains suggestions deserving the attention of mer- chants and clerks gen- erally. No single subject connected with the dry goods trade demands a more serious considera- tion than the present condition of the clerks engaged in its various branches. Upon the honesty, capacity, and exertion of the clerk, the success of the mer- chant greatly depends. His good or bad con- duct may either make or mar our present plans or future prospects. These we believe, are truisms which are gen- erally admitted. It behooves us, then, as sound and discreet merchants, io do al! in our power to promote his interest; and, as one step toward the attain- ment of so great a de- sideratum, we would suggest that an associa- tion of dry goods clerks should be formed, un- der some appropriate name, which society should embody all the points of the present system of Odd-fellow- ship, together with the addition of the follow- ing, viz: That each and every clerk, when thrown out of employment through any cause, save and excepting mis- conduct, should be en- titled to draw a certain sum weekly, for six weeks. No qualifications should be necessary to entitle any one to mem- bership, except honesty and morality; these two points of character should be rigidly insisted on; and the most effect- ual manner by which we could arrive at the first qualification would be to require from the applicant a certificate of honesty from each and every employer he hasever lived with, and for the srcond, inquiry and report. Should an applica- tion be made by a per- son coming from any country town or other city, let him produce a certificate from his former employer and that employer's good standing to be vouched for by the mayor or selectmen of said town or city. LITERARY PHENOMENA- There are several no- ticeable characteristics of American letters at the present time. Many old things, we believe, are passing away under the influence of a gen- eral law by which the intellectual advance- ment of the country bears some proportion to its physical increase, and the development of refinement and civiliza- tion. Much of theliterature of the country, how- ever,—the poems that should elevate, and es- says that should i nterest , the biographical articles which should be true and candid, that they might as well warn by the exhibition of errors as encourage by good example, the criticism which should purify the taste— most of what is read by the people still continues tobe furnished in magazines illustrated with plates of the fash- ions and engravings, bad copies from the bad tawdry originals of the English annuals. The purest literature flowing through such a channel must take its tone, in some degree, from the adjacent soil. Extraordinary as it may appear, a company cf men who should have been shut up as lunatics, actually pro- posed to raise Capt. Kidd's ship, which tra- dition says was sunk on the Hudson river, car- rying down large sums of gold. The stock in this moonshine project, amounting to $300,000 was taken by many wealthy persons in New York, but the bubble has burst, and they are the laughing stock of country. DRY GOODS CLERK. POISON FLA- VORING-A family in Lancaster county, Penn., were made very ill by eating of sponge cake flavored too highly with "peach water." Our young housekeep- ers must beware how they use this agreeable and common addition to pies, cake, &c, as it is but a mild form of that deadly poison, Prussic Acid. Mrs. Mary Hoffman died at South Bruns- wick, N. J., aged 107 years. She left 1 4 children, 60 grand-, 1 I 5 great-grand-, and 2 3 great-great-grand- children. Her oldest child at the time of her death was 85; and the youngest 58 years of age. Subscribers who in- tend changing their p'aces of residence on the first of May will oblige us by sending notice. A NEW COT- TON PLANT— The editor of the New Or- leans Orleanian has seen a boll of cotton which deserves the at- tention cf the cultiva- tors, on account of its growth and its early maturity. On the first day of June last a lady planted in her garden a few cotton seeds pre- sented her by a gentle- man. On the 25th day of July a boll was ready for picking; and at the end of sixty days from the time of planting the cotton had arrived at maturity; being in less than one-half of the time it takes the species now raised by our planters to do so. The lady was totally unac- quainted with the culti- vation of the great Southern staple. The seeds were introduced by Mr. Hayams, from Youcatan, and are styled the Alica. This may mean much to the cotton industiy. YALE LITER- ARY — The present number has an en- graved view of "Yale College and the College Chapel" as it appeared in 1786, and a quaint thing it is — the antique, old college officers in their cocked hats and gowns, and the antique youngsters in their pig- tails and shorts — in the foreground — make up a comical contrast to the college appurtenances of 1847.- New Haven Register. STATISTICS OF FORKS AND SPOONS- A work on the " History of the Precious Metals" re- cently published i n Hartford, Conn., says the value of the silver tea spoons in the United States is estimated at $36,000,000; of silver table spoons, $27,000, 000; of silver forks, $4,500,000; and of plate and dining service $5,500,000. IMPROVEMENT IN TELEGRAPH -Col. H. W. Cleve- land, who has been connected with the line of Magnetic Telegraphs since their first estab- lishment as an assistant has, we learn, by a re- cent discovery, over- come the difficulty here- tofore labored under of crossing water courses by a peculiarly insulated wire which is passed in a leaden pipe under water. One of these wires or improvements has recently been placed under the drawbridge at Gunpowder River, and has been in successful operation for several days. It is, we believe, the intention of the com- pany to adopt this mode of connection at the several draws and streams along the line, which will obviate many of the vexatious interruptions heretofore experienced. If the North River and other rivers can be crossed with this improvement, it will be one of great advantage. CENSUS OF THE UNITED STATES-1830, 12,866,020; 1840. 17,063,353. In 1850 the population will be 23,149,309. In 80 years hence will find the population of the United States 240,- 000,000 ; quite equal the present population of Europe, or one- fourth the population of the world. There was a magnifi- cent illumination in Philadelphia on the 1 9th in honor of the late victories. A hun- dred guns were fired, morning, noon and night. William Polk, Esq., of Arkansas, brother of the president, is the largest corn grower in America. His crop last year was 100,000 bushels. , |||||ARTY-SPIRIT is, to all appearances, the soul $1111 of American society — regulating and control- ling everything. " Things as They Are in cAmerica," by W. Chambers. BRAVE LAD MAKES 2 MURDER- ERS PRISONERS. A boy seventeen years of age, by the name of Frisby, of Louisiana, seeing a re- ward offered by the governor for the appre- hension of the Kelleys, murderers of Mr. Cat- lin, in Jefferson county, went to a grocery kept by one of them, about twenty miles from Munro, and command- ed him to surrender. At this Kelley fired a revolver at the lad. The boy fired in return, wounding Kelley so that he was secured a prisoner. By this time another Kelley rode up and dis- mounted. Frisby com- manded the rascal to surrender; but he turned to run, when the de- termined lad fired at him also, and sent a buck shot between his shoulders, that passed entirely through his body. Both were made prisoners and were safely delivered to the civil authorities, and the young man was en- titled to the $1,000 re- ward. RAILROAD AC- CIDENTS- We call upon the Legislatures of the various States to re- fuse new charters for new railroads, except- ing upon the condition that each railroad con- struct a double track. We believe that such a policy would greatly re- duce the number of rail- road accidents, which we regret to have to say are now very fre- quent. A few weeks ago no less than three trains ran into one [another in succession during short intervals of time on the Hudson River Railroad. THE DEACON'S JOKE — In a town in Vermont, a church deacon went to a store for wine for communion purposes; instead, how- ever, of calling for wine, he requested the clerk to give him " a little more of that oil." The jug was accordingly filled with oil, which went upon the communion table, and was partaken of by the church mem- bers—no one wishing, at that peculiar time to make his discovery known. This incident illustrates the necessity of calling things by their right names. Why are the board- 1 Hon. Edward Bates I A new gaslight com- ers at the Astor House, jof Missouri, the Presi- ' pany has been recently New York, like men dent of the late Con- 1 formed in Lowell for digging a ditch? Be- vention at Chicago, the purpose of lighting cause they are always said he had never seen i that city, and especially on the stoop. a railroad! I the factories, with gas. The product of maple sugar in 1 846 in the United States is esti- mated to have reached twenty-two million | pounds. The State of Florida has repudiated its last motto, "Let us alone, and substituted in lieu thereof, "In God is our I trust." C. MEN owe me, •* and you better hand over right quick, or you will catoh it. Now you see if you don't. Jason Bailey. ESTABLISHED IN 1847 BY ROGERS BROS. Vol. III. No. 3. JUNE, is 17. i Cents FOR RAILROAD TO THE PACIFIC OREGON TO BE UNITED WITH THE EAST. Z.AD0C PRATT WRITES INTERESTING LETTER ADVOCATING MR. WHIT- NEY'S PLAN TO BUILD ROAD. Certainly this is an the San Francisco, age of great events, and which debouch upon such as may be produc- the ocean, at a point tive of important results six days, by steam, dis- to the interests of man- tant from the Sand- kind, says Hunt's Mer- wich Islands— a group chants' Magazine. It the independence of is the character of the which is guaranteed; men that appear in an ! whose population is age, and stamp the im- 100,000, mostly press of their bold and American; the surface, energetic character up- 8,000 square miles, of on it which makes it a soil the most fruitful, marked in history, an and a climate unsur- cra in human progress, passed in salubrity. When, at the close] "These islands are of 1844, we wrote the:situated in the middle, for a railroad from Lake good? It is a great In July, 1838, Col following, which ap- of the Pacific, on the j Michigan, through the plan, a great work; but Pratt published an ad- peared in our January I great highway from South Pass of the ' we are the people to do j dress to his constituents, number, we had cer- J Oregon to China. The Rocky Mountains, to big things, tainly no idea that the great whale fishery of Oregon is so plain and "Then will you take suggestion therein con- these regions is conduct- ! simple that any com- your money and send tained would be taken ed mostly by Ameri- 1 mon mind can under- it out of the country, to up by energetic men, jeans, numbering 200 stand it. He asks! be used against your in- and its feasibility re- vessels, whose annual Congress to appropriate terest, or will you have duced to a certainty: — [product is about $5,- sixty miles wide of the the Oregon road, which "The English gov- 000,000. This fleet, ernment hope, by com- in the summer months, manding the exclusive ' cruise between the ls- route to China over \ lands and the coast of Egypt, by way of the Japan, for sperm whale Nile and the Isthmus of I and carry on a large Suez (to effect which a | trade in furs, &c, negotiation is now; which are now soldin pending between that China, and the pro- power and Pacha) to ceeds in tea, sent home obtain news earlier than to the United States. it can be had in the "The whole of this United States; an ad- ; vast trade and that of vantage that will give China, via Sandwich her merchants control ' Islands, will be com- of the markets. | manded by the state of "Their diplomacy Oregon. Those per- may succeed temporari- sons are now living ly in this, but the march who will see a railroad of events will ultimately connecting New York give the United States with the Pacific, and a the mastery. Her steam communication population is pushing from Oregon to China, with a vigorous, rapid, For the last three cen- and unceasing march, turies, the civilized along a line 1 ,200 miles! world has been rolling extent, westward, , westward; and Ameri towards the shores of the Pacific. "The occupation of the vast territory known cans of the present age will complete the circle and open a western steam route with the as the Oregon is al- east ready going forward; | Under the energetic and twenty years will guidance of such men not have elapsed before as Zadoc Pratt and Mr. a powerful state will Whitney, this end bids have sprung up on the fair to be speedily con- shores of the Pacific, summated. The fol- This great tract of the lowing is from the pen Oregon is drained by of the first named: the Columbia river and I "Mr. Whitney's plan public lands, from Lake1 will cost you nothing Michigan to the Pacific for this especial pur- pose; and, as he builds the road, he takes the land to reimburse him- self. For eight hun- dred miles the one half at the government price, it is estimated, willbuild the road; the other half creates a fund for where the lands are poor." "When completed, the road to be free to all the world, except for repairs and opera- tions, to be fixed by Congress. The dis- tance from the lake to the ocean is twenty-fou but your votes?" Col. Zadoc Pratt was born on the thir- tieth of October, I 790. at Stephentown, N. Y. His father (Zadoc Pratt, senior) was a na- tive of Saybrook, Conn. Col. Pratt's life in many- ways has been declining a re-election to Congress. In 1842, he yielded to their re- quest, and was chosen 1o represent the Elev- enth Congressional dis- trict, composed of the counties Greene and Columbia. His interest in M public. N. Y. MAYOR IS ARRESTED PROPRIETOR OF AUCTION ROOM BRINGS SUIT. ACTION OF MAGISTRATE TO PREVENT SWINDLING OF PUBLIC HAS RATHER UNEXPECTED RESULT. No one who has visi- terests. The Mayor ted New York or re- was thereupon arrested, mained in Broadway, and was compelled to if only for half an hour, give bail of $500. can be ignorant of the. The complainant, we danger to which those understand, thinks him- who have more money self entitled to $20,- tian wit, are subjected 000 indemnity. The at the mock auctions whole affair, however with which this beauti- amusing to the public, ful street is infested. suggests some grave and The worthy Mayor gratifying reflections, had long tried the ordi- It shows the necessity nary means but without of a law that will reach effect. Copper was the great evil complain- still \ended for gold, led of, by which so pewter for silver, and many poor and honest cotton for linen. At men are cheated of last, he thought of a their hard earnings; and device which was con- it evinces, on the other sidered the most effect- hand, a feature of our ual to which he could institutions, of which have recourse. He j we may justly be proud, employed men in front I When have we heard of these dens of fraud cf a Lord Mayor of with placards on their London being arrested shoulders, cautioning for so slight a transgres- the unsophisticated to sion of the bounds of "Beware of Moc k J hisduty? Never. There Whitney s Pacific Auctions." Thismust is a spirit awake in this railroad I project has have put many on their land which examines brought him once more j guardi though it did not i with jealous care the prominently before the ob|_ige ,ne aucnoneers ! slightest sin of irregu- to close their premises, larity or excess on the One of these persons, j part of our public offi- bolder than the rest, cers, and alack for those lodged a complaint | who are devoid of the against the Mayor for [ intelligence or integrity having damaged h essential to the just ful- trade and hurt his in- fillment of their dutie The following hit we find in the New Haven markableone. In 1 824 Register: A gentleman while still a young man who prides himself on he founded the village being one of the upper of Prattsville, which ] lier of Whigs, and who lies in a small valley on ! violently condemns the the Schoharie Kill, I war with Mexico, stop- some 36 miles west of | ped a Democrat yester- Catskill, on the Hud- j day and inquired "the son. Mr. Pratt saw news." "There is that here was the spot is nothing by the mails, hundred miles; theesti- for him to establish a I believe," replied the ^ mated cost when ready mammoth tannery, an wag. except that Mr. ^ b ,aking of bureau 0f Yards and for use. $70,000,000. enterprise which was Clay is said to have tartaremeljc. whjchhad Docks. What next? I he number or acres destined to become the A company of ladies A morning paper and gentlemen, who says that the corner were engaged in a tern- stone of the New York perance celebration re- ' Dry Dock was laid on cently at Shippingsport, I Thursday by Commo- My., were all rendered dore Smith, chief of the required is 92, 1 60,- largest of its kind in th< 000, wasteland. There world, are 1 ,200 miles without; In 1 823 he was un- timber or navigable i animously elected col- streams and of small onel of the I I6th Regi- value; and would it ev.*r ment of Infantry of the settle or be of any value state of New York. H< i tartaremetic. whichhad Docks, come out in favor of the ;been ;nlrcduced in!o Perhaps we shall hear war, and will probably (hejr lemonade; instead 0f tne laying cf the cor- be appointed Lieuten- of (artar acid | ner ,,one of a new can. ant-General, to go to Mexico, and head the Army." "You don't say so!" exclaimed the Whig. "Well, well without the road? has been through life a that is something like. I Clearly not. Then the firm and consistent alwaysthought it want al, a turnpike read or During an i'.lumina- even a new line of fer- tion in New Orleans, rybcats, for the sake of last week, a man placed Uie ceremony, a tin machine filled with camphene in his shirt-] Anoldfarmerof York ,estion is, shall Mr. Democrat. In Novem- cd seme such man to losom, asa breast-pin! I ,,a,e proposes that the Whitney take these ber, I836. he waselec- whip the rascally Mexi- " three millions be lands, and, by sale and ted one of the represen- cans." And off he There are eleven lines appropriated to buying setdement thereof , build tatives in Congress for went, in a perfect blaze of telegraph in the up the Mexican presses this road, or shall they be the Eighth Congres- of satisfaction, and en- course of erection i in the in this country, as the allowed to fritter away sional district, in the tiiely convinced of the United States and Can- shortest method ot end- without any perceptible state of New York, justice of the war. ,ada. ing the war. We are indebted to Hampden Post, Democratic Review, Anglo-American and others of the "1 847" period (or material this issue. Meriden, Conn., June, 1 907— MERIDEN BRITANNIA CO.— International Silver Co., Successor. g 16 47 ROGERS BROS SILVER. PLATE THAT WEARS 1 Single Fancy Pieces or Sets in lined boxes make an attractive display on the counter and may supply a welcome hint to the customer who is trying to make up his or her mind regarding the wedding presents that are to be selected. Both the bride and the berry season are at hand and "1847 Rogers Bros." silver plate will meet the situation. Supplied to Retailers by all Leading Jobbers. g flBffyag' 1&47 ROGERS BR.OS @ 3 strations about one- third actual size 711 Columbia Salad Spoon, Fork and six Individual Salad Forks Our line of. Combination Sets in Lined Boxes is designed to fill the requirements of both dealer and puolic. Those who desire something more than these and similar sets will find a silk case containing twenty-six staple pieces admirably adapted to their needs, while others will look with favor upon our oak or mahogany chests containing various combinations. Distributed to the Public by Progressive Dealers. 1847 THEN- -THE SILVER STANDARD- -Now- 1907 tr»db — "1847 Rogers Bros." — mark then — 1847 — an d — 1 907 — now. Established in 1847 by Rogers Bros. issued by Meriden Britannia Co.,Meriden, Ct. (International Silver Co., Successor.) Vol. Ill— No. 3. JUNE, 1907. 5 Cents. MANY CHANGES. Castle Garden has seen strange sights and itself has experienced a number of rather re- markable changes. Erected as a fortress on an island in 1812 it stood sentinel for some years, guarding the city. In 1823 it was taken over by the munici- pality and in 1847 we find it a fashionable place of public amuse- ment, resounding, as the article in this issue declares, "with music and hilarious applause." According to an advertisement printed about that time, "no de- scription can adequately convey a notion of its numerous excellen- cies." After enumerating the va- rious attractions the advertisement continues: "and on Sundays there will be a Selection of Sacred Mu- sic for the Million, at 12 1-2 cents admission — the seriously disposed may view the great works of the Creator from the promenades out- side the walls while the more cheer- ful may lift up their hearts in Sa- cred Song. Operas on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays." Jenny Lind sang there a few years later and in 1852 the centenary of the stage in New York city was celebrated by a dramatic festival in which our old friend, Lola Montez, a sketch of whose remarkable life we present- ed in our last number, aroused tremendous enthusiasm. From 1855 until 1890 the one-time scene of fashionable splendor was destined to serve as an immigrant station. In 1896 it was transformed into the Aquarium. In our next issue we intend to illustrate our new pattern in the "1847 Rogers Bros." line, the "Charter Oak." It's a good name and we believe the pattern itself very popular. The city whose history we shall sketch will be Hartford, the home of the famous tree after which our new pattern is named. Hart- ford, too, in 1847, was the home of Rogers Bros, and of the electro-silver plating industry. Besides affording a glimpse of the Hartford of 1847 we shall briefly recall the episode of October 31, 1687, that made the Charter Oak famous in the annals of the American people. It is an interesting story. We all know it in a general way but our sketch may give some details that have escaped the mem- ories of most of us. It was a crucial period in the history of the Connecticut Colony and therefore of the country. In these days it is well occasionally to look back upon the beginnings of things on this side of the Atlantic. Such a glance can- not but prove both interesting and profitable. There are many men who are centuries old at sixty; others are hardly out of their youth. So with institutions and customs. Some of those of 1847 went to seed long ago, while others are as fresh and vigorous today as they were then. Using them as a basis of com- parison, 1847 differs in no way from 1907, and we are startled when other conditions that have greatly changed confront us. In connection with the sketch of Portland, Ore., we would call attention to the article on Page 1 regarding the proposition to build a railroad to the Pacific. These two articles taken together afford an illuminative view of the United States of 1847. prove VIEWS OF PORTLAND. Pictures help us to understand better than words the wonderful growth of the city of Portland. The small picture in the middle of the op- posite page gives a view of the west side of Front street, looking south from Ash street, as it appeared in the early days of Portland's history. The building in front of which a number of men are grouped was the first office of Wells, Fargo & Company in Portland. The upper picture is a modern view of Front street looking south from Ash street, and taking in the same localities as shown in the small illustration. The view at the bottom of the page shows the Wells, Fargo building of to-day on Sixth street, also the Hotel Portland, Mar- quam and Oregonian buildings. The blackheart cherry tree in full bloom, shown on this page, was hauled across the plains, as a two-year-old scion, from Iowa to Portland in 1847. Between 800 and 1 ,000 scions of other kinds of fruit trees were brought at the same time, and this effort by Henderson Luelling, of Henry County, la., marks the introduction of the first grafted fruit trees upon the Pacific coast in what is now American territory. We are indebted to Mr. H. S. Tuthill, of Portland, and the Oregon Historical Society for very valuable aid in securing views and data. PORTLAND OREGON IN THE YEAR 1847 WAS IN SOMEWHAT PECULIAR POSITION, Oregon, in 1847, was just settling down to the serious business of growing. The year previous its boundaries had been determined by treaty with Great Britain and in 1848 it became a territory. The year 1847 was an intermediate period in which to become accus- tomed to the idea that it was a part of this country and not of British America and to prepare for the part it was to play in the fut- ure history of the United States. Portland in 1847 was not a very import- ant place even in the new and sparsely peopled Oregon country. So slightingly was the future me- tropolis of the Pacific Northwest regarded that, in 1848 when Ore- gon became a territory, Portland was only "a place twelve miles from Oregon City." The census of 1850 gave the city but 821 inhabitants; that of 1 900 gave 90,426. An estimate of the present population places it at about 195,000 — truly a remark- able growth. In 1846 the dispute with Great Britain over the boundaries waxed very bitter and the newspapers on this side were full of war talk. The territory in dispute was bound- ed on the west by the Pacific ocean, on the south by the forty-second degree of latitude, on the east by the Rocky Mountains and on the north by 54:40 latitude. For twenty-eight years a treaty of joint occupancy had been in force, but with the settlement of the country, the provisions of this treaty grew irksome. Each side made a compromise offer. The United States conceded all north of latitude 49 to Great Britain, while the latter wished to cut out of what would thus be left to the United States the territory north and west of the Co- lumbia River. "The comparatively small territory which remains in dispute," the Anglo-American of November 29, 1845, contemptuously remarked, "is not one-tenth of 'the whole of Oregon'." The American offer prevailed and latitude 49 became the northern boundary, with the exception of the southern part of Vancouver Island, which, although below the line, re- mained British. Out of the Oregon defined by the treaty signed June 15, 1846, Congress, on March 2, 1853, carved Washington Territory. On March 3, 1863, Idaho was sliced off from Washington and to Montana and Wyoming were added parts of the original Oregon country. The bill providing for a territorial form of government passed both houses on August 14, 1848, and General Joseph Lane, a Mexican war veteran, was appointed the first governor, after the position had been refused by Abra- 1847— THEN- -II I I : SILVER STANDARD -now— 1907 ham Lincoln, who was destined to play another part in his country's history. Portland dates back to 1844, when Francis W. Pettygrove built the first house, a log cab- in, on the original town site and he and Amos L. Lovejoy projected a town in the wilder- ness. Pettygrove wished to name the village seen by his prophetic eye Portland, in honor of the chief city of Maine, his native state, but Lovejoy, a loyal Massachusetts man, con- tended for the name Boston. The tossing of a cent decided the question. The city was incorporated January 23, 1851. The first school in Portland was taught by Dr. Ralph Wilcox in 1847. - In this same year the first frame building in Portland was erected, and is still standing. The frame and the finishing lumber were ship- ped from Maine around Cape Horn. For a number of years after it was built it was by long odds the most pretentious house in Port- land. The first United States postal service west of the Rocky Mountains was authorized by Congress during the winter of 1846-7. It was in 1847 that Marcus Whitman, mis- sionary to the Indians, and thirteen others were massacred by the Cayuse Indians at Walla Walla. Five years before that Dr. Whit- man had made his famous journey across the continent to Washington to urge the administration to stand firm in the American claim to Oregon. "It is just," says the New England Magazine, "to rank Marcus Whitman with Fremont and other great pioneers." The massacre led to the "Cay- use war," which was prosecuted by a "Provisional Government," which declared war, raised an army, se;ured the funds to carry on the war and fulfilled other require- ments of a government — all this without the least authority from the government of the United States. "In this respect the Oregon story is unique in the history of the states of the American Union." The Provisional Government was managed by an executive committee of three until June 5, 1845, when George Abernethy was elected governor with a full complement of officials. Abernethy was succeeded by General Lane in 1 849. When we consider that the first official census of "Old Oregon" in 1 850, before the division of the ter- ritory, gave a population of but 13,294, the progress made by the state and by its largest city seems wonderful indeed. And Portland is still growing. According to the Portland Com- mercial Club, the percentage of increase in building permits during the months of May and July, 1906, over the same months of 1905 was greater than in any other city of the United States. Moreover it is claimed that Portland leads every city in the Pacific Northwest in postal receipts, school population, lumber produc- tion, wheat and flour exports and wholesale trade. Her annual wholesale business is said to amount to $205,000,000. Compare this great and growing city with the little settlement of 1847. The conver- sion of a bit of virgin forest into a prosper- ous city, pulsating with the spirit of progress, and all well within the span of one man s life, is not so common a matter as to be d over lightly. It is not difficult to point out why this was possible, but because to some degree we understand we are none the less impressed by the wonder of it all. The advance made in sixty years is not due entirely to Portland's natural physical advan- tages— important as they are — but in great part to the character of her founders and those who succeeded them. SILVER. PLATE THAT WEARS 16 4T ROGERS BROS 2 Carving Sets are necessary the year round in properly regulated households. More- over they make popular presents at this season. The persons receiving such a gift realize its value when they see the trade-mark "1847 Rogers Bros." Each piece is the result of skill and honest workmanship. A bread knife also makes a desirable and useful gift. Supplied to Retailers by all Leading Jobbers. 8 13 47 ROGERS BKOS SILVEK. PLATE THAT WEARS 1 Saves Time and Talk "I find I must handle the 1847 Rogers Bros. brand,'' declared a buyer recently. "It saves valuable time and talk. Whether some of the other brands are just as good does not enter into the question. The buying public know the 1847 Rogers Bros, goods and to show them goods stamped with that trade-mark is to satisfy them as to the quality. "With other brands it takes time to convince the purchaser — time which even the most capable and convincing salespeople cannot devote to any one line. "I am convinced that 1847 Rogers Bros, is the line for the busy dealer to tie up to." Without doubt many dealers have had the same experience related in the above statement — which, by the way, was actually made by the buyer of a large and well- known house. The stamp "1847 Rogers Bros." is a guarantee— and the buying public recognize it as such. Meriden Britannia Co., Meriden, Connecticut MADE AND GUARANTEED BY *** ROGERS BROS. (International Silver Co., Successor) NEW YORK HAMILTON, CANADA CHICAGO — HOLLOWWARE TRADEMARKS— [MjjjjCo] Gj^A) | W°M EM OlINTsl —HOLLOWWARE TRADEMARKS— ^Hbas! Distributed to the Public by Progressive Dealers. THE SILVER STANDARD, JUNE, 1847. Th,* Siluer^tmtriard Established IN 1847 BY Rogeks Bros. JUNE. 1847. ILLUMINATION CELEBRATION HELD IN NEW YORK. The grand celebra- tion, recently held, is admitted to have been the most splendid scene ever witnessed in New York city. The military parade, though extensive and splendid, did not constitute the most interesting display of the occasion. The day was serene and pleasant, and in the evening Broadway and other principal streets works were displayed presented continuous from the City Hall, lines of flame. Museum. Astor House Commencing with I ammany and several Castle Garden, it ex- | other buildings in the tendedin one unbroken immediate vicinity, sheet to the New York I The Park and all the Hotel, embracing streets adjoining and among the more con- , leading thereto, were spicuous buildings the ! densely crowded with City Hotel, New Eng- admiring multitudes land House, Rathbun's Hotel, Howard's Ho- tel, the Franklin House, the Astor, American Hotel, City Hall, Gal- lery of Fine Arts, Stewart's Palace Baz- aar, with hundreds of numbering at least 100, 000 people. At 10 o'clock the lights were extinguished and the people quietly retired. Wilhelmus Simmons, Taghkanie, N Y., private dwellings de- j found a hornet's nest vised with transparen- j under the eaves of his cies, fireworks and lights barn. He tied some of every description. I matches to the end of a The Theatres, the j pole, and set the nest American Museum, j on fire. By this pro- and other places of cess he also burned up amusement were all the barn, in which the brilliantly illuminated. | foolish man lost one Lovejoy's Hotel, Tarn- thousand bushe's of oats, many Hall, and indeed a large quantity of hay, the whole block in rye, &c, making a loss which Tammany Hall of about $1 ,200. OREGON AND CALIFORNIA- The St. Joseph's, Mis- souri, Gazette says: Four hundred and thir- ty-three wagons passed through Independence this spring, destined for Oregon and California. The number that have THE NEW POS- They surely cannot dis- 1 PROFITS BY TAGE LA W— cover without breaking TRASH-Dickens' Many and loud are the the seal of the envelope share of the profits of complaints of some of i and if they take that the last number of the most ridiculous as well as inconvenient features of the "back- ward march" improve- ments in the post office laws, passed by the re- passed through this I cent session of sages at place added to the above I Washington will increase th ber to upward e ."SIS ' One °f these objec wagons, now on their way to Oregon. Averaging five per- sons to each wagon, you have 6,500 per- sons large and small, ,300 tionables consists in re- quiring three cents pos- tage to be prepaid on all transient newspa- pers. The result proves what any sober man might have foreseen liberty they will open all letters indiscrimi- nately, and conse- quently destroy the let- ter business altogether. Surely our Congress- men are greatly addict "Dombey & Son," was twenty-three thou- sand dollars. That's the way of the world. Milton got ten pounds for his "Paradise Lost." A little girl died late- ly in Rahway, N. J., without the physicians being able to ascertain the cause. By a post mortem examination j seen at work, and their 1 30 cherry stones were ! action to be studied, found in the stomach. I A discovery of interest. now on their way to that instead of 50,000 Oregon and California, single copies of news- We heard yester- papers being sent from day that nearly five friend to friend as form - hundred Mormons had erly, there is sent now left their encampment leSs than 50 per week; at the Bluffs, with the intent'on of settling in and near this place. A Belgian savant says he has just discov- ered that the electric light directed on the human body, makes it so diaphonous as to enable the arteries, veins and nerves to be occasions. GIFT TO HAR- VARD-Abbott Lawrence, of Lowell, Mass., has made a do- nation of $50,0UU for the purpose of erecting suitable buildings and endowing professor- ships in the University of Harvard. The new department so that the Post Office l is to form a school for revenue will by this fol- 1 Practical Science. The ly be reduced probably ' donor specifies three $20,000 per annum. | branches, viz: Mining, But a more ridiculous ! Engineering and Ma- ed to absence of mind Wilson, the American on certain special ornithologist, was never above want, while here a light novelist gets thousands for his useless literature. clause, is that forbid- ding the enclosing in the same envelope, let- ters addressed to differ- ent persons. Now, tb :hin It is reported that the Western Railroad Company has given d query is, how are the • rections to cut down all I had carved the hand in deputy postmasters to know or find out what papers a close sealed envelope contains? telegraph poles which lean so as to endanger the lives of brakemen on the tops of trains. stands, was radiant with light. The news- paper offices, without exception, joined in the fete. Transparen- cies, banners, and fire- works hovered over them like a mottled blaze of glory. The illumination ran into every nook and corner of the city, and many private houses displayed a magnifi- cence that on an ordi- nary occasion would have excited general applause. The City Hall and Sun buildings stand credited with making of themselves the grandest displays of the night. The Sun buildings were in a per- fect blaze, nearly one- half of the entire front on Fulton street being made up of windows, while rockets darted from its roof into the sky, raining fire of a The united rays from The principal names I The Cherokee Leg- 1 During the recent J A gentleman in Cin- fifty thousand candles in Waldoboro, Me., islature have voted an Missionary Convention cinnati, accustomed to dispelled the darkness are Head, Horn, Hide, annual pension of $300 I at New Haven, a gang bathe in alcohol, acci- of night in the Park, Hoof, Sides, Shank, to the widow of George of pickpockets appear- : dentally set himself on while hundreds of gay I Blood, and (in place of | Guess, who invented ed among a throng, | fire, and was danger- rockets and other fire- tail) Onberhind. 1 the Cherokee alphabet. I dressed as clergymen. ously burned. One of the prisoners at Sing Sing escaped on Wednesday last by an ingenious expedient. The keepers at night ascertain that each prisoner is in his celi by the hand, which is thrust through the bars. The prisoner manufac- tured a hand, and em- ployed one of his fellow prisoners to stick it in the bars of his cell, while he himself re- mained in the work- shop, from which he easily escaped. H< his cell, carrying out the shavings every morning to the work- shop. IOODENNESS is one of the distinctive features of America— wooden houses, wooden door- steps, wooden slates, wooden pillars, wooden palings, wooden wharfs, and hear and there wooden roads and wooden pavements. "Things as They are in cAmerica," by W. Chambers. A duel was fought at Newark, N. J., re- cently by Mr. Valen- tine, a lawyer, and H. W. Herbert, a gentle- man of the literati. CASTLE GARDEN DESCRIPTION OF THE RESORT. Our artist has here given us a very truthful picture of this well- known locality and building. The capaci- ty of the latter is per- fectlyenormous. Every person who has ever visited the city of New York is doubtless aware of the superiority of its situation as a fashion- able resort in the hot and sultry days of sum- mer. No stranger journey- ing to the London of America, will neglect visiting, among the oth- er beautiful and promi- nent objects of interest with which the city abounds, this noted place. A strange mutation here! No longer de- voted to warlike pur- poses this place resounds with music and hilari- ous applause. It has been roofed entirely over, and a cupola lets in light from above, the gravelled court has been floored, an amphithea- tre has been built with- in the walls, capable of seating four thousand persons, the roof is sus- tained upon gothic pil- lars and the interior has been beautified by de- signs in Fresco. A stage has been erected and an orchestra in which are thirty-two musicians plays. The principal mem- bers of the late Italian opera company are there on alternate nights, giving the music of fine operas, choruses and all, but not in cos- tume nor with change of scene, and the amuse- ments of other nights being English vocalism, Tight Rope, and other popular exhibitions. TELEGRAPH- ING— A correspond- ent of the Buffalo Ex- press tells the largest story yet of feats per- formed by telegraph operators. He says, among other marvellous things, that Mr. S. Porter, the Superin- tendent of the telegr»ph line from Buffalo to Toronto, Canada, for lack of other facilities at the moment, has read communications cor- rectly by holding the wires in his hands and observing the twitches of the nerves at his wrist. Another opera- tor. Mr. C. C. Hask- ins, who is in charge of the office at Queens- ton, by placing the end of the wire upon his tongue, reads perfectly and without the slight- est error, by the sensa- tion of the shocks. This he has often done, and with entire accu- racy. Cfje g>tltoer g>tantiarti ESTABLISHED IN 1847 BY ROGERS BROS. Vol. III. No. 4. AUGUST, 1847. Five Cknts U. S. BEHIND IN TELEGRAPH JOHN BULL MAKES BETTER LIGHTNING. WHAT IS BEING DONE WITH NEW IN- VENTION ON THIS SIDE OF THE ATLANTIC. Cannot our people make as good lightning as the family of John Bull? ask Fisher's Ma- gazine. In Great Brit- tain lines are being con- structed in various di rections all in the most noiseless and unosten- tatious manner; so that for any and all the pur- poses of peace and of war the British nation are becoming asonein- dividual, in respect to the means and oppor- tunites of instantaneous intelligence and inter- communication; and their whole Island and its immediate depend- encies can give and re- ceive advice of very in- teresting emergency, and from the centre to their circumference, sooner than our people can cross the ferry from Courtland Street to Jer- sey City! And yet we are really persuading our- selves that we Ameri- cans are the most enter- prising, circumventing, far-seeing, far-reaching, and quick-moving peo- ple in the wide world! We are rapid it is true, in some matters; but they are very apt to be matters of very little moment. A PATENT 1N- FRINGEMENT.- The Board of Alder- men, last Monday eve- ning, voted to permit Hugh Downing, and RoyalR. House, to lay a line of telegraphic wires through the west side of New York city, over the tops of the houses, provided they first obtain the consent of the owners of said houses. We understand that as soon as such a line un- dertakes to operate. Prof. Morse will cause an injunction to be laid upon it for the purpose of testing the extent and validity of his patent. He maintains that his patent involves the' whole application of electricity to telegraphic purposes by means of continuous wires and that no improvement in the mode of instruments by which the telegraph is operated can be used except by his permission . WESTERN TEL- EGRAPH CO. In a letter to the Cin- cinnati Gazette, Eli- phalet Case, Jr., an- nounces that he has ob- tained a legal transfer from the patentees of their right to construct a line or lines of mag- netic telegraph, connec- ting the cities of New York, Washington, Baltimore, and Phila- delphia westward with Harrisburg, Pittsburg, Cumberland, Wheel- ing, via Columbus to Cincinnati, Louisville, Nashville. &c. . to New Orleans, and from Louisville to St. Louis, and from Columbus to Cleveland. He will proceed to form a company imme- diately to be known as "The Western Tele- graph Company," for the purpose of raising the necessary funds to connect the above named places, and in- termediate points of suf- ficient importance to re- quire an office. The cost of construction, in- cluding batteries, and all things necessary for working Morse's Elec- tro-Magnetic Tele- graph, is not to exceed $125 per mile for one wire and $35 per mile for each additional wire. — The whole dis- tance will fall short of two thousand miles, and consequently the entire cost will be less than $2 50,000— a very small sum for such an important work. The interruptions on the eastern lines will be avoided on this line by using iron wire instead FOR PEACE AMONG NATIONS PROPOSAL OF AMERICAN SOCIETY. ADVOCATES A CONGRESS OF NATIONS FOR THE PURPOSE OF SET- TLING DISPUTES. of copper, and of three times the size, and nine times the strength, and by using great care in the insulation. In fact, the frail cop- per wire used upon the eastern lines when first constructed is now be ing replaced by a sub stantial iron cord, or wire, of sufficient strength to resist the storms, and especially the ice, that have here tof ore broken it to pieces and interrupted com- munication. TELEGRAPH TORN DOWN- There are towers built on the banks of the Hudson. a shortdistance above New York city, for suspending the wires of House's Telegraph, which crosses the river to the Jersey side. Last week the fly of a sloop caught the curve of the wires and tore them away. Our telegraph opera- tors will yet be forced into the more plausible plan of carrying the wires across the rivers by tubes laid down in the water. GOVERNMENT CONTROL— It has been recommended by some of the merchants, that when Congress meet, to take measures to [-lace the control of all the direct routes of the Electric Telegraph in the hands of the Gen- eral Government. GLASS FOR PI- ANO KEYS.-Itwill be seen that they are beginning to use ruby glass for this purpose in England. We have on- ly to say that the same plan was proposed by C. H. Packard, of Bridgewater, Mass., some time ago, and that he has been engaged, we believe, in perfecting his invention, and that he is the American in- ventor of this substitute for ebony and ivory in the keys of organs and pianos. Two large elephants belonging to Messrs. Raymond 6c Co. were drowned in the Dela- ware river, near Phila- delphia, on the I 5th. They refused to walk down a ferry slip to a steamboat; but when their keeper led them to the marine railway to induce them to swim, (to which they cheer- fully submitted,) unfor- tunately they were yoked together, and this so embarrased them that both were drown- ed. A young man in Newark, N. J., in shak- ing a pair of pantaloons, one leg flew up, driving a strap button into one of his eyes, making a strange and very severe wound. Some hope of saving the organ is en- couraged by the physi- cians. A new shaving soap has been invented, which ta kes off the beard by merely rubbing the soap on the chin. The only fault our informant says it possesses is that it takes off the skin too. LOCOMOTIVE ON HIGHWAY- We perceive that an experiment has been made in France with a peculiar kind of Loco- motive, to run on the highways. This is not a new invention. Steam Coaches ran for a short time on some of the roads in Scotland, in 1843, but a great ex- plosion put an end to the sheme. WAS A HOAX — A contemporary has discovered that a report of a marriage of a gent- leman in Boston to a lady in New York by Telegraph, is a sheer hoax ! Bright isn 't he ? GREAT PRO- JECT- It is contem- plated to bring the En- field Canal to Hart- ford. Ct., so as to supply the city with water and water power. The route has already been surveyed, and found practicable. This will enable Hartford to work 500,000 spindles, thus exceeding Lowell. The whole cost would be about $700,000. It certainly is a great pro- ject. It is proposed in this article to offer some re- marks on the project of the "American Peace Society,' for a "Con- gress of Nations." The writer issufficientlysen- sible of the disfavor with which the project is likely to be regarded: "Utopian, chimerical, impracticable" are the terms which doubtless many will apply to it ; and yet, if there is a law of Nations, is it extra- vagant to ask why there may not be a Court of Nations? The world is slowly arriving at the convic- tion that there must be some other method than war by which reason- able beings may settle their disputes. Suppose a Court of Reference, then, as- sembled to settle some great national contro- versy. How natural would it be, that other and similar questions should be submitted to it! If the court were composed of individuals of great weight and dig- nity of character, we persuade ourselves that it could hardly happen but that some other causes would be brought before it. And thus in time there might grow up a great Amphicty- onic Council, more worthy surely to decide between civilized nat- ions, than the dread as- size of battle. If a congress of nations were now assembled to form a code, would not the work be left half undone if a court were not organized, to inter- pret and apply it? Such a cojrt would possess great advantages in its position and per- manence. From its per- manence, it would be in a situation to form a body of precedents to govern its decisions. That great step, in civilization which would be taken by the estab- lishment of a court of nations, .the greatest — probably the most im- portant that yet remains to be taken does really not present itself in a light as extravagant as have many successful projectsfor the improve- ment of the human con- dition. In the next place, against the proposition made in this essay, no prejudice ought to be entertained on account of its seeming novelty ; for the very good reason that it is not new. Far back in the ages of Grecian story, so far, indetd, that its origin is lost in the shadows of antiquity, flourished, at Thermopylae, the Am- phictyonic Council. There has been too an alliance within the present century, an al- liance denominated "Holy, "for the defence of royalandimperial pre- rogatives against pop- ular encroachments; and without asking why a Holy Alliance may not be formed for the welfare of the people, by the preservance of peace, it may, at least be said that a propo- sition to this effect ought not to be regarded as a strange and monstrous project, to be rejected because it is new. It is only to change the de- sign without changing the form, and the ex- ample becomes familiar. AtHagerstown.Md. in courting a pirlin the a suit has been instituted plaintiff's family. The for the recovery of 75 suit was decided in fa- cents, on account of vor cf the latter. Lovers candles, firewood, &c. should do their courting used by the defendant in the summer time. We are indebted to Scientific American, Graham's Magazine, Boston Almanac and others of the "1847" period for material in tl Meriden, Conn., August, 1907— MERIDEN BRITANNIA CO.— International Silver Co., Successor. 1847— THEN -THE SILVER STANDARD now — 1907 THE CHARTER OAK STORY OF THE TREE THAT IS FAMOUS IN THE HISTORY OF OUR COUNTRY. The Charter Oak — for a period the reposi- courtly and tactful man in the colony," was was delivered to two Hartford magistrates, Sam- tory of the charter of the Connecticut colony sent to England on this mission, carrying with uel Wyllys and John Talcott, the treasurer —stands for one of the most romantic episodes him a draft of the charter, and succeeded of the Colony, who, as commissioners of the WWl \M„ i ** CHARTER DEPOSITED 1687 + -I- TREE' DESTROYED 1856 *+ in the history of our country. As is usual in such cases, time has drawn a veil of mystery about the incident, and it is sometimes difficult to distinguish between what is fact and fiction. In the present sketch we shall endeavor to stick as close as may be to what appears to be well authenticated. The Colony obtained its charter from Charles lion April 23rd, 1662. Governor John Winthrop, described as "perhaps the most where doubtless the average man would have failed. The charter was issued to Governor Win- throp in duplicate, each copy being valid and binding. One of these he consigned to Simon Bradstreet and Rev. John Norton, who were about to return to Massachusetts colony, whence they had come to make secure their own charter. They arrived in Boston Sep- tember 3rd, 1662, and the charter probably United Colonies, met at Boston the day after the arrival of Bradstreet and Norton. The sec- ond copy remained in England for many years. For nearly a generation the Connecticut colony retained undisputed possession of its charter. Then came trouble. On December 19th, 1686, Sir Edmund Andros arrived in Boston bearing a commission as Governor of New England. Charles was dead, and 1S47— in i:n* -THE SILVER STANDARD now— 1907 James, who had ascended the throne in 1685, had from the first assumed an attitude calcu- lated to cause much misgiving in the minds of the colonists. Shortly after Andros' arrival in this country he demanded that Connecti- cut's charter be surrendered. He was not, however, so successful as in the case of Mass- achusetts, which had complied with a like demand. The sentiment of the colonists was unmistakably against yielding. John Talcott and John Allyn, who, with Samuel Wyllys, had been appointed by the General Court of Connecticut as keepers of the charter, questioned the wisdom of hold- ing out, and expressed that opinion to the Assembly, March 30th, 1687. The reply of that body was another and decisive vote against surrender. On October 26th, 1687, therefore, Gov- ernor Andros set out for Hartford, escorted by some gentlemen of his council, trumpeters and redcoats. Hartford, at this time, was a scattered village, having about 1 ,200 inhabi- tants. Although the wealthiest town in the Colony, its taxable estates amounted to only £18,118. It was hallowe'en when Andros and his party reached Hartford. The mem- bers of the General Court were gathered, awaiting his arrival, and a session or the Court was held without delay. There were present Governor Robert Treat, Deputy Governor James Bishop, Assistants John Talcott, John Allyn, William Jones, John Wadsworth, Andrew Leete, Benjamin Newberry, Giles Hamlin, James Fitch and Samuel Mason, and the following depu- ties of the Colony ; " Nathaniel Stanley and Ciprian Niccols, for Hartford ; Henry Woll- cott, (Windsor); William Lewes, and John Stanley, (Farmington) ; Daniel Harris, (Mid- dletown) ; Moses Mansfield and Abram Dickerman, (New Haven) ; John Beard and Samuel Buckingham, (Milford); Samuel Sherman, (Stratford); Samuel Hayes, (Nor- walk); Thomas Leffingwell, Norwich); Abra- ham Brunson, (Lyme); Henry Crane, (Kill- ingworth); William Johnson and John Grave, (Guilford); Thomas Yale and John Hall, (Wallingford); Ebenezer Johnson, ( Derby); George Gates, (Haddam); Eliezur Stent, (Branford); John Chapman and William Dudley, (Saybrook)." The towns of Simsbury, Woodbury, Stam- ford and Stomngton were not represented. To all these members of the Court the occasion was momentous. They felt that they and the little commonwealth of which they were a part had been brought face to face with a great crisis. They could not, of course, realize how much depended on the outcome of the meeting that night; they could not foresee the mighty nation that was to be buiided on the broad foundation of civic liberty they were helping to lay; but to some of them doubtless it was plain not only that the rights of the Connecticut Colony were in jeop- ardy, but that a great principle was at stake — a principle the overthrowing of which would affect others than the little state cling- ing to it so desperately. As to just what happened at that evening session no contemporary record exists, and probably none was made, other than the sin- gle sentence which officially records the an- nexation of Connecticut by Andros. A summary of the earliest accounts, written the Assembly to be the keeper of it, and the by those who might have heard the story Council "concluded that it should remain in from participants in the affair, is as follows: his custodie" and it "was delivered to him." The session continued until late in the even- Still later, in May, 1715, the following re- mg. so that lights were necessary. The solution, passed by the General Court, is inter- members were very reluctant about taking any esting: action towards surrendering the charter. Gov- "i i -i . i.l c -.lc i j j • . -P . . 6. ii f , Upon consideration or the faithful and good service of ernor 1 reat in a long speech, told of the ex- Captain Joseph Wadsworth, of Hartford, especially in pense and hardships that the colonists had securing the Duplicate Charter of this Colony in a very endured in founding the colony and in de- 'ro"^s7e -ason when our constitution was struck at. £ ,. . j j i i .. i • ii • and ln safely keeping and preserving the same ever since tending it, and declared that it was like giv- unto this day; This Assembly do, as a token of their ins up his life" now to surrender the orivi- grateful resentment of such his faithful and good service. leges so dearly bought and so long enjoyed. Then in the midst of the debate, and per- haps when it seemed that the charter must be given up, suddenly the candles were extin- guished. When they were relighted, the charter, which had been spread upon the grant him out of the CoI< shir iy treasury the sum of twenty Thus it is proven that Wadsworth both "secured" the charter and "preserved" it for more than twenty-five years. Joseph Wadsworth, the hero of the ro- VV 111^11 I I. I! J M < || |)I< Ml UUU11 11IC ' . .1 table in the midst of the Assembly, was gone., ma"tlC i"' We f^ Qattem,Pt^ l° de" Was this act of taking the charter the out- scnbe' was born m l648 was born in 1 648. t i ii ,l Li I . freeman of the colony October 12th. 1676 of some carefully thought-out plot, or , , , , >, ■> y^"^1 <<■"•• '"'"• by order of the Ceneral Court. He fought as' a sergeant in King Philip's war, and ap- have b come was it the sudden act of some individual pre- sent? Did Andros storm and threaten and call upon the redcoated soldiers to search for and recover the document and to bring before him the guilty party who had taken it? Did the Governor and members present, conceal- ing their satisfaction, endeavor to apologize for the incident and join with Andros in a vain search for the missing document? We do not know. The answer to these and other quer- ies is left to the imagination. Andros did not regard the spiriting away of the charter as a defeat, however, as is clearly evidenced by the following terse entry which appears on the records of the Colony: His Excellency, Sir Edmund Andros, Knight, Cap- pears to have been a man of considerable consequence in the colony. He was ap- pointed lieutenant and later captain by order of the General Assembly. He was a deputy from Hartford in 1685, '94, '95, '99, 1703, 04, 05. He became a lawyer in 1712 at the age of sixty-four. He died in I 730, and his body is supposed to have been buried in the cemetery at the corner of Main and Gold streets, Hartford, although no stone marks his resting place. We have seen that the charter was made out in duplicate, and that Winthrop forward- ed one of the copies to the colony. It seems tain General and Governor of His Majesty's Terri- to have been expected that he would bring lories and Dominions in New England, by order of His Majesty, James the second. King of England, Scotland, France and Ireland, the thirty-first of Octo- ber, 1687, took into his hands the Government of this Colony of Connecticut, it being by His Majesty an- nexed to the Massachusetts and other colonies under His Excellencies Government. Finis." Meantime, what of the charter? It had disappeared during the period of darkness while the candles were being relighted. Some say that both charters were taken at this time, although official records tend to disprove this. The credit for taking and preserving the char ter (or charters) is given to sundry different persons by early writers on the subject and by the traditions handed down in several families But the only official record gives credit alone to Captain Joseph Wadsworth. This session of the Court is believed to have been held behind closed doors, and conse- quently, as Wadsworth was not a member, he could not have been present, and the actual removal of the charter from the table must have been the work of another hand than his. But he it was, no doubt, who carried the pre- cious parchment through the town under cover of the darkness and secreted it in a hollow of the now famous oak, which stood in front of the residence of Magistrate Samuel Wyllys. It is unlikely that the charter remained hid- den in the oak for a considerable time. Th the other copy with him when he returned from England the following year. This Winthrop did not do, but instead left it in London in the hands of James Porter. There it remained until late in 1686, twenty-four years, when William Whiting, the Colony's agent in London, was instructed to procure it from Porter and have it ready to exhibit in Court if need be at the hearing of Quo War- ranto proceedings on the annulment of this very charter. The correspondence that is preserved between Whiting and the Colony seems to prove beyond question that this charter was not sent to Connecticut between October, 1686, when the instructions above noted were sent, and October, 1687, when the charter was hidden. There was no rea- son at that time for sending it to this country, while there was every reason of retaining it in London. Consequently, there could have been but one charter preserved and hidden by Wadsworth, there being but one in Con- necticut at the time of Andros' visit and de- mand; and this, notwithstanding the various statements that the two charters were hidden and the sundry names given as the traditional preservers of each. Of the two charters, one was the "origi- nal " and the other the "duplicate" only in chance of its accidental discovery there or of j 'be sense of one having been sealed first, its injury or destruction by dampness or ani- j Several other manuscript copies which have mals would have been too great. come down to us appear, from certain pecul- Wadsworth retained the charter in his pos- 1 lanties of their wording, to have been made session for many years. In 1698, eleven years from the charter which had first received the after its preservation by him, upon order from great seal of England — for the use of which a the Governor and Council he brought it be- fee of £5 was paid, as was noted both on the fore them and affirmed that he had orders from (Continued on page 6) 1847 — THEN- -THE SILVER STANDARD- -1907 tr»dr — "1847 Rogers Bros." — mark then— 1s47— and— 1967— now. Established in 1847 by Rogers Bros. issued by Meriden Britannia Co. , Meriden, Ct. {International Silver Co., Successor.) Vol. Ill— No. 4. AUGUST, 1907. 5 Cents. LOLA MONTEZ AGAIN. Long ago we gave up speculating as to whether The Standard was being carefully read by those to whom it was sent. We have received so many words of commen- dation and so great a degree of genuine appreciation has been and constantly is being manifested that that question has been very satis- factorily answered. In this connection a recent letter is of more than usual in- terest, dealing, as it does, with a feature of a late issue of The Standard. Mr. E. M. Shepherd, of the jewelry firm of Shepherd & Ben- nett, of Maiden, Mass., writes as fol- lows regarding Lola Montez, the dancer and favorite of the King of Bavaria, whose life we very briefly sketched and whose portrait we printed: chamber rian of the Connecticut Historical Society at Hartford. We have regretfully but firmly turned our back upon many details of the story that, although adding to it much color and "human interest," do not seem capable of verification. To any one desiring to read a longer ac- count and one rich in detail we would recom- mend Mr. W. H. Gocher's " Wadsworth, or The Charter Oak," published by the author, a Hartford gentleman. The disappearance of the charter is told in a very entertaining way. The conference between Governor Andros and the colonists, according to this account, was held in the tavern, to which a wing had been recently added. The addition of this wing darkened a window in the upper room, which was often used as a council To the Editor of the Silver Standard, Dear Sir : — Any one who lived in Boston or any great American city during the early 50's, if at that time of mature age, will remember Lola Mon- tez, and there can be no doubt as to her right to have a place among the miscellanies of the Standard. Here is a "skit" about Lola which was pub- lished at the time in a Boston paper : " Some say, what stoutly I deny, That Lola Montez is cracked up too high;* That su' ly none can say who'd be impartial; She's booked for ten nights more to Mr. Marshall."! *A phrase of the time, nv aning praised too highly. tMr. Wyzeman Marsh.- J] Lessee and Man- ager of the Boston Howard Athaneum, had just effected a re-eng?.gement with Lola for t. o weeks, no perfor'.iance^ on Saturday. The foregoing is ' not necessarily for publi- cation," but might be of interest to a few who remember old times. Thanking you very much for the pleasure it gives me to read and be reminded of the sprightly things of days gone by, by The Standard's judiciously culled items, I remain Very truly yours, E. M. Shepherd. and was concealed by a valance. A stairway was built to connect it with the lane. Just outside of the window, on the night of the conference, there stood a man destined to play an important role in what was about to take place, for to him, Captain Joseph Wads- worth, had been assigned the task of stealing the charter. Governor Andros presented his case and made his demand for the surrender of the document. Brought to bay as they were, the colonists defended their position firmly but despairingly. The discussion was at its height, Andros determined and confident, the deputies no less determined but far less assured, when suddenly the candles were extinguished. Under cover of the sudden darkness the paper was passed to Captain Wadsworth, who descended to the alley and, evading Andros' soldiers, made his way as fast as possible to the home of Samuel Wyllys, one of the cus- todians of the charter, but who at this time was in the West Indies. Fearing that the house might be searched, Our sketch of the Charter Oak in this num- Mrs. Wyllys suggested hiding the charter in ber is, we believe, as strictly in accord with the hollow oak on the estate. Captain Wads- the facts as is possible in the circumstances, worth's further adventures are described in In its preparation we have had the very valua- Mr. Gocher's book, but lack of space forbids ble assistance of Mr. Albert C. Bates, librar- their recital here. HARTFORD | SKETCH OF CONNECTICUT'S CAP- ITAL, THE HOME OF THE CHARTER OAK. The view of Hartford in 1847 shown on this page is thus described in Gleason's Picto- rial Drawing-Room Companion, a publication of that period : "This is a view in the centre of the city, looking down Main street. On the left of the picture is seen the State House. This building is situated in a small triangular park bounded by State and Main streets and Central Row, and is similar in style to the City Hall, New York. It is occupied by the State Senate and Assembly, the Gov- ernor and other State Officers, be- sides some of the local courts. In the Assembly chamber is the original por- trait of Washington by Stuart. "Over the buil- ding to the right of the cupola is seen thespireofthe Uni- tarian Uniiversalist Congregational Church, :n the base- ment of which is the post-office. On Main street, oppo- site the State House, the building with the Phoenix upon it is the Phoenix Bank, just below which is seen the spire of the Centre Congregational Church. "Opposite this church and hidden by the trees is the Wadsworth Anthenaeum, on the same side with which is St. John's Church (Episcopal). In the extreme distance on the right of the picture is seen the spire of the South Congregational Church. This Church is a division of the Centre Congregational Church, which was itself organized in Newtown, Mass., in 1633, under the pastoral charge of the celebrated Rev. Thos. Hooker. "Main street is one of the handsomest streets in New England, and is about one hundred and twenty feet wide, and from one and a half to two miles long. In the summer season it affords a magnificent drive, branching, as it does, at either end in several beautiful roads leading to the various towns and villages in the vicinity." As a contrast, we present, on the next page, a view of the same locality as it appears today, the cut being made from a photograph taken specially for The Silver Standard. Hartford sixty years ago was not a large city. The census of 1840 showed a popu- lation of 9,468; the 1850 enumeration, 17,- 966. But 1847 was a period of development. The Mexican War, which then was in pro- 1847 THE SILVER STANDARD now — 1907 gress, had much to do with the growth of one great enterprise, creating as it did, a demand for the Colt revolver. Another industry that dates back to 1847 is too well known to readers of 7 he Silver Standard to require much emphasis. Three Hartford silversmiths, that year, first produced electro-silver plated spoons and forks. The process thus introduced by the Rogers brothers, who shortly after removed to Meriden, has resulted in the great business of today. Two years before that a young man named Pliny Jewell had come to Hartford from New Hampshire and was running a lanyard. The outgrowth of that humble enterprise was the important Jewell Belting Co. The discovery of anesthesia is credited to a Hartford physician of that period — Dr. Horace Wells. In connection with the article on Page 2 dealing with the Charter Oak, a glance at the early history of Hart- ford may not be out of place. In 1633 a band of Englishmen, led by their pastor, Rev. Thomas Hooker, arrived at Cambridge, Mass., then known as Newtown. In 1 636 they emigrated to what is now Hart- ford.The land at Hart- ford they bought from the River Indians. Thirteen years before this — 1 623 — the Dutch had founded a trading post at the junction cf the Connecticut and Little River (now Park River). This locality is still known as Dutch Point in the city of Hart- ford. By the time of Hooker's arrival, it had grown into a small fort, enclosing several buildings and provided with a small cannon, and sheltered quite a number of people, in- cluding women and children, — possibly thirty all told. It was surrounded by a cultivated farm of about twenty-five acres. The Dutch also had purchased the land of the Indians, dealing with the Pequots, to whom the River Indians were tributary. Quarrels soon arose between the English and Dutch settlers and when war broke out between the mother countries the Dutch moved to New York. On January 14th, 1639, about two hundred men of the Connecticut colony, which then consisted of the inhabitants of Hartford, Wind- sor and Wethersfield, came together in the Hartford meeting-house, which was on or near the site of the present City Hall. The result of this meeting was a written constitution — the Fundamental Orders — the provisions of which were at a later date embodied in the famous charter and which remained in force until 1818. "From this seed," says the historian Ban- croft, "sprang the constitution of Connecticut, first in the series of written American consti- tutions, framed by the people, for the people. Nearly two centuries have elapsed, but the people of Connecticut have found no reason to deviate from the government established by their fathers." It was an important event, not alone in the history of this commonwealth or, indeed, of the nation, but of the whole civilized world. It was the birth of a mighty principle— that of "government of the people, by the people, for the people." These pioneers who framed the Connecticut constitution were a sturdy folk, and their lead- er, Thomas Hooker, was a remarkable man, — a man whose qualities and worth were rec- ognized by statesmen in England as well as by the handful of Colonists in the new world. He was born probably in 1586 at Marfield, a hamlet in Leicestershire. Because of his opinions he was forced to flee to Holland in 1630, whence he returned to England in 1633 to take passage to America, reaching Boston September 4th, of that year. On the same vessel arrived Rev. Samuel Stone and John Haynes. Haynes was a gentleman and of much in- fluence in his new surroundings. He was cho- sen governor of Massachusetts in 1635 and of Connecticut every alternate year from 1639 until his death in 1654. All three are buried in the old Hartford graveyard, and their mon- uments may be seen in the enclosure near the rear of the First (Center) Church. Thomas Hooker was a genuine democrat with opinions far in advance of even the pro- gressive men with whom he was associated. He declared that "in matters of greater con- sequence, which concern the common good, a General Council chosen by all, I conceive, under favor, most suitable to rule and most safe for relief of the whole." "The foundation of authority," to quote from a sermon delivered by him in 1638, "is laid, firstly, in the free consent of the people. The choice of public magistrates belongs unto the people, by God's own allowance. They who have power to appoint officers and ma- gistrates, it is in their power, also, to set the bounds and limitations of the power and place unto which they call them. The lesson taught is — to persuade us, as God hath given us lib- erty, to take it." The conditions in those early days were primitive. As early as 1641 Hartford had a bell-ringer and town-crier, who rang his bell in the streets every morning an hour before day-break. Some one must be up in every house fifteen minutes after this signal in order to make a light. The meeting house bell was rung at noon and at 9 P. M., the latter as a signal to prepare for rest. There was a week- ly market and a Fair in May and September, these being Festival days. "A common dress of women," we are told, "was a blue and white linen waist, with short sleeves; joined to a skirt of serge, and a white apron. The good wife went abroad for visit- ing or to meeting attired in a short gown of 'sad stuff', laced in front, with a white kerchief about her neck and bosom, with mitts cover- ing the forearm and bits of ribbon here and there. Wealthier la- dies of quality appeared, on good occasion, in flowing brocadesorwith gowns of cashmere and silk, with embroidered stomachers, silk scaifs and fine laces. Clothing of leather was much worn by laborers and servants. Coarse, firm, homespun cloth of linen and wool served for better garments. The magistrate, the deputy, and such as were distin- guished by comparative rank or wealth, had richer and gayer cloth- ing." The good people of the Colony were a so- ber-minded folk, and life was a serious mat- ter. They married early; the records speak of one "antient maid" who had reached the age of twenty-five. In addition to a highly developed con- science, they were troubled with many super- stitions, as were most people of that age. "Comets created alarm. Eclipses were regarded as portentous. Houses were invaded and dis- turbed by Satan's imps. Diabolical enchant- ments and Indian sorceries were apprehended. Lights in the burying ground and on the marsh- es were frightful. Spinning wheels, sleds and weather vanes were bewitched, etc. etc. Dancing, cards, bowls, shuffleboards and play acting were prohibited. Musical instru- ments other than fife, trumpet and jewsharp were not sanctioned. But there was a bright side, too. There were house raisings, corn huskings, quilting parties, apple-bees, sheep shearings, maple sugar makings, picnics, sleigh-rides and hila- rious assemblies at weddings and parties. Ath- lethic sports were popular, and there were election days, thanksgiving days, training days, and the "nigger election," when a negro was chosen to hold sway over his colored brethren, to look forward to. The life, however, was that of the pioneer. To the fact that its duties were discharged aright, our country today owes a debt of grat- itude larger than possibly we realize. 1847 — THEN- -THE SILVER STANDARD- -now — 1907 Charter Oak (Continued from page 3) official records and on that copy of the char- ter itself. And as some of these early copies bear internal evidence of having been written soon after the charter was granted it follows that the charter first sealed must have been the one sent over by Winthrop in 1 662 and "preserved" by Wadsworth in 1687. This copy seems to have remained in possession of the Wyllys family for many years; perhaps from 1715 when Wadsworth received the grant for "safely keeping" it, and when he probably surrendered it to the colonial authorities, until it was a second time rescued and preserved about 1817. At that time a young man named John Boyd was boarding in the family of Rev. Abel Flint, of Hartford. Coming in one day he noted some old parchment on the stand of Mrs. Bissel, Dr. Flint's mother-in- law, from which (so says tradition) she had been cutting pieces to line a bonnet. Mrs. Bissel told him that the parchment had been given her by Mrs. Wyllys. He asked for and received the remainder of the parchment, which he later discovered to be the Connecti- cut charter. Mr. Wyllys, his father and grandfather had been secretaries of the Col- ony and state continuously from I 71 2 to 1809. What remains of this charter, together with the box in which it was brought from Eng- land, is now exhibited in the rooms of the Connecticut Historical Society. The second charter, the one left by Win- throp in England, is now exhibited in the Connecticut State Library. Except for the loss of the seal, it is complete and perfect. The Historical Society also possesses some fragments broken from the seal of one of the Connecticut charters. They are of a wax of a dark green color, this color signifying that the document to which it was attached was a grant without limitation of time, but one that might be considered as perpetual — and so, through Wadsworth's bravery, it has proved to be. In the official record made in 1715, Wads- worth is spoken of as having secured "the duplicate charter." This use of the word "duplicate" has caused much confusion and misunderstanding, because it has usually been assumed to have been applied to a particular one of the two copies issued. Such assump- tion is incorrect. The word was used then exactly as we would today use the word "other" — referring to the copy not then at hand or under discussion. And it may be and is so used in reference to both copies of the charter. The old oak in which the charter was hid- den stood until the night of August 2 1 st, 1856, when it was struck by a gale of wind, and was broken off about six feet from the base. All day long the people of Hartford made pilgrimages to the hill where the historic tree had stood, and to the memory of this in- animate guardian of the people's rights was paid a degree of honor equal to that which would have been bestowed upon a statesman dying in the discharge of his duties. Two flags were draped around the stump, and at noon the band from the Colt Armory played the "Dead March in Saul," "Home, Sweet Home," and "Hail, Columbia." At sun- down the bells all over the city were tolled. CHARTER OAK PATTERN DESIGN PRODUCED ON 60TH ANNIVERSARY OF "1847 ROGERS BROS." It is appropiate that the new pattern in the "1847 Rogers Bros." brand of Silver plated ware should be given the name, ''Charter Oak." The brand originated in Hartford, the home of the famous tree, in 1847 — sixty years ago. The "Charter Oak," therefore, besides bringing to mind a remarkable episode in our history, by association of ideas recalls the fact that it was in Hartford that the silver plating industry and the making of the "1847 Rogers Bros." brand had their joint beginning, sixty years ago. Whether anniversaries are occasions for re- joicing or repining depends largely on how one's time has been spent. A glance back over these sixty years pos- sibly may show some mistakes in policy and conduct of the business — it would be strange if it were not so — but, on the whole, it brings a pretty decided feeling of satisfaction. Anniver- saries in this case are occasions for rejoicing. Increasing business from year to year shows that "1847 Rogers Bros." goods not only have maintained their popularity but actually have caused it to increase in a wonderful degree. ATTEMPTS AT IMITATION. The electro- silver plating industry and the "1847 Rogers Bros." brand were born to- gether, when Rogers Bros, in 1 847 perfected the electro-silver plating process. How important this fact is may be realized Thus passed the historic tree, "800 years old, they say." Its trunk and branches were made into canes and many other articles of use and ornament, while a scion is today growing in Bushnell Park. Mark Twain, the humorist, avers that the bridge over the Connecticut river at Hartford " is built en- tirely of Charter Oak." When Rev. Thomas Hooker and his com- panions purchased the site at Hartford from the Suckiag Indians, the latter had asked that this old oak be spared, explaining that, in addition to being a landmark, it was a peace-tree of the tribe. In complying with this request of the sav- age chief, the pioneer preacher and his hardy flock little dreamed what an important part the tree was to play in the history of the Col- ony then unfounded and the mighty nation then undreamed of. Of the Connecticut charter a writer in the North American says: " ll is remarkable that, although it was granted at a period of the world when the rights of the people were little understood and little regarded, and by a sovereign who governed England with a more arbitrary sway than any of his successors, the form of government es- tablished by this charter was of a more popular descrip- tion, and placed all power within the more immediate reach of all the people than the constitution for which it has been deliberately exchanged, in these modern days of popular jealousy and republican freedom," The facts included in this sketch were drawn largely from the chapter entitled "Hart- ford, the Keeper of Connecticut's Charter," by W. DeLoss Love, in "Hartford in History," edited by Mr. Willis L. Twitchell, also of Hartford. This work also furnished much of the material used in the sketch of Hartford on pages 4 and 5. in some degree when one notes the attempts made in recent years by makers of new brands of silver plated ware to incorporate a date — however arbitrary — in their trade- marks, or to refer in their literature to the antiquity of their brands. As a matter of fact, ten years ago there was not in use a trade-mark, outside of those we own, which is being advertised by makers of silver plated flatware to-day. DID NOT EXIST. Nor were these makers merely slow in real- izing the value of a recognized trade- mark and an established reputation, for the truth is that ten years ago they were not making silver plated ware at all or, if they were, it was of the kind that it would have been hardly wise to stamp with the maker's trade-mark or name. To-day, therefore, they can not actually lay claim to long existence and well established reputation on silver plated ware, but by the juggling of dates and skillfully inexact referen- ces they seek to impress the trade and public with the fact that their goods are the result of years of experience. METHODS COPIED. Another source of satisfaction is the knowl- edge that the selling and advertising policy inaugurated by us has been successful. Even had we no other substantial proof of this, it would be indicated fairly well by the faith- fulness with which our methods and suggestions are imitated and by the smug complacency with which attention is called to them by those who have adopted them. But years before many of the concerns now making these claims were even in existence, " 1 847 Rogers Bros." ware was being syste- matically advertised. A short time ago Leslie's Weekly, referring to old-time national adver- tisers still in business, mentioned the Meriden Britannia Company, the makers of "1847 Rogers Bros." ware, as a concern whose an- nouncements were often seen shortly after the war, and for a fact during the last twenty- five years, the "1847 Rogers Bros." ware has been advertised extensively and persistently. WHY IMITATIONS ARE INEFFECTIVE. Our "follow-up" system and our policy of co-operation with and aid to the retailer also have been imitated to a greater or less extent, although never withthe thoroughness and whole- heartedness that make them effective (and which are impossible of realization except when backed by abundant resources) — the result in the case of the makers of "1847 Rogers Bros." ware of long years of successful energy. WHAT IT MEANS TO THE DEALER. Of itself the fact that "1847 Rogers Bros." is the original brand may not be of great in- terest to the dealer. Neither may he care par- ticularly whether "1847 Rogers Bros." goods and methods are imitated by other makers. But the fact that these things spell success for "1847 Rogers Bros, is of vital importance to him. Aside from the actual value of the ware, it is the buying public's thorough acquaintance with the goods and complete trust in the trade- mark that make "1847 Rogers Bros." silver plate — as a dealer once expressed it — "As Staple as Wheat." Years of use have conclusively proved these goods to be "Silver Plate that Wears." The Charter Oak pattern, as will be seen by the illustration, possesses an unusual degree of character. The oak leaf and acorn are combined in a graceful design that lends itself readily to the somewhat unusual finish — a combination of Bright and French Grey. Even thus early it is evident that the Charter Oak is to be one of the most popular patterns. We make a full line. We should advise that orders be placed early in order to avoid delay. Supplied to Retailers by all Leading Jobbers. THE SILVER STANDARD, AUGUST, 1847. The SilucrJStandarri Established in 1847 BY Rogers Bros. AUGUST, 1847. SILENT WHEELS TIRES OF INDIA RUB- BER ARE USED. GREAT LANTERN ABOVE DOME OF THE CAPITOL. A lantern has been raised 7 5 feet above the dome of the Capitol at Washington, tolightthe building and public grounds. It will cost about $17,000. The diameter of the lantern is 6 feet; body and chamber 6 feet high; base of dome 5 feet 6 inches; dome and upper work to the ball 9 feet ; arrow of vane 6 feet 6 inches; globe on top of the vane I 5 inches di- About six years ago appeared in the N. Y. Mechanic" a proposi- tion for the introduction, and a description of a mode of construction of ameter; totalheightover carriage wheels, which ^".i^f'' should run silendy over When the glass is the paved streets of the Placed in the antern city, but no person here the weight of the lantern appeared to regard it. | and fixings will be near We are now informed 800 pounds. I he mast by English papers that , will be about 3500 and some of the carriage the upper braces 2000 makers in London have pounds. I his lantern adopted the plan then will be a lighthouse to recommended, and that 01f( i ' ' 4-99°cn° ered asleep, the deacon amount last year and $43.96; Polk, $145.- off, x * *,e : j- l . f ,U' I, ■ i i " I tiu Buffalo so lroy,q>lj.- discharges a stream or this. It is not astonish- oo. , y- -j-, ' , cold water in his face, ing thathismedicinehas lL • T P.eSej i which has, thus far, gained the popularity From the Green Bay by ^,e?n;boat an/d,,rai1' never failed of waking it has attained through- Advocate we learn that t°ad between Albany up the sleeper. Much out the country, for he a man was tarred and %& QO credit is due the gentle- knows how, and is not f?athered androde on a man who planned this afraid, to advertise, a rail for marrying, four ingenious device. lesson some others might days after the death of While the Rev. Mr. learn. his wife, a widow whose Fuller assisted by the A catfish was purchas- husband had been dead Rev. Mr. Buffet, were ed in the Cincinnati A man in Maine ap but a few months. administering the Sac- market, lately, which, plied for two gallons of rament at Stamford, on being opened, was rum for "mechanical It is expected that Ct., they were both found to contain in its purposes." "For what the great Erie Railroad struck by lightning, stomach, a silver thim- mechanical purposes?" will be finished about which came down the ble, a gold ring and a inquired theagent. "For tue autumn of 1848. chimney, and followed counterfeit dime tied up , raising a barn," was There are 3000 men the stove-pipe. Both in a rag. i the reply. engaged upon it. ultimately recovered. The Hartford and New Haven Railroad IMPROVEMENT Company have recent- 1N DAGUERREO- 'v P"1 °n their road two TYPE.— Under this °f the most splendid head, the New Orleans J;ars m the United Times has an articlean- 1 States. 1 he cost of nouncing the discovery ' the two was five thou- of an art by which da- sand dollars. Ihey guerreotypesmay be are furnished beauu- taken in one second of | 'u"y. time. The inventor, however, may be dis- appointed to learn the fact that the same thing was performed by Prof. Morse six years ago, as may appear by an ad- vertisement published in May. 1 84 1 , and which closes with this line, "likenesses are taken in the sunlight in one sec- ond of time." Why the art has not become more extensively known, we are not in- formed. A woman in Brook- lyn, N. Y., eating a bit ofcocoanut, and forget- ting she had a torpedo in her hand, put it into her mouth instead of the During a shower off The man who stole Thecitizensof Prince- ! Five young girls in A Mormon elder has meat. An explosion oc- rain, at Pensacola, a a saw -mill in a neigh- ton have petitioned for ! Willimantic, Conn., baptized about 45 re- curred instanter, lace- young logger-head tur- boring town wouldhave a law prohibiting bill- j were fined $2.67 each cent converts to that rating the tongue badly, tie fell, it is said, on the I escaped, had he not iardsasnecessary topro- for disturbing a Metho- i faithatthe MarineRail- and nearly blew a hole deck of the steamer ! gone back after the wa- tect the morals of the | dist meeting at that ' way, Boston, within a through one cheek. | Poinsett. ter privilege ! college students. I place. i short time. ■Vs BELIEVE it is not in the nature of an American 111 to sit still, or sit straight. They are perpetu- ally either rocking or balancing themselves in their chairs. "Texas and the Gulf of Mexico," by Mrs. Houstoun. LIBRARIES ARE 236 IN THE UNI- TED STATES. According to a table compiled from the re- sources of a literary gentleman inNew York, there are in the United States no less than 236 public libraries. The aggregate num- ber of volumes is set down at 2,354,360. It appears that the state of New York has 54 libraries, with 1 74.000 volumes; Pennsylvania, 32 libraries, with I 76,- 100 volumes: Massa- chusetts 30 libraries, with 203,000 volumes; Ohio 23 libraries, with 68,000 volumes; Mary- land 1 I libraries, with 54,200 volumes; the District of Columbia 9 libraries, with 65,000 volumes, and the other States smaller numbers. Rhode Island, in pro- portion to her popula- tion, has the largest number of volumes cf any state in the Union. A FANNING CHAIR Mr. Chas. Horst of New Orleans has invented, ar.aisnow offering for sale a chair which is higl.ly spoken of as a luxury for warm climates. The improve- ment (patented August /th, 1847) consists of a simple contrivance at- tached to a common recking chair, which with the usual motion of rocking, is made to move a large fan that throws a current of air d.rectly upon the head and face. The luxury of it can be tested in a moment by taking a seat in it foraminuteortwo. The ladies will avail themselves of 1 1 .is labor saving machine. BULL IN N. Y. STREETS. — A bull broke from a drove of cattle, passing down the Bowery, New York, ran through Grand st. as far as Mercer, where he caught a lady on his horns, whom he tossed in the air, and when she fell broke her arm. He ran into another street where he broke the thigh-bone of a lady, and gored a little boy. He than charged upon a shoe-store, and finally ran into a cellar, where he was caught after do- ing a prodigious amount of.' SOLD PAPERS SUNDAY-Among several indictments re- turned to the Municipal Court of Boston for vio- lation of the Sabbath, by keeping shops open, was one against George W. Haywood, for sel- ling newspapers in the streets on Sunday. He plead guilty, and was fined $5 on each count, with costs. Clje gulbrr fetan&ara ESTABLISHED IN 1847 BY ROGERS BROS. Vol. III. No. 5. OCTOBER, L847. Five I J. G. BENNETT GREAT EDITOR SUCCESS OF NEW YORK HERALD. QUALITIES THAT HAVE HADE EDITOR REMARKABLE FIGURE IN JOURNALISM. The life-like portrait Never hesitating at a of Mr. James Gordon new idea until the van- Bennett which we here guard has carried thf present will prove that outposts of the opposit he descended from a party and success i vigorous ancestry. Ev- probable— never cling ery lineament "gives ln8 to arj odand brok- the world assurance of e.n s9uad °< ld-af once a man." But if we they have been beater know anything about ~!' ls original without American newspapers. J*111* fanatic, liberal as we certainly know but not anarchic con nothing about Amer- servative generally bul ican heraldry. Mr. Ben- nevenrreclaimably des- nett's Herald is the P°.tlc- Its editor seem: nearest model of an to know better than any American newspaper man. the theory of ir which has yet been at- medio tutissimus ibis tained. or tne m'ddle of the A road is no ditch." newspaper, we . take to be, in its true „ Ml-, B. is always purpose the exact re- safe- Other paper; flex for the moment of may live upon the pub- the mind and the mood lie breast. Mr. Ben- of the community for nett is wholly indebted whom it is published, for his wealth and pow- If it becomes the per- er to himself and his re- sistent advocate of an sources. He may be idea after that idea has justly considered the ceased to be a matter cf publicist general of the interest to the commu- main body of the dem nity, then it ceases to ocratic party, for the be a newspaper, be- Herald is virtually the comes the muttering organ of that party, and mouthpiece of an indi- more perceptive and vidual or the intrusive more powerful as an or organ of a person or of Ban than any in the a clique. If it vaporize world, about ideas which are It has its errors be- non -existent, then it yond doubt, but corn- sinks back to a Resur- pared with the London rection, or commits it- Times, it is immaculate; self to an abstract the- compared with its co- ory- temporary, theTribune, Now none of these it is white, it is more — faults have been charge- it is genial, erratic like able to the New York a kitten or a widow. Herald; it neither ne- but never malicious and gates what is, denies always graceful. Its events, nor rehabilitates style has the raciness, the ashes of the Resur- freshness and vigor so rection. It cannot, safe- necessary to make pos- Iyasanewspaper.com- sible the reading of the mil itself irrevocably to morning newspaper ed- AMERICANS TOO ANXIOUS COUNTENANCE OF YANKEE SHOWS WORRY. STRANGERS REMARK LINES OF DISCON- TENT THAT ARE EXHIBITED IN OUR FACES. All strangers who ble to living, it would come among us remark demand cur pity, the excessive anxiety There is no necessity lor written in the Ameri- the custom ; but there can countenance. The is a necessity, weakly wide -spread comfort, constituted as men are, the facilities for liveli- that every individual hood, the spontaneous should conform greatly and cheap lands, the to the prevailing habits high price of labor are of his fellows, and the equally observed and expectations of the render it difficult to ac- community in and with count for these lines of which he deals. It is painful thoughtfulness. thus that those who It is not poverty nor ty- deeply feel the essen- ranny, nor over-com- tially demoralizing petition which produces and wretched influences this anxiety; that is of this system are yet clear. It is the concen- doomed to be victims of [ration of the faculties it. upon the object, which We call our country in its very nature is un- a happy country ; hap- attainable — the perpet- py. indeed, in being the ual improvement of the home of noble political outward condition, institutions, the abode aj to personalities, se- these presses will be nine per minute with There are no bounch of freedom ; and very' vere as Timon upon in- able to throw off 30,- four folds; and twenty- i among us to the restless (ar frcm being happy dividuals, no organ ha; 000 copies per hour, six per minute with five i desire to be better off; in possessing a cheerful, ever adhered so con- Their cost will be twen- folds. He was able tc | and that is the ambition light-hearted, and joy - sistently and with such ty thousand dollars, keep pace with the presr I of all classes of society, ous people. far-seeing wisdom to the The circulation cf the which worked off from Those unaccustomed, It is rare to see a for- great elemental princi- Sun is more than 50,- 1 ,000 to 1 ,200 papers by reading or travel, to eigner without some pies of democracy. 000, and heretofore per hour. If Mr. Bennett is re- they have been unable markable for any one to supply copies as early VALUE OF point of greatness, as an as required, but with NEWSPAPERS editor, more than anoth- then •improved presses. The Philadelphia U er. it is for the aptitude , the first in New York. S Gazette recendy sold with which he can at- they will effect a com- for $45000, one half tack an individual and plete revolution in news- Gf the Boston Atlas ha- mamtain the identical paper printing principles of the indi vidual whom h tacks. other states of society taste for amusement, are probably not aw are some power of relaxing how very peculiar our his m;nd, some interest manner of life here is. in the arts, or in litera- The laboriousness of ture. This is true even Americans is beyond all of the less privileged comparison, should we classes. It is rare, on except the starving op- the contrarv, to find a been purchased at actives of the English virtuous American past cost of $35 000 the ractones. And when middle lire, who does at- FOLDING OF Boston Dailv Adver ! we consider that here, not regard amusements NEWSPAPERS- ri^r is valued ar$90- to the labor of the body of all sorts as childish or The rapidity with 000 — $40 000 has|ls added the greataddi- immoral. MAMMOTH which newspapers are been refused for one tlonal \^r of men,al - V*" U,s ^ l?ss *?"!" PRINTING PRESS folded by lads in the half of it ; one third of responsibility and am- hed and rr.o.e cordial; ES— Messrs. Hoe & Co., are making two huge Printing Presses for the New York Sun. The types are placed upon a cylinder 4 feet large establishments of the New York Courier bm°j- ", ls not to ** less sanctimonious and our cities is a matter cf was sold a few month. wondered at that as a more unselfish; less wonder to those not ini- since for $38,000, and race; Pe commercial thnvingand more cheer tiated in the mysteries one quarter cf the New population is dwindling ful; less toilsome and of newspaper life. This York Tribune for $25 - |n size, and emaciated mere social, astonishing speed is at- 000. and we presume !n helal,h so.tha! P*"0' , NX e want; as a f*0- in^diamete'r'Tnd' The ,ained by a spirit of that a share in the New ls. '.he natIODal com- P'e, a rounder charac- what is passing away, itorial, and may be inking apparatus is of a ' competition and theam- York Sun could not be plf,xl?n\ , *.r- , LJur humanity is nor anticipate what is considered a hybrid be- novel d-scription All ' bition to excel amon8 purchased at any price. . lr thisdevotiontobus- pinched; our tastes are inevitable. A news- tween attic wit and the motion is rotary. I the boys. >ness were indispensi- not generous. paper should have slang- whanging. ' and it is calculated that | As a specimen cf the News of the death brains enough to know Take it on any sub- ■ in the saving of friction, I speed of these youthful of Hon. Alexander H. Great quantities of The Sault St. Marie when it is time to fol- ject and it is always|and wear and tear by folders, the Boston Everett, coTimissioner copper ore continue to Ship Canal is to be low a new idea — to prepared; and decid- such means, the great1 Journal mentions the of the Unitfd States at arrive at Pittsburg from 4.500 feet in length know when public edlyna paper can jump amount of from five to fact that a lad employed Canton, China, arrived Lake Superior. Two and sixty feet in width, opinion is prepared to frcm one subject to the twenty thousand dol- in that office, folds pa- October 20th. Hedied masses weighing 3, 100 and when completed it discard the old — and very opposite with so! lars expense per annum persattherate of thirty- June 28th at the house lbs. were lately melted will make the entire such capacity has the much alacrity or more! will be avo:ded. five per minute with of Dr. Peter Parker, with only a loss of 2 chain of lakes naviga- Herald. grace. Contemptuous! It i; calculated that three folds; twenty- the great missionary. percent. ble. NX e are indebted to American Review. Gleason's Pictorial, Scientific American and others of the "1847" period for material in this Meriden, Conn.. October, 1907 MER1DEN BRITANNIA CO. International Silver Co.. 5 1847 — THEN THE SILVER STANDARD- now— 1907 GROWTH -A COMPARISON METAMORPHOSIS OF MADISON SQUARE, NEW YORK, LIKE PROGRESS MADE IN "J 847 ROGERS BROS/' BUSINESS. MADISON COTTAGE.-This^ beau- tiful place of resort, opposite Madison Square, corner of Twenty-third street and Broadway, is open for the season, and Palmer's omni- buses drive to the door. It is one of the most agreeable spots for an afternoon's lounge in the suburbs of our city. Go and see. — New York Herald, May 9th, 1847. "On Fifth avenue between Twenty-third and Twenty-fourth streets, fac- ing Madison Square, a tract of land a little over an acre in area has just been sold for $7,250,- 000. The old Fifth Avenue Hotel, which occupies this plot of ground, is to be torn down and a colossal office building is to take its place." Perhaps no better contrast be- tween the New York of 1847 and 1907 is possible. The Mad- ison Cottage announcement was printed in 1847; the reference to the Fifth Avenue Hotel ap- peared in the New York World a short time ago. The Fifth Avenue Hotel to-day occupies the site of the Madison Cottage, which sixty years ago was a road-house in the suburbs of the city. The hotel is to be torn down, so it is clear that, as the World goes on to point out, the $7,250,000 paid for the property was paid for the land alone. The difference between its value at present and sixty years ago is practically the differ- ence between $7,250,000 and $2,000, accord- ing to the World. The present day New Yorker may smile when he reads that a lady who, half a cen- tury ago, devoted a day to visiting Madison Square, "was so fa- tigued by the jaunt that she was sick for a week in consequence. ' The smaller of the illustrations on this page shows the MadisonCot- tage in 1847. The low- er cut is from a photo- graph of the Fifth Ave- nue Hotel taken spec- ially for this issue of The Standard. The contrast of course will be all the greater when the pres- ent structure has been replaced by the pro- posed gigantic office building. But the metamor- phosis of Madison Square is hardly more noteworthy than the growth since 1847 of the "1847 Rogers Bros." silver plate business. Starting practically at zero, sales have reached a point where it is hardly possible to realize how humble was the beginning of it all. Indeed, it is a conservative comparison — that between the growth of Madison Square and the "1847 Rogers Bros." business. Nor has the latter reached the limit either of growth or power of growth. When it is stated that the output of " 1847 Rogers Bros." ware by the end of this year will, it is ex- pected, show an increase of nearly, if not quite, 200 per cent, over that of ten years ago (an increase of about 1 5 per cent, over last year's phenomenal output), we begin to realize that the business must have an extra- ordinary degree of vitality. The chief reason for this growth has been the quality of the goods — "Silver Plate that Wears." Another reason has been the fact that we have been on the alert not only for our own advancement but for that of every dealer handling "1847 Rogers Bros." ware. It has been most emphatically to our ad- vantage to help the dealer whenever, wher- ever and however possible. We grow because the retailer grows. What works to his betterment works to ours, too. "1847 Rogers Bros." prosperity is planted in that rich soil, Quality, but — and this is important to the dealer — it is watered by Co-operation. And co-operation means pros- perity for both dealer and manu- facturer. Let us demonstrate our belief in co-operation. Send for our new catalogue "81 -T" — also circular illustrating free electrotypes for newspaper advertisements, signs, cards, and circulars with your name and address printed thereon. We have prepared a little illustrated circular touching on these various ways in which we co-operate dealer. We shall be glad to send it to any one interested enough to write for it. This is the age of the trade- mark. We used to buy crackers by the pound, now we buy them by the box. More and more the goods with a name are coming to the front. This state of affairs is due to a number of reasons. One is that people are more par- ticular than once they were, as to what they put on their backs or in their mouths or have about them. Realizing this, producers guaran- tee the quality of their goods and stamp them with their trade-marks. But a trade-mark does not take the place of quality in the goods themselves. Indeed, in time, it stamps the poor goods as poor, just as, when the goods do pos- sess quality, it stamps them as good. A brand of goods that has been known for sixty years and during the sixtieth increases its sales 200 per cent, over those of ten years ago and 1 5 per cent, over those of last year has only one reason to give — quality. Recognition is not enough. It must be re- cognition as the best. In a case like this the trade- matk is an absolute guarantee of quality, and for many years has been recognized as such by the buying public. X "ffrXfVijKl 18 47 ROGERS BROS ^ The latest pattern in "1847 Rogers Bros.", the Charter Oak, is here suggested, to- gether with two other recent patterns, the Priscilla and the Vintage. The Priscilla is burnished, the Vintage is in French Gray, while the Charter Oak combines the two finishes, the shield on the handle and the bowls and tines being bright, the remainder gray. Supplied to Progressive Retailers by Leading Jobbers. 1847 — THEN- -THE SILVER STANDARD now— 1907 trad.- "1847 Rogers Bros."— mark wonderfully in our attempts to understand the <_. -j. ~ - - conditions of that country or period. There ulhr s>tiwr s>ianuaru w,err \-5l\ n™s^7 an« perin-dicnls lVhe T United states in 1(54/. Kowell s Directory for 1906 reported 21,191. then— 1s47 — and — 1907— now. Established in 1847 by Rogers Bros. issued BY Meriden Britannia Co.,Meriden,Ct. (International Silver <'".. S Vol. Ill— No. 5. OCTOBER, 1907. 5 Cents. WHAT DO YOU THINK? In glancing over the pages of The Standard did it ever occur to you to wonder what changes a page headed "1907 — Then and Now — 1967" might reveal? Sixty years from now will they be contrasting our present skyscrapers with cloud- capped steel mountains and smiling at what we are pleased to term "progress," and "gigantic enter- prises"? The changes, whatever they may be, probably will be in conditions rather than in characteristics. We talk about the "strenuous life" as if it were a thing of today. But were conditions essentially different half a century and more ago? The article on our first page headed "AmericansTooAnxious" would indicate otherwise. Indeed, when we stop to think about it, it appears to us that the American of 1907 in many ways is less strenuous than was his grandfather. We have golf and automobiles and though we may pursue our pleas- ures at almost as fast a clip as we do our business, at least we do de- vote a good deal of time to re- creation. Did the good people of 1847 take their noses away from the grindstone so often or for so long at a time? What say you whose minds go back to th.it period? Let us hear from you We have received from time to time a number of very pleasant letters from Standard readers whose memories of people or conditions have been aroused by various articles in these columns. We should like to hear again. We like to know what our friends think of us; we like to receive criticism, — or, at least, we believe we should like it — we welcome suggestions. In this number we are acting on a very kindly sugge:tion contained in a letter from Mr. W. P. McFarland, of Orange, Texas. Now, regarding this question of the com- parative strenuousness of 1847 and 1907. If you have an idea on the subject — and a good many must have — write to us. The discussion should make mighty interesting reading and may develop some really valuable pointers as to conditions in the daily life of each one of us. We have devoted a good deal of space in this issue to the newspapers of 1847. If any one is inclined to believe that too much at- tention has been paid to one subject, we have only this defence to put up, that a knowledge of the press of any country or period helps The holiday season is approaching. In our extensive general advertising — an example of which we reproduce on pa^es 6 and 7 — we urge early buying. The dealer should be prepared. Send for our new Catalogue, "81-T," showing the "Charter Oak" and "Priscilla" as well as the older patterns. We have all heard of and some of us no doubt have seen the famous Siamese Twins, but it is safe to say that to most of us of the present generation the double-family portrait on page 8 will be new. NEW ORLEANS HORSE CAR. The New Orleans horse car on this page was described as follows in Gleason's Pic- torial : "The accompanying engraving is from a drawing made for us at New Orleans, by Mr. Bellew, and represents the horse car in use upon the city railroad. It is unlike any employed at the north, and will doubtless prove interesting to our readers, now that the introduction of horse railroads here is a settled thing. It will be seen that it is intended for accommodation of both outside and inside passengers; the entrance of the latter being at the extremities, as in the New York horse and common steam car; while the upper deck passengers, as they may be termed, mount to their lofty station by a flight of steps, accessi- ble from two sides. It is evident that with no greater area than that of a common car, a much larger number of passengers can be ac- commodated and in fine weather the roof seats must be quite pleasant." Except for the motive power, this strange looking double-decker is not unlike the auto- mobile stages introduced within the past few months on Fifth Avenue, New York City. Perhaps sixty years hence the latter will be viewed as curiosities. Who knows ? NEW ORLEANS CRESCENT CITY IN THE YEAR 1847 WAS GREAT COM- MERCIAL CENTER. "Somebody has called New Orleans 'the boarding house of the United States." Certes, its every tenth house has furnished rooms or appliances for travelling appetites." So wrote the author of an interesting little book, "The Manhattaner in New Orleans" in the year 1847. The Crescent City, sixty years ago, boasted 1 30,000 inhabitants and its position in the commercial world was unique. At the time of the purchase of Louis- iana from France in 1803 the population was hardly more than 8,000. But in 1804 New Orleans was made a port of entry and de- livery and the following year it re- ceived a city charter. On January 10th, 1812, the first steamboat arrived from Pittsburg, having de- scended in 259 hours. The growth of the city from that time was both substantial and rapid. "The position of New Orleans as a vast commercial emporium," said Hunt's Merchants' Magazine, "is unrivalled, as will be seen by a single glance at the map of the United States. As the depot of the West, and the half-way house of the foreign trade, it is almost impossible to anticipate its future magnitude." "Fine commercial advantages!" to quote the Manhattaner again, "so everybody thinks. And everybody in that opinion is right. The strongest backward endeavor of black destiny could not retard the prosperity of New Orleans. Nature had her eye on the outlet of the Mis- sissippi long before she invited her sister Art to form a copartnership in the way of com- pleting a grand commercial emporium. The waters of a score of mighty rivers mingle with the waves that dash the Levee and float down treasures of produce and wealth increasing every year. New Orleans is the market for the product of three climates. "New Orleans is decidedly entitled to be called the Calcutta of America. Thwarted enterprise, baffled endeavor, youthful hope, desperate plannings, all emigrate to its pre- cincts to battle with fate, or to court fortune; to amass wealth, and if living after the 'gold hunt is over,' to return home to spend it. "'Work, work, work,' is the unceasing cry. A man of leisure is a wonder. On 'change; on street corner; at the dinner-table; between the acts at opera and theatre ; in the draw- ing-room ; at the ball or soiree; in the sleep- ing apartments; stocks, cotton, sugar and money are the liveliest topics." Religion, or the Manhattaner's idea of re- ligion, he declares to be "rather at a discount," but perhaps we may take that statement with 1847— THEN- TIIK SILVEE STANDARD now— 11107 the proverbial grain of salt, for he immediately goes on to pay the following tribute to the "public morality" of the city which he found to be "more pure in its character than in any other American city": "If Boston, or Philadelphia, could show upon their police books the small number of crimes committed and complaints presented, which appear in the statistics of the Crescent City municipalities, they would be very para- dises. Burglars and pickpockets, when pa- raded before His Honor of the Criminal Court, are looked upon as for a show by the gaping crowds. The genus loafer is almost unknown in the natural history of New Or- leans; and cigar smoking juvenile-pittites, fire- rowdies.and brave insulters of wom- en, are only heard of now and then. Certainly a note- worthy condition of affairs; not due to the homogen- eous character of thepopulation.for "if there is ever to be a Congress of nations, let it be held in New Orleans; there will be no mileage for delegates. ' The "foreign popula- tion'question was only beginning to assume import- ance in most sec- tions of our coun- try in 1847, but New Orleans was the exception for it was at that time made up in nearly equal proportions of Americans, French, Creoles and Spaniards, together with a large portion of Germans and a good sprinkling from almost every other nation upon the globe. "During 1844, there were more buildings erected than any previous year — notwithstand- ing which tenements are in great demand and rents continue high. It will not be a matter of surprise, if the number of inhabitants at the next census, 1850, should be over 160,000." The census of 1840 showed New Orleans to be the fourth city in the Union, its popu- lation being exceeded only by New York, Philadelphia, and Baltimore. In 1847, '48, and '49 yellow fever reduced the number of inhabitants, eight per cent of the people dying before the epidemic finally abated. "During the business season, which con- tinues from the first of November to July, the levee, for an extent of five miles, is crowded with vessels of all sizes, but more especially ships, from every part of the world — with hundreds of immense floating castles and pal- aces, called steamboats, and barges and flat boats innumerable. "The levee and piers that range along the whole length of the city, extending back on an average of some two hundred feet, are con- tinually covered with moving merchandise. This was once a pleasant promenade, where the citizen enjoyed his delightful morning and evening walk; but now there is scarcely room, amd hogsheads, bales, and boxes, for the business man to crowd along, without a sharp look out for his personal safety. "The houses are chiefly constructed with bricks, except a few ancient and dilapidated dwellings in the heart of the city, and some new ones in the outskirts. Wooden buildings are not permitted to be built, under present regulations, within what are denominated the fire limits. The modern structures particularly in the second municipality, are generally three or four stories high, and are embellished with handsome and substantial granite or marble fronts. The public buildings are numerous, and many of them will vie with any of the kind in our cities. "The view of New Orleans from the river, in ascending or descending is beautiful and imposing — seen from the dome of the St. Charles Exchange, it presents a panorama at once magnificent and surprising. In taking a lounge through the lower part of the city, the stranger finds a difficulty in believing himself to be in an Ameiican city. The older build- ings are of ancient and foreign construction, and the manners, customs and language are various. "The Water- works constantly supply the people with water forced from the Mississippi, by the agency of steam, into a reservoir, whence by pipes it is sent all over the city. This water is wholesome and palatable. "Gas was introduced in New Orleans, through the enterprise of James H. Caldwell, Esq., in 1834, he having lighted his theatre with it several years pre- vious. The dense part of the city is now lighted by it; and the hotels, stores, shops, and many dwelling- houses within reach have availed themselves of the advantages it of- fers. "In the sum- mer of 1844, afire destroyed about seven blocks of buildings between Common and Ca- nal streets, near the Charity Hos- pital. The ground has since been oc cupied with much better buildings, and presents a very improved appearance." Exports of cotton from New Orleans in 1846-7, amounted to 724,508 bales. According to the census of 1840, there were eight commercial and 375 commission houses in foreign trade, with a capital of $ 16,490,000; 1,881 retail stores, with a capital of $1 1,018,- 225. The total capital employed in manu- factures was $1,774,200. There were two colleges, with 105 students; ten academies, with 440 students; twenty- five schools, with 975 scholars. The view of old New Orleans presented on this page gives an idea of the importance of the city as a commercial center. The modern view gives a glimpse of the great city of today. ARTER OAK HOLLOW HANDLE KNIFE. This Illustration and that on page 7 together occupy double page space in the Holiday Issue of the Delineator, out November 10, and other magazines reaching about 10,000,000 readers. This is in addition to the usual publications — over 500 daily, weekly and monthly — used in our round-the-year advertising campaign in behalf of "1847 ROGERS BROS."' "Silver Plate that Wears." If you handle our ware this is your advertising. The articles here shown are merely suggestive of our line of flat and hol- low ware. The list prices (subject to usual discount to dealers) are given be- low in order to facilitate ordering goods for the holiday trade. No. 2086. Coffee ........ $12. 50 2086. Sugar ........ 9.00 2086. Cream, Gold Lined, . . . . . .7.00 2086. Tea, (to match) . . . . . . .11.50 2086. Spoon Holder, Gold Lined, (to match) . . . 7.00 2086- Set of Five Pieces, (enumerated above) . . . 47.00 2086. Kettle, one Quart, (to match) .... 22.50 2086. Butter Dish, (to match) ..... 11.00 2086. Syrup Cup and Plate, (to match) ■ . . . . 9.50 00363. Waiter, 12 inch, special discount, .... 9.00 234. Baby Plate, Etched, Diameter 8% inch . . . 7.00 *Charter Oak Medium Knives, hollow handle, per doz. 16.00 ^Charter Oak Dessert Knives, " " . 14.00 Berkshire Medium Forks, A-l, . . . 9.50 Berkshire Dessert Forks, A-l, . . 8.50 •(■Charter Oak Medium Ladles . . 48.00 •(•Charter Oak Oyster Ladles . . 39.00 ICharter Oak Baby Spoons . . 7.50 §Priscilla Child's Set, Knife, Fork and Spoon " set 2.00 Oak or Mahogany Chest, (No. 513) chamois or velvet lined, for fifty pieces, with drawer, (price for chest only) 32.00 *One-half dozen in flannel bag. tEach in lined box. § Price includes box and ware complete. Supplied to Retailers by all Leading Jobbers. This double page display (shown in reduced form on this page and page 6) will appear in the Delineator's Holiday Issue, which will be out November 10. This issue will be adver- tised in 500 of the most prominent dailies in the country, special attention being called therein to the magazine's lead- ing advertisements, including [847 ROGERS BROS." "Silver Plate that Wears-" MADE AND GUARANTEED BY Hollow wai Tra.lemar) *** ROGERS BROS This publicity will send buyers to "1847 Rogers Bros." dealers. Below we give the list prices ("subject to usual discount to dealers) on the articles illustrated. But it would be advisable to send for our new catalogue "81-T" illustrating the "Charter Oak," "Priscilla" and other flatware patterns. 1 No. 952. Coffee Set, Engraved, 4 Pieces " 952. Coffee .... " 952. Sugar .... " 952. Cream, Gold Lined " 5Q9y&. Waiter, Engraved, 12 inches " 2085. Tea Set, (to match No. 952 Coffee Set,) 5 pieces " 2085. Coffee .... " 2085. Tea ..... " 2085. Sugar " 2085. Cream, Gold Lined " 2085. Spoon Holder, Gold Lined " 2085. Kettle, 2y2 Pints . . . 527.01) " 2085. Butter Dish ..... 12.50 "2085. Syrup Cup and Plate .... 10.00 " 235. Jewel Box, with Lock and Key . . 25.00 Avon Bird Set, three pieces, in lined box, . per set Vintage Tea Spoons, . . . . " doz. Avon Orange Spoons, Set of six in lined box Vintage Salad Spoons and Forks, in lined box " set Oak or Mahogany Chest (No. 507) chamois or velvet lined, for 84 pieces, compact, (price for chest only) 144.00 14.00 8.00 8.00 14.00 60.00 16.00 15.00 11.00 9.00 9.00 $6.50 4.75 6.00 4.50 30.00 Distributed to the Public by Progressive Dealers. THE SILVER STANDARD, OCTOBER, 1847. TlTC Stlurr§tnntiarct Established IN 1847 BY Rogers Bros. OCTOBER, 1647. SIAMESE TWINS REMARKABLE PAIR AND FAMILIES. On the page here- with we give a large and finely executed pic- ture of Chang and Eng, the famous united Sia- mese twins, who were born in the city of Meklong, in May, 1811. They were brought to this country by the captain of the ship Sachem, arriving j in August, 1829. They' were at once brought before the public for exhibition, and during the twelve ensuing years were visited by millions of people, talc- ing in the course of their travels the United States, Great Britain, France, Holland and Belgium. They are united to- gether by a ligature, or band, about three and a half inches in length and eight in circumfer- ence, formed at the ex- tremity of the breast bone of each and ex- tending downward to the abdorr.er.. The up- per part of the band is a strong cartilaginous substance; the lower part is soft and fleshy, and contains a tube, or cavity, presumed to be about an inch and a half in circumference. The flexibility of thi= cartilage is so great that they can readily turn those shoulders out- wards which are to- gether when standing in a natural position. Having secured a com- petence by exhibiting themselves, they settled in Wilkes County. North Carolina, but af- terwards removed to Mt. Airy, Surry Coun- ty, where they now re- side. Soon after taking up their abode in thi: region, they simultane- ously became smitten with the charms of twc very pretty sisters, named Yates, and each selecting his partner the four were made two with all due ceremony. This double union ha: apparently proved high- ly satistact • ry to all con - cemed. The ladies are \ represented as amiable i and interesting, while n is certain that the twin; are devotedly attached to their wives. At the present time Mr. Eng has six and Mr. Chang five children, all of whom are apt scholars and remarkably well behaved. They are al- so of a very prepossess- SIAMESE TWINS AND THEIR FAMILIES. ing appearance, and are great favorites in the community where they reside. The illustration will give a perfect idea of the appearance of the families, every likeness being copied from da- guerreotypes, taken es- pecially for the purpose. In closing these re- marks of the twins and their families, we would say ihat they seem to be remarkably happy, enjoy good health, have ample means to procure not only the comforts but the luxuries of life, and bid fair, as far as human judgment may go, to live many more years of domestic hap- piness and comfort. They are both natural- ized citizens of our country. A species of cotton worm has made its ap- pearance in some of the Southern States and has done much damage to the cotton crop. STRANGE AF- FAIR — A gentleman sixty years of age, of Plymouth, Mass., was recently so affected by the death of his wife, that he cut off his nose. He is now in Boston for the purpose of hav- ing a new one made to order. This is a fact, and was communicated to the writer by an of- ficer of the Marine corps, who knows all about it. The man who cut the first tree in the wilds of Ohio is still alive. His name is Daniel Cushwell, and he re- sides on a small farm in Oneida county, N. Y., and is eighty-six years of age. The Detroit Free Press has an account of i 31 new flourishing mills in that Stale that will go into operation. Of these nine are in Ma- comb county. FOREIGN NEWS — By the late news by the Hibernia, it appears that failures in England to the amount of $ 1 00,- 000,000 have already- carried dismay to the hearts of all corn ex- porters in America. The failures have swept down some of the old- est corn dealing firms in Britain. Two of the largest literary institutions in London have been broken up and their ex- tensive libraries, muse- ums and collections of philosophical apparatus are to be sold at public auction. We are sor- ry to hear this. A vessel has arrived in London with a cargo of bricks from the Tow- er of Babel, and with other architectural curi- osities for the British Museum. Roger Sherman's plough was exhibited at the late Mechanics' Fair at Boston. WEALTH OF HARVARD-The bequests made to this institution are enor- mous. In the annual report of the overseers of that institution, we notice no less than nine- teen bequests which av- erage more than $20.- 000 each. The avail- able funds of the Col- lege given for specific purposes, the interest of which is only used, ex- ceed six hundred thou- sand dollars! The Law Department has funds exceeding $40,000. And the Theological School more than $80, - 000 ! This opulence is the result of individ- ual liberality of citizens in Massachusetts . FEMALE LA- BOR Not far from $5,000,000 are yearly earned in Massachu- setts by females em- ployed in the various manufactories of straw hats, stocks, &c. About 40,000 are employed. In a Boston paper we find an account of the doings of the meeting of the naturalists there, which says that it has been long known that two rays of light may be so thrown on each other as to produce darkness. Prof. Henry showed that two rays of heat may be so com- bined as to produce cold. RAILROAD IRON -The Philadelphia North American says that there will be sixty thousand tons of rail- road iron manufactured in this country during the present year, which will be equal in quality to any imported iron. The value of this quan- tity at present selling prices, will be upward of four millions of dol- lars. Pennsylvania, alone, furnishes one-half of the pig iron, and more than one-half of the railroad iron made in the United States. I REMARKED that most of the farmers and laborers had pale complexions and a care-worn look. "This was owing partly," said the landlord, "to the climate .... and partly to the ambitious, striving character of the natives." Travels in the United States by Sir Charles Lyell. In a poor-house in Did you ever know Advice to an editor A country editor as- [ The Cincinnati Corn- Alabama is said to be a man too poor to take is like wit to a great serfs that the principles mercial says that a num- one of the ferrymen of a paper, that did not millionaire, or modesty of his party "are as ber of steamboat cap- Washington across the pay a dollar a week in a ballet dancer — a progressive as the etern - tains have pledged Delaware before the for rum and tobacco ? little of it goes a great al rock of Gibraltar." themselves to drink no battle of Trenton. We never did. way. No gainsaying that. more. Good! ANNUAL FAIR 20TH OF AMERICAN INSTITUTE. The twentieth annu- al fair of the American Institute held in New York has been distin- guished for a gTeat vari- ety of new, beautiful and useful inventions. The manufacturing i department is well rep- resented by some splen- did cotton and woolen cloths. The mechani- cal department, on which all the rest de- pend, was never sur- passed or equalled for useful inventions, among which we notice Ha- viland and Tuttle's patent centre vent pres- sure water wheel — a model and a beautiful one. We also notice the fire and burglar a'arm, the invention of Thomlinson and Hop- kins, of Brookfield, Ct. The burglar alarm is a great and most useful invention and it should be put up in every ] house. The chronom- eter of Mr. A. T. Coch- rane, of 288 Green- wich street. New York, with an entire new es- capement constructed by himself is a beautiful and good invention. There were a num- ber of cases of jewelry, such as gold pens, &c. OCEAN STEAM- ERS-New York had more ocean steamers in port this week than ever before in any American harbor at any one time, viz : The Union (French) ; Britannia and Sarah Sands (Eng- land); Guadalquiver (Spanish) ; Massachu- setts, Northerner, Southerner, United States and Iris, the last five being Americans. With the Bremen line steamer Herman, to be launched in a few days, there are ten in all. The United States and Northerner are not in- ferior to any of the trans- atlantic steamers. The U ni on will sail for Cherbourg, France, on the 30th inst., and the Britannia on the 1st. The Herman was launched on Thursday and will at once com- mence her regular trips to Bremen. SINGULAR AC- CIDENT—The Cin- cinnati Signal learns that on the 1 7th, as Mr. Sawyer, a young gentleman of high re- spectability, was riding at a very fast rale to see a female acquaintance at Dearborn county, Indiana, he came up against the Telegraph wires, which cut his throat producing almost instant death. The wires had been lowered for the purpose of mak- ing certain repairs on the line. CJje gulber §>tantiarti ESTABLISHED IN 1847 BY ROGERS BROS. Vol. III. No. 6. DECEMBER, 1847. Five Cents. THE YANKEE AND HIS WAYS DESCRIPTION OF UNIQUE CHARACTER. YANKEE PEDLER KNOWN EVERYWHERE FOR HIS SHREWDNESS AND ABILITY TO DRIVE A BARGAIN. We present to our ; soul engaged in the log- readers herewith a cap- I ging business; a quarter ital likeness of "Yan- , of a year hence you will kee" Silsbee, probably j hear^of him navigating one of the cleverest de hneators of the spe- cies" extant. He has won for himself a high reputation in London, where he is now per- forming. Silsbee is, of course, himself a native-born Yankee, and off the stage he is as much a gentleman in appear- ! bar or in the pulpit, ance and bearing as he Educated for the mini the Ohio. Let a year pass, and you may learn of him in Constanti- nople. Change appears to be written in the face of a Yankee. He is never contented. If he is a bootblack or a clamdig- ger, ten to one that you will find him at the appears green and un couth when presenting his favorite character upon the stage. The picture represents Mr. try, he may be found teaching at some con- spicuous corner. If his father puts him to a hanical trade, hi Silsbee in the character will not be contented of the Yankee plough boy. The best definition of a Yankee we have ever seen is the one at- tributed to "an Eastern lecturer," who said that it would not be a violent stretch of the imagina- tion to believe that a thoughtful Massachu- setts or Connecticut baby, six months old, fits in its mother's lap, eyeing his own cradle, to see if he could not invent a better, or at least to suggest some improvement. We would extend the definition to the whole unless he sets up for him- self in some mercantile business. Today he is one thing and tomorrow another. He will dig gardens, saw wood, teachschool, preach, or even edit a newspaper, if necessary for a sup- port; but he will not be idle. As to that peculiar institution, the "Yankee Pedler,'' we have often thought that these itin- i erant merchants deserve a place in history as the pioneers of civilization; for their rounds are not confined to New Eng- land alone, but extend Yankee nation, which wherever in the mighty we understand is some- territory of the starsand vhat extensive now in the considerable patch in the world now known as Uncle Sam's corn field. You can always tell a Yankee by the jack- knife in his hand or the cigar in hismouth. The Yankees are curious characters. Today [hey are swapping horses, and tomorrow building railroads; this hour in ihe gutter, the next seat- ed in a palace. Their energy knows no bounds. This month you may find a Yank- stripes the hardy settle has hewn a pathway for his wagon. It is by their agency that the rich products, the rare improvements, the choice fancy articlesand fine arts of the east are introduced into the backwoods, before commerce has pene- trated those distant re- gions, and warehouses have risen in the re- claimed wilderness. The Yankee pedler must be a man intimate- ly acquainted with "human nature "; and adapts itself to all ages, both sexes and to all conditions. He must be grave and respectful with theclergyman, in- telligent and polite with the squire, shrewd with the lawyer, jovial with tbe publican, frank and insinuating with the far- mer, and full of flattery and devotion to the girls. What a microcosm is the interior of some of these pedlers' carts! Thimbles, history of the United States, maple sugar, fine-tooth combs, soap, life of Gen'l. Jack- son, jackknives, brace- lets, toothpicks, ear- rings, moral philosophy and glass cement. "Confusion worse con- founded" here meet to- gether in a heteroge- neous mass. Some in- dividuals devote them- selves to a particular ar- ticle; one man is a faith- ful follower of Father Time, and deals only in clocks. Much dreaded is he by many that fear him, distrust him, yet patronize him. Another is absent in the "field": a present of an ounce of snuff wins the heart of the "old lady." The tin pedler, who barters his wares for rags in lieu of money, is a man in very bad repute among housewives: and yet somehow or other he contrives to do a thriving business. "The horrid tin pedler, "as he is called, rarely calls at a house without effect- ing hisobject; andmany a lovely housewife s sideboard would look grim and dismal were it not replenished and rendered glittering by the visits of the tin ped- We are inclined to think that pedlers, as a class, have been unjust- ly condemned by the community. The tricks of a few individuals have been charged on the entire class, where- as the truth probably is that there is no more unfair dealing among BIG WAR DEBT CONFRONTS US PRESIDENT POLK'S PLEDGE IS BROKEN. A LOAN OF $18,500,000 WILL BE RE- QUIRED FOR BALANCE OF THE FISCAL YEAR. On the first day of 1 848. But in the mes- July, 1846, there was sage of the present a balance unappropn- month, the President ated in the treasury of tells us that, in order the United States of " to meet the expendi- $9, 1 26,439, asisstated tures for the remainder in the Message to Con- j of the present year" — gress of President Polk, (meaning the fiscal year of 8th. December 1846. ) to terminate on 30th The receipts into the June next!) — "and fcr Treasury for the year ' the next fiscal year to ending30th. June, 1 846 , end on30th June, 1 849, were$29, 499,247. and a further loan in aid of for the same period the j the ordinary revenue same expenditures were | for the government will $28,03 1,1 14, leaving j be needed. Retaining a balance of $1 ,468, -! a sufficient surplus in the 133, which, added to | Treasury, the loan re- the balancein theTreas- i quired for the remainder ury on 1st July, 1845, , of the present fiscal year $7,358,306, makesthe | will be about eighteen above aggregate of $9,- 1 millions five hundred 126,439. : thousand dollars!" The amountof public j After the quasipledge debt, including Treas- that no more would ury notes, which, ac- j be wanted beyond the cording to the same | avails of the twenty- message, was outstand ! three million loan till ing on 1st December ,[ after June, 1848, this 1846, was $24,256,- was certainly unexpec- 494. Of that amount I ted ; and yet the Presi- there was outstanding [dent announces it cool- on 4th March, 1845, |ly, and as a matter of when the present ad- 1 course, and as though ministration came into I there had been no dis- - power, $1 7,788,799. ' appointment of just ex- the pedlers than among The President's last ' pectation, or forfeiture any other class of trades-! message states the whole I of voluntary pledges men Many flourishing ; amount of the public dealers have com- menced life in the hum ble character of pedlers 1 Shrewd, calculating, cunningand overreach- ing as he is apt to AMERICAN CLOCKS.— It isstated in the Annualof Science and Discoverythat such is theperfection to which the manufacture of clocks has been carried in Connecticut, that time -pieces, warranted be, yet the pedler is not I to keep good reck debt, including Treas ury notes, on 1st De- cember, 1847, at $45,- 659,659; from which deducting the amount outstanding on 4th But not only were the proceeds of the twenty- three million loan almost all swallowed up in the past year, but the whole ordinary income, ex- ceeding twenty -six mil- housewife. His life islonedollaratretail. Thej was estimated by the not a life of ease — he is Works are all of brass. President and the Sec- subject to many vicis- made by machinery. | retary of the Treasury situdes; and to bear up At the manufactory of that the amount thus to under all, he must be , Mr. Jerome, of New i be added to the revenue a resolute and enter- Haven, eight hundred J of the Treasury would prisingmanof character; of these articles can be I "be sufficient to cover deals in confectionery; for if he deals dishonest- producedinasingleday. the necessary expendi- he is a favonte with the ly, he will very soon Wooden clocks, but lures, both for the war girls, with whom he run out his routes, and comparatively few years and all other purposes,' on the waters of the I his manners must be of ' drives sharp bargains come to the end of his i since, sold for from ten I up to the expiration of Penobscot heart and j that flexible kind which while the "old man" chain. i to twelve dollars. 1 the fiscal year, in June, March, 1845, we shall lions of dollars, andnear- have for addition to the ; ly the whole nine mil- debt up to that time un- lions of unappropriated der Mr. Polk's admin- j funds in the treasury on islration, the sum of Istjuly, I846,wereex- $27,870,859. hausted. When the loan of | So that, instead of .„,. twenty-three millions of having enough as wai without his good quali- are sold for sixty cents, dollars was authorized, promised — or at least ties and benefits to the at wholesale, and_for ■ 8th January, 1847, it I held out as probable — from former loans and the ordi nary revenue, for "the war and all other purposes." cp to 30th June, 1848, we find here a deficiency anticipated of near six- teen millions! The corn crop of this year is estimated at 600,000,000 bushels. We are indebted to Boston Almanac, American Review, Gleason's Pictorial and others of the "1847" period (or material in this issue. Meriden, Conn., December, 1907— MERIDEN BRITANNIA CO.— International Silver Co., Successor. 1847— THEN THE SILVER STANDARD now — HI07 trade — "is47 Rogers Bros." — wrk then— 1s47— and— 19(17- now. Established in 1847 by Rogkrs Bros. issued by Meriden Britannia Cu.,Meriden,Ct. (International Silver Cu.. Successor.) Vol. Ill— No. 6. DECEMBER, 1907. 5 Cents. ANOTHER VOLUME. The present number of The Silver Standard completes the third volume of the publication. Barring conflagration, earthquake, pestilence or other catastrophe, February will see the first number of Vol. IV. It is probable that the same general policy that has obtained during the past three years will be followed in 1908. We beg to renr.nd our readers, however, that we shall continue to welcome all suggestions regarding the publication. ceased discounting — whereupon even the mer- chants ran on the bank to take out notes or gold against their deposit credits. The ex- chequer intervened, suspended the Bank Act, and insisted that the Bank go on discounting, though at 8 per cent, regardless of its reserve. This announcement stopped the panic, and the hoarders instantly brought back their notes. In reality, the suspension of the Bank Act accomplished nothing more than the recourse to Clearing House certificates by the New York Associated Banks." THE YANKEE. A few years ago a newspaper article made the statement that the Yankee dialect was a thing of the past. Any one who has sum- mered in the rural districts of New England will smile at so broad a statement. Never- theless we must admit that the Yankee— the uncouth but shrewd fellow as he existed in 1 847 — is comparatively seldom met with to- day. As will be seen by the article on our first page, he was once a person to be reck- oned with. He certainly is frequently found took place from Old to New England, we find the term "I guess" for "I think", or "I suppose", occurring frequently; and if we look farther back, it is met with in the "Miller's Tale" and in the "Monk" of Chaucer: — 'For little heaviness Is right enough for muchel folk, I guess.' "And in Spenser's Faerie Queene' — 'It seemed a second Paradise, I guesse.' "Among the most common singularities of expressions are the following: — 'I should ad- mire to see him' for 'I should like to see him ;' 'I want to know,' and 'Do tell,' both ex- clamations of surprise, answering to our 'Dear me'. These last, however, are rarely heard in society above the middling class. Occasion- ally I was as much puzzled as if I was read- ing Tarn o'Shanter, as, for example, 'out of kittel' means 'out of order.' The word 'sick' is used in New England in the same sense as it was in the time of Shake- speare, or when the liturgy of the Church of England was composed. The word 'ill', which in Great Britain means 'not well', signifies in America 'very ill'." We have endeavored to make The Stand- > ard entertaining, but we have also aimed to make it of value from an historical standpoint, j We believe we have succeeded in transporting to the twentieth century something of the at- mosphere of sixty years ago. At any rate the testimony of many of those who remember conditions and events of 1 847 would seem to indicate that we are justified in that belief. While this page was being written we re- ceived a request from Mr. George S. Godard, state librarian, for a complete file of The Standard to be placed in the State Library of Connecticut. Mr. Godard explained that he wished to have The Standard on file where it might be used for reference by Connecticut historians. This, we believe, was as unique a compliment as was ever received by a pub- lication designed primarily for advertising pur- poses. MONEY HOARDING IN 1847. The year 1847 witnessed a money-hoarding frenzy parallel to that which, at this writing, is troubling us. "A good many people", says the New York Evening Post, " have been asking, the past week, whether any community in the world, except our own, has ever made such an exhibition of itself in the matter of money-hoarding as our own has done. The nearest approach in history, outside of this country's borders, was in the famous London panic of 1847." That panic nearly broke the Bank of Eng- land, which, under the act of 1844, "could not enlarge its note circulation except on gold ; but its gold was already failing it, and to con- tinue discounting merchants' bills was to cause a further loss. For a day or two, the Bank in the ephemeral literature of the early half and middle of the 19th century. No paper went to press, apparently, with- out some anecdote like the following: "A Yankee pedler, with his cart, over- taking another of his clan on the roads, was thus addressed, 'Hallo, what do you carry ?' 'Drugs and medicines,' was the reply. 'Good!' returned the other, 'you may go ahead; I carry gravestones!" The term "Yankee" has been a variable one; for the Englishman it included the whole American nation ; by other sections it was re- stricted to the New Englander, while by the New Englanders who dwelt in populous cen- ters it was still more specifically applied. The English writers of that day, as well as this, were fond of descanting on "Americanisms.' One such observer of sixty years ago comes to the defense of certain peculiarities of speech attributed to us as a people. His remarks are none the less interesting because of the fact that the matter has been discussed more recently. "The frequent use of the words 'sir' and 'ma'm' in the United States, like 'oui, mon- sieur, oui, madame,' in France, for the sake of softening the bald and abrupt 'yes' or 'no', would sound to a Frenchman or Italian more polite; and if the Americans were to con- form to the present English model in such trifles, it might happen that in England itself the fashion may soon change. "There are also some antique provincialisms handed down from the time of the first settlers, which may well deserve to be kept up, al- though they may be subjects of diversion to English tourists. In one of Shirley's plays, written just before the middle of the seven- teenth century, when the largest emigration Harriet Martineau, at a somewhat earlier period, said in her "Society in America", "We are often told that it was a 'dreadful fine day' ; and a girl at an hotel pronounced my trumpet to be 'terrible handy'. In the back of Virginia, these superlative expressions are the most rife. A man who was ex- tremely ill and in agonizing pain sent for a friend to come to him. Before the friend ar- rived, the pain was relieved, but the patient felt much reduced by it. 'How do you find yourself?' inquired the friend. 'Why', re- plied the sick man, 'I'm powerful weak; but cruel easy.'" THE NEW YORK HERALD. In the October number we printed an ar- ticle on the New York Herald. The Herald of 1 847 loomed large in the eyes of its con- temporaries and attacks, eulogies and quotations from that paper abounded in the press of the day. One journal declared that the Herald's motto was as follows: "Take no shin-plasters, all damned rogues who issue them — live temperately — drink mod- erately — eschew temperance societies — take care of the sixpences — never trust a saint — go to bed at ten — rise at six — never buy on credit — fear Cod Almighty — love the beautiful girls — vote against Van Buren — and kick all pol- iticians and parsons to the devil." SKETCH OF THE HUB. Considerable space has been given in this number to the city of Boston. The preparation of the sketch of the "Hub" was a pleasant duty. It is hoped that those who know the city, especially who knew it sixty years ago, will find as much pleasure in the reading. 1847 then— -THE SILVER STANDARD BOSTON IN 1847 -i9o; MANY EVENTS OF IMPORTANCE TRANSPIRED THAT YEAR IN THE GREAT NEW ENGLAND CITY. As Americans we take pride in the growth of such cities as Portland, Ore., which sixty years ago hardly had a place on the map, and San Francisco, known as Yerba Buena in 1847, when it boasted 500 inhabitants. But, in contrast with these places of comparatively modern birth, it is also pleasant to turn to the city of Boston, which in 1847 was rich in history and tradition; staid and settled, per- haps a bit contemptuous, in an indulgent sort of way, of the struggling settlements of the far west. Boston in 1847 had a population of over 114,000. The city had been incorporated twenty-five years. Josiah Quincy, Jr., was its mayor. I he assessor's book showed real estate amounting to $97,764,- 500 and personal estate, $64,595,900. The two views of old and new Boston on pages 2 and 3 show the same locality — Tremont Street. The Park Street Church is prominent in both, while the State House dome may be seen in the distance. In the first view appears the old Granary Burying Ground, with the Tre- mont House on the right. The photograph showing modern Bos- ton was taken specially for The Standard with the purpose of duplicating the old view so far as possible. An English visitor of the time writes thus of the Boston he saw : " I need only say, that, like most strangers, I was much struck with the old and respectable appearance of Boston — its substantial and handsome houses of stone and brick, its well paved and cleanly streets, its busy and orderly population, as well as with the various tokens of literary taste and refinement which met the eye. The merest glance at this city and its thoroughfares, thronged with passengers differing in no respect from those one sees any day in Regent Street or the Strand, would dispel the strange and misty notions entertained in England respect- ing the people of the United States." Most of us probably agree with the desire of the Scottish bard to see ourselves as others see us. If cities are like people in this respect, Boston surely for many years has had the satisfaction of seeing herself reflected in the eyes of others. Perhaps we can give no better idea of the city of 1847 than by quoting somewhat liberally from these visitors' descriptions. First let us see how she sizes up as a com- mercial center, viewed through New York eyes. "Any man who visits this centre of eastern enterprise," declared the New York Journal of Commerce, "will be astonished at its growth. The last three years especially have made it almost to burst with swelling greatness. Such a people, so intelligent, enterprising and in- dustrious, where everybody works, will be rich, and will accomplish everything they undertake. But Boston has been more than successful. Her other plans of improvement have surpassed the expectations of their pro- jectors, in their favorable results. The number of her merchants has immensely increased, while everybody does a much larger business than formerly, especially the dry goods dealers. "He was a respectable jobber a few years ago, who sold $100,000 worth of goods; but now from $300,000 to $500,000 is a com- mon thing. The stores of the dry goods job- bers are built like palaces, with an exuberence of cost, which is almost in bad taste. The renowned peninsula is all built over snug and tight, and thousands of merchants live out of town, conveyed by omnibusses and railroad cars. "Hundred thousand dollar men are plenty now all about, and millionaires are found here and there. The Bostonians attribute their great prosperity to their railroads, especially that to Albany. This road has opened the western trade more fully than they had it be- fore, and has made Boston more accessible to the west, at some seasons of the year, than New York. Boston deserves whatever pros- perity she gains from this noble enterprise. It was not built by her capitalists or her re- tired men. They never do these things. The men in active business, who had less personal interest in it, but more enterprise and public spirit, did it, as they must ever do these things. 1 hey could do it ; for in Boston there is a concentration of the public mind, which brings out and directs its mighty force to great achievements." SirCharlesLyell, em- inent British geologist, found that "the num- ber of persons in Bos- ton who have earned in business, or have in- herited large fortunes, is very great. The Common, a small park, w hich is by no means the only quarter fre- quented by rich citi- zens, is surrounded by houses which might form two fine squares in London, and the average value of which, in the market, might bear a comparison with those in very fash- ionable parts of our metropolis — sums of from £4,000 to £20,- 000 having been paid for them. The greater part of these buildings are the property of the persons who reside in them ; and they are fitted up very elegantly, and often expensively. "Entertainments in a sumptuous style are not rare; but the small number of servants in comparison with those kept in England by persons of corresponding income, and the want of an equipage, impart to their mode of life an appearance of simplicity which is perhaps more the result of necessity than of deference to a republican theory of equality. For to keep servants here for mere show, would not only be thought absurd, but would be a great sacrifice of comfort. "To obtain a few efficient ones at any price, and to put up with many inconveniences rather than part with them — allowing them to con- tinue in service after marriage, is the practice of not a few of the richest people, who often keep no more than four domestics where there would be at least nine in London. In conse- quence of this state of things, the ladies are more independent of being waited on than those of similar fortune in England." Of this matter of few servants the editor of Godey's Lady's Book wrote as follows: "The late census of Boston has developed some curious facts. There is no 'upper ten-thou- 1S47 — THEN- -THE SILVER STANDARD now— 1907 sand' in that city — not if to keep servants be necessary to the distinction. Only three hun- dred and forty families in Boston keep more than two domestics. And but four thousand four hundred and one families keep help at all ; while fifteen thousand, seven hundred and seventy- four families live in household inde- pendence, doing their own work entirely ! "Yet every child in the city has the privi- lege of attending the free schools, and every family in town attends the Lowell Lectures. In the late effort to raise $75,000 for the new Athenaeum, shares were offered and the whole amount obtained with ease — the people who wait on themselves having abundant time to read the books and visit the gallery of painting and statuary. "Of the $125,124 received the past year by the 'American Home Missionary Society', $41,498, or nearly one-third, was from Mass- achusetts— the most of it given by Boston people. They have lately given $20,000 to the Nantucket sufferers. So there is money enough for every purpose of improvement and charity, while in true republican simplicity the city is a model for imitation. Very few private car- riages are kept. To work, walk, or 'ride in an omnibus' are not accounted indications of poverty or vulgarity ; but not to be able to read, write or give a little for benevolent purposes, would be poor and low indeed. "Wealth, then, when united with general intelligence and equal laws, is not a currupter of pub- lic morals. The city of Boston is the richest in the Union, and there will be found the least show and ostentation. Their women are better educated than any other in the world. Does learn- ing disqualify them for domestic managers? Let the census and the general prosperity answer." No doubt the scarcity of ser- = vants had much to do with a difficulty encoun- tered early in his visit by Sir Charles. "As we intended," he wrote, "to pass nearly two months in Boston, we determined to look out for private lodgings, such as might be met with in every large town in England, but which we found it almost impossible to procure here. It does not answer to keep houses, or even suites of apartments to let in a city where house rent is so dear, and well-trained servants so diffi- cult to hire, even at high wages. In this country, moreover, the mass of the people seem to set less value on the privilege of liv- ing in private than we English do. Not only strangers and bachelors, but whole families, reside in boarding-houses, usually kept by a widow who has known better days, and is a good manager, and can teach and discipline servants." Regarding the hotels of Boston, W. Cham- bers, in an interesting work entitled, "Things as They Are in America," speaks in appre- ciative terms. "In Boston, I had the oppor- tunity of seeing for the first time a specimen of that extraordinary hotel system, which forms one of the leading social features of the United States. I lodged at the Revere House, an establishment consisting of several hundred apartments, including a more than usually splendid suite of public drawing-rooms and parlours, and a spacious saloon, in which all the guests take their meals, as at a table- d'hote." Elsewhere he exclaims, "An American hotel is not a house, it is a town ! " Under the caption "Expense of Living" another writer has this to say: "The expense of living in the northern states is, upon the whole, decidedly more reasonable than in England, although the dress, both of men and women, is somewhat dearer. In Boston, also, the rent of houses is very high, but not so in the country. "Traveling is much cheaper, and so are food, newspapers and books. On comparing the average price of bread during the present year with that in England, we find that it is about twenty-five per cent, cheaper, beef and mut- ton ten per cent, cheaper, and the price of poultry extremely moderate. " Why in so old a city as Boston the sup- ply of seamstresses, milliners, and dressmakers BOSTON POLICE. 1847. should be as inadequate to the demand as in some of our newly - founded colonies when most progressive, I leave to political economists to explain. "My wife was desirous of having a dress and bonnet made up in a week, but one mil- liner after another declined to undertake the task. It would be a useful lesson to those who are accustomed to consider themselves as patrons whenever they engage others to do work for them, to learn how in reality, if things are in a healthy state, the obligation is mutual; but to discover that the usual relations of the employer and employed are entirely re- versed, and that the favor is by no means conferred by the purchaser, would try the patience of most travelers. "Friends interceded, but in vain; till, at last, a representation was made to one of these important personages that my wife was about to leave the city on a fixed day, and that be- ing a foreigner, she ought, out of courtesy, to be assisted; an appeal which was successful, and the work was then undertaken and sent home with strict punctuality, neatly made, and every spare scrap of the material honestly re- turned, the charge being about equal to that of the first London dressmakers. "We remarked in some of the country towns of Massachusetts, where the income of the family was very moderate, that the young ladies indulged in extravagant dressing — 40 pounds, for example, being paid for a shawl in one instance. Some of the richer class, who had returned from passing a year or two in Germany and England, had been much struck with the economical habits, in dress and in the luxuries of the table, of persons in easy circum- stances there and the example had not been lost on them." The English visitors of the period seldom complained that the American was too meek or modest. For the most part they did not word their observations on this point so con- siderately as in the following: "The Americans, in general, have more self-possession and self-confidence than Eng- lishmen, although this characteristic belongs perhaps less to the Bostonians than to the citizens of most of the other parts of the Union. On the other hand, the members of the great republic are sensitive and touchy about their country, a point on which the English are imperturbably in- different, being proud of every thing British, even to a fault, since contempt for the opinion of other nations may be car- ried so far as to diminish pro- spect of national improvement. It might be better if each of the great branches of the Anglo- Saxon family would borrow some- thing of the qualities of the other, — if John Bull had less mauvais Jwnte so as to care less for what others were thinking of him- self individually and if Jonathan cared less for what others are thinking of the country." A tribute to Boston's morality is paid by Sir Charles Lyell, who declared that "the impress of the strict morals of the Puritan = founders of the New England commonwealths on the manners of their des- cendants, is still very marked. Swearing is seldom heard, and dueling has been success- fully discountenanced, although they are in constant communication with the southern states, where both these practices are com- mon, though much less so than formerly." Indeed Puritanism sixty years ago went to the length of imposing a fine on any one found smoking on the street. A "smokers' circle" was set apart, however, on the Common, where the practice might be indulged in out- of-doors. To Boston's intellectuality and especially the fondness for the lecture all the travelers bear witness. One George Combe, who made "a phrenological visit" to this country, was very favorably impressed (from a phrenological standpoint) by the people of Boston. He considered "this people naturally capable of rising to a high degree of civilization." This should have been very gratifying. The lecture thrived at the expense of the theatre, which in 1847 was not a very success- ful institution. One of the reasons for this fact, according to Sir Charles Lyell, was that many men "of the middle or even humbler class" preferred 1847 — tiiex- -THE SILVER RTANDARD- -now— 1907 to spend their evenings at home reading aloud to their families. In 1847, however, occurred the first presen- tation of Italian opera in Boston by a company from Havana who opened in April at the Howard Athenaeum. William Warren, the comedian, made his first appearance at the Museum in 1847. Adelaide Phillips was a danseuse at this house in the same year. The Federal Street Theatre, which had been used for religious and for musical purposes, was again opened for theat- rical performances in 1846-47. The Public Library may be said to date back to 1847. In a message to the City Council Mayor Quincy "again brought to public attention the idea of a great public library. He announced that a citizen had of- fered to contribute the sum of $5,000 to- ward the establishment of such a library, on condition that the sum of $10,000 should be contributed by others. It afterward became known that this citizen who so modestly veiled his indentity while he offered so munificent a donation was nons otherthanMayorQuin- cy himself. This mes- sage of the Mayor was referred to a special committee which was to consider the expedi- ency of commencingthe formation of a public library, under the con- trol and auspices of the city with authority to receive donation1; for the same, either in books or money. The report of the committee was elaborate, and rec- ommended an order, which was adopted, providing that whenever the proposed library should reach the value of $30,000, a suitable place should be provided for it, so arranged that the public might use it with freedom. An act of the General Court was procured authorizing the city to establish and maintain a public library for the use of its citizens. From this moment the Public Library of the city of Boston had a being." This same year Alexander Vattemare, pre- fect of police, Paris, donated books to the city which became a nucleus for a library. Failure of crops was causing great distress in 1847 in Europe, especially Ireland, where famine conditions prevailed. Wheat and corn were abundant in America. On February 22 Boston merchants petitioned Congress for the use of a national ship-of-war, which they proposed to load with provisions for the suf- ferers over sea. Congress voted to comply with the request and the charitable plan was carried out on a generous scale. Th-^ laying of the corner stone of the Bea- con Hill Reservoir took place on Saturday, November 19, 1847. Long Pond, lying in the towns of Framingham, Natick and Way- land, was decided upon in 1845 for the site of the water works. The ceremony of break- ing ground occurred August 20, 1 846, and the name of the pond was changed to Lake Cochituate. It was but proper that educational advance should be a feature of the growth of the Athens of America. Lawrence Scientific School was founded in 1847 by the gift of $50,000 from Abbott Lawrence; the School of Theology was opened as part of Boston University; the cornerstone of the Boston Athenaeum on Beacon street was laid in April. The horse found a powerful friend in 1847 when Dr. J. C. Warren, professor of anatomy H fiS (•*jfe a Ul^^^iS »£f? •^•-■B ^5J5i . • , Si' m 1 1 B9 ■ftw "^^ W^ «"T __.',! '. -X-'' "' , ' ■--' L' : ' - , miii COMMONWEALTH AVENUE. and surgery in the Harvard Medical School 1815-'47, delivered an address before the Legislative Agricultural Society in which he denounced cruelty to horses and pleaded for better treatment of them. In the same year John H. Dexter, of Boston, published a pamphlet entitled "A plea for the Horse." The actual organization of the Massachusetts Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Ani- mals did not come until 1 868, but this was clearly the result of the agitation begun in 1 847 and credit for the organization is given to Mrs. William Appleton, daughter of Dr. Warren. The philanthropic spirit was active along many lines. The Temporary Home of the Destitute and the Needlewoman's Friend So- ciety were established, the Industrial Aid So- ciety was incorporated and a building erected by the Boston Port and Seaman's Aid Society in 1847. The American Unitarian Association, es- tablished in 1825, was incorporated in 1847. That year marks the abandonment of that curious and, because of the notable names connected with it, that very interesting experi- ment, the Brook Farm. "The Phalanstery" building was burned and the community — its remaining members already disillusionized — were scattered. The establisment of city institutions on Deer Island was begun in 1847, when hospitals were erected in May as a Quarantaine estab- lishment and a general receptacle for foreign paupers and others arriving ill with contagious diseases, especially ship - fever, which raged that year. Other events, more or less notable, connect- ed with the 1847 date include the completion and opening of the Revere House and the establishment of the National Exchange Bank. A serious fire in Causeway, Medford and Charleston Streets oc- curredjanuary 22. The old Custom House was sold June 16. On June 29 President Polk visited the city. Iron seats were placed in the Common, the wooden ones having suffered from the characteristic Yankee customof whit- tling. ChristChurch steeple in 1846 was found to be in a decaying condition. In August, 1847, therefore, the spire, or all above the upper windows, was raised from its fastenings and lowered from a height of 130 feet to the pavement without accident. The part that supported the spire was rebuilt. The ball on the spire was opened and found to contain an account of the destruc- tion of the steeple in 1804, when it was blown down, and its restoration in 1807. This was replaced, together with an account of the repairs in 1847 and other documents. A rather extraordinary robbery at the cor- ner of Washington and Milk Streets, in the store occupied by Messrs. Currier & Trott, and Widdifield & Co., the former jewelers and the latter opticians, occurred some time between Saturday night, January 30, and Monday morning, February 1 , when the building was entered and stripped of watches, jewelry, spoons, etc., to the value of $10,000. This, then, was the Boston of 1847 — rec- ognized as the seat of an austere yet kindly culture; a community broad in many ways yet with a certain narrowness bequeathed by Puritan forebears still clinging to its garments. Sixty years to an English hamlet are but as yesterday; to one of our hustling western cities they are its history; to New York they are a past epoch. To Boston they partake of all these features. The progress that has marked its life has not essentially changed its character- istics. Where a dead and gone New Yorker, called back to life, would feel lost in the me- tropolis, a resurrected Boston man would rec- ognize the city of his own day. g 134T ROGERS BROS' i 'SILVER PLATE THAT WEAFLS 1 A SELECTION FROM THE CHARTER OAK 024 ir'.r, 036 02? 1 128 029 030 03] 032 033 034 035 036 03? 038 Soup spoon Sugar tongs < >yster Fork Bouillon s] n Child's set, knife, fork and sj i m >n Butter knife. t\\ i-t Salad fork, large Pickle fork, long Salad spoon tee cream fork Cu c ii mber or tomato server i d-ange spoou Berry sj n Sugar shell Cold meat fork Illustrations about one-third actual size The "Charter Oak" pattern, illustrated above, has prove'd very popular since its intro- duction, last summer. The design, in which the acorn and oak leaf are employed effect- ively, is one of marked individuality and character. The finish is a combination of French Gray and bright, the ornamental part being gray and the tines, bowls and shields bright. Supplied to Retailers by all Leading Jobbers. g ^XI'SflbKI l(°)4r ROGERS BROS # g A single piece or set of " 1847 Rogers Bros." ware in a lined box makes a most satis- factory anniversary gift. An attractive display will help trade wonderfully. For those who desire something more costly there arc silk or leatherette cases containing combination sets as well as oak or mahogany chests with one's own selection of flatware. Meriden Britannia Co., Meriden, Connecticut MADE AND 1UARANTEED BY "ROGERS BROS. (International Silver Co., Successor) NEW YORK HAMILTON, CANADA CHICAGO -HOLLOWWARE TRADEMARKS— |MI SICol frlj j v,'Cm.^ fuffffi] ~ HOLLOWWARe'tRADEMARKS- O* s Distributed to the Public by Progressive Dealers. s THE SILVER STANDARD, DECEMBER, 1847. The Siluet- Standard Established in 1847 BY Rogers Bros. DECEMBER, 1847. THANKSGIVING PURITAN CUSTOM ALMOSTUNTVERSAL. The good old Puritan custom of Thanksgiv- ing has become almost universal in every State, thereby giving evidence that the stream flowing from Plymouth Rock shall yet spread over our whole land. We have indeed cause to be grateful to our Creator for his blessings. He has given us a goodly land and while the waitings of famine and distress come floating on e^ billow from Europe, we have enough and to spare, and let us be thankful to God that while he has given us much to spare, he has also put into our hearts to cast our bread upon the waters. It will return with interest, for "he that giveth to the poor lendeth to the Lord.' Thanksgiving is gener ally a happy day, in New England especial- ly. Then separate re latives gather together, and old and young bas in love, happiness and friendship. May thi simple and beautiful cus torn never be aban- doned, but become closer and closer en twined round the hearts of our people. A NOVEL MA- CHINE.-Mr. Steph- en Bowerman, of De- troit, Michigan, has in- vented and isexhibiting in Washington a very novel machine for tak- ing the yeas and nays in legislative bodies. It is especially intended for the use of Congress. By the proposed ar- rangement, a mere glance of hiseyeinforms the clerk whether there is a quorum present; and the yeas and nays can be enumerated and pointed out in the course of a minute or two after the votes ha ve been cast . Several young ladies of Newport, R. I., amuse themselves in the evening by ringingdoor- bells and then running. The BELLES them- selves are cautioned to desist from the practice, or THEY will be wrung. A Vermonter has ob- tained a patent for a pocket telescope that will bring cows tres- passing in his corn-field so near that he can shoot them with a pock- et pistol. LIFE IN NEW ENGLAND.-An intelligent gentleman who has been travelling extensively last sum- mer in New England, speaks to us, says the Richmond Republican, in raptures of the won- derful enterprise and energy of the people. Not only in manufac- tures, said he, but in every branch of trade, 1 and especially in agri- culture, they have ex- hibited a wonderful im- provement. Their un- inviting soil, which would here be given up as past redemption, has been transformed into a garden. They are a great agricultural peo- ple. Their rough roads, too, have been made as smooth as a bowling alley. Through every part of the country the tide of life rolls with ceaseless activity . When you are on the railroads, said our informant, you meet with such a multi- tude that all the popu- lation seems travelling. When you leave the cars, and get upon the cross-roads, visit the farms or look into the shops, the whole popu- lation seems to work, too, with theircoats off, and "fourteen hours a day" toiling for their bread. Can Polk's free trade crush such peo- ple? VOLCANO— The eruption which we noticed in last week's paper to have taken place in the Look Out Mountains is confirmed by the late news from the South. Enormous rocks were thrown from the mountains into the valleys below, and it is said that the inhabitants in the neighborhood have left their homes. Large beds of bitumi- nous coal are found in the Look Out Moun- tains. The eruption may yet turn out, how- ever, to be a story like that of "hey diddle ddle." FRED DOUGLASS. '"THE negro orator, Frederick Douglass, has located in Rochester, N. Y., and has started a paper, which, we understand, is to be devoted to the anti-slavery principle. This former slave has made quite a name for himself by his efforts in behalf of his own race and may make considerable of a stir before many years. INCREASE OF PROPERTY IN BOSTON. — Whole valuation of property in Boston in 1844, $118,- 450,309; in 1845, $135,948,700; in 1846, $150,000,000. Increase in 1 845, 1 5 per cent, and in 1 846, I OK percent. THREE COLD MORNINGS.-The three coldest mornings in November for the last 25 years were on the 25th [and 26th in 1838, and the 30th in 1847, when the ther- mometer indicated 5J& 6, and 1 0 degrees. — Boston Almanac. In 308 Massachusetts towns with 737.700 inhabitants, there are 3,475 Public Schools, having an annual aver- age attendance of 1 14,- 000 pupils. In the whole Commonwealth there are supposed to be 20,000 who never attend school at all. The present number of teachers is 2,585 males, and 4,997 females. Boston, in 1800, had twenty - five thousand inhabitants, in 1846, one hundred and fifteen thousand. At the same time there were thirty distilleries, now only seven. A good show- ing every' way. FREE PUBLIC LIBRARY.-A movement is in progress in Boston to establish a Free Public Library for the citizens, and the Common Council have agreed to provide ac- commodations as soon as $30,000 is raised. MR. EMERSON AND ROOSTERS. -A late writer in speak- ing of Bostomans says, they divide their time between metaphysics and "fancy poultry;" and while they look up- on Emerson asfarahead of inspiration, they look upon a thirty-pound rooster as far ahead of him. THE SCOTCH AND AMERICAN YANKEE. -What Lord Stanley insinua- ted, and the Lord Prov- ost of Edinburgh said, of our countrymen beyond the Tweed, was repeat- ed in other words at Manchester, recently, by the Rev. Dr. Bacon of New Haven, U.S. "The inhabitants of New England," said he, 'are what are call- ed in America 'Yan- kees!' Youdon'tknow what a Yankee is. All Americans are not 'Yankees,' no more than all the subjects of Queen Victoria are Scotchmen. The Yan- kees, in fact, are the Scotch of America, and the Scotch are the Yan- kees of Great Britain. (Laughter) I was say- ing this to a lady in Edinburgh, the other day: and I toldherthat, for .ill that, you would find Yankees every- where but in Scotland, and Scotchmen every- where but in New Eng- land. And what is the reason? Because they are both Yorkshire (roars of laughter) — or, as we say at home, they have both got their eye teeth cut." (A laugh.) The Lachine Rail- road, Canada, was opened to the public a few days ago. Arrangements be- tween the Government and E. K. Collins for a line of American steam- ers between New York and Liverpool have been completed. There are forty-five newspapers published in the city of Boston. In the city of New York their name is legion. The two Government snag-boats Samson and Sevier, built at New York in 1843, at a cost of 60 or 70,000 dollars, were sold at Paducah, on the first inst., for the sum of 3,643 dollars. HERE has been no period since the government was founded, when all the industrial pursuits of our people have been more successful or when labor in all branches of business has received a fairer or better reward. T'res. Polk's Message, December 7, JS47. The U. S. Schooner I The town of Colum- A clock worth $700 Scorpion returned from bus, Indiana, was de- has been placed in the a cruise, having secured I stroyed by fire on the Custom House, Boston, the Spanish top-sail 29th ult. It wasa place It consists of an Ionic schooner which she had containing about six iron column placed up- been sent to capture. ! hundred inhabitants. on a stone pedestal. Since 1 820 the births of the old stock of Bos- tonians have been but one, while that of for- eign have been five per cent. Twenty -seven New England school mistress- es arrived at Cleveland, Ohio, November27th., consigned to the district schools of the West. TWO ENGINES ARE THE WORK OF ROSS WINANS. Mr. Ross Winans, of Baltimore, has lately built two engines, of which the Charleston Courier gives the fol- lowing description : Two of the most splendid pieces cf mech- anism we have ever seen, are the locomo- tives 'John C. Cal- houn' and 'Rough and Ready,' lately received : here. The Calhoun is certainly a splendid en- gine, of great power, exquisite workmanship and perfect construc- tion. She bids fair, like her illustrious name- sake, to take the lead on our road, and to command the admira- tion of all by her fidel- ity in 'keeping the track," and bearing her train of followers safely through. When we saw her she v/as in that state yclept 'masterly inactivity,' but when her steam's up she'll be some punkins and no mistake. "The Rough and Ready is not so splen- did a craft, and yet is no less wonderful a piece of machinery . Its beauty consists of its simplicity, the total ab- sence of ornament; doubtless constructed on the principle that 'beau- ty unadorned 's adorned the most.' The former engine is the court beau- ty, arrayed in splendor, glistening up with jew- els, proud and magnifi- cent ; the latter, the vil- lage maiden, unadorned and yet :urpassing fair. The former brings to mind the illustrious statesman, in the purple and splendor of the Sen- ate ; the latter, the in- dominable hero in his farmer dress, plain, yet invincible on the battle field." A_ CROOKED FENCE — There is a piece of fence in Indi- ana, made of pine rails, so crooked that every time a pig attempts to crawl through them he comes out on the same side he starts from. So says one who saw it. We think the man must have been wonderfully cross-eyed when he looked at it. A farmer's wife in New Connecticut, Ohio, is preparing an immense cheese for a present to Queen Vic- toria. With some few of her neighbors, she has procured the milk of 500 cows for one day. The production is a cheese weighing 6,600 lbs. Plank roads are com- ing into very general favor. They originat- ed in Canada in 1835.